球形装药水下爆炸近场测量的连续探针法研究
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摘要
为了在水下爆炸的单次试验中连续获得炸药爆轰波和近场冲击波的时程曲线,研制了一种压导式连续电阻丝探针,并基于此设计了球形装药水下爆炸测试系统。采用粉状黑索今(RDX)炸药进行120 mm直径的球形装药水下爆炸试验,测量获得了多组爆轰波-冲击波时程曲线。通过对爆轰波段数据进行拟合得到了待测RDX炸药的爆速,利用冲击波段数据计算得到了炸药爆压、绝热指数以及水中冲击波的衰减规律,并与康姆莱特半经验公式和数值模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明:运用新型电阻丝探针测得的RDX炸药参数与理论值相比,爆速、爆压和绝热指数的相对误差分别小于3%、5%和2%;模拟得到的近场冲击波峰压和速度曲线与试验结果基本吻合,最大误差不超过10%.
A novel pressure-conducted velocity probe was developed to continuously measure the propagation traces of detonation wave and near-field shock wave in a single underwater explosion test. An underwater explosion measuring system with the new probe for spherical charge was designed. The repeated experiments of 120 mm-diameter spherical RDX charge were performed,and the time-history curves of several sets of detonation-shock waves were measured in the experiments. The detonation velocities of RDX explosive under test were obtained by fitting the detonation and shock wave data,respectively,and the detonation pressure,adiabatic exponent,and attenuation rule of underwater shock wave were calculated from the time-history curves of detonation-shock waves,which were compared with the calculated results of Kamlet semi-empirical formula and the numerically simulated results. The results show that the relative errors of the measured and calculated detonation velocity,detonation pressure and adiabatic exponent are not more than 3%,5% and 2%,respectively. The simulated peak pressure and propagation velocity of near-field shock wave are basically in agreement with the experiments,of which maximum errors are less than 10%.
A novel pressure-conducted velocity probe was developed to continuously measure the propagation traces of detonation wave and near-field shock wave in a single underwater explosion test. An underwater explosion measuring system with the new probe for spherical charge was designed. The repeated experiments of 120 mm-diameter spherical RDX charge were performed,and the time-history curves of several sets of detonation-shock waves were measured in the experiments. The detonation velocities of RDX explosive under test were obtained by fitting the detonation and shock wave data,respectively,and the detonation pressure,adiabatic exponent,and attenuation rule of underwater shock wave were calculated from the time-history curves of detonation-shock waves,which were compared with the calculated results of Kamlet semi-empirical formula and the numerically simulated results. The results show that the relative errors of the measured and calculated detonation velocity,detonation pressure and adiabatic exponent are not more than 3%,5% and 2%,respectively. The simulated peak pressure and propagation velocity of near-field shock wave are basically in agreement with the experiments,of which maximum errors are less than 10%.
引文
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[15]杨文彬.滑移爆轰下飞板飞行速度测量的实验方法[J].爆炸与冲击,1986,6(1):39-47.YANG W B. Experimental method of measuring the velocity of a flyer in slipping detonation[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,1986,6(1):39-47.(in Chinese)
[16]赵国民,张若棋,王诚洪.金属圆管在炸药滑移爆轰作用下的运动姿态[J].爆炸与冲击,1996,16(1):80-85.ZHAO G M,ZHANG R Q,WANG C H. Motion of metal tube under action of explosive slide detonation[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,1996,16(1):80-85.(in Chinese)
[17]徐森,唐双凌,刘大斌.用连续爆速法测定工业炸药爆速[J].含能材料,2009,17(4):467-469.XU S,TANG S L,LIU D B. Measurement of detonation velocity of industrial explosive using continuous detonation velocity method[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2009,17(4):467-469.(in Chinese)
[18]李科斌,李晓杰,闫鸿浩,等.炸药爆速连续测量的杂波分析及新型探针的研制[J].工程爆破,2017,23(5):85-90.LI K B,LI X J,YAN H H,et al. The mechanism analysis of noise wave in detonation velocity continuous measurement[J].Engineering Blasting,2017,23(5):85-90.(in Chinese)
[19]薛彭寿,王淑萍.大药量水箱法测定炸药爆轰压力的研究[J].火炸药学报,1992,15(2):10-19.XUE P S,WANG S P. Study on detonation pressure measurement for large charge with aquarium test[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants,1992,15(2):10-19.(in Chinese)
[20] MUHAMED S. Test methods for explosives[M]. NY,US:Springer,1995:125-132.
[21] RICE M H,WALSH J M. Equation of state of water to 250 kilobars[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics,1957,26(4):824-830.
[22] KAMLET M J,JACOBS S J. Chemistry of detonations. I. A simple method for calculating detonation properties of C—H—N—O explosives[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics,1968,48(1):23-35.
[23]北京工业学院八系.爆炸及其作用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1979:329.Eighth Department,Beijing Institute of Industry. Explosion and its effect[M]. Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1979:329.(in Chinese)
[2]张志华,钟强晖,李庆民.小药量水下爆炸对水下目标的毁伤有效值评估[J].兵工学报,2009,30(10):1344-1348.ZHANG Z H,ZHONG Q H,LI Q M. Evaluation of damage valid value of underwater target detonated by small charge[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2009,30(10):1344-1348.(in Chinese)
[3]李金河,赵继波,谭多望,等.炸药水中爆炸的冲击波性能[J].爆炸与冲击,2009,29(2):172-176.LI J H,ZHAO J B,TAN D W,et al. Underwater shock wave performances of explosives[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,2009,29(2):172-176.(in Chinese)
[4]张远平,池家春,龚晏青,等.含铝炸药水下爆炸性能的实验研究[J].高压物理学报,2010,24(4):316-320.ZHANG Y P,CHI J C,GONG Y Q,et al. Experimental study on underwater explosion performance of aluminized explosive[J].Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,2010,24(4):316-320.(in Chinese)
[5]项大林,荣吉利,李健,等.黑索今基含铝炸药的铝氧比对爆轰性能及其水下爆炸性能的影响[J].兵工学报,2013,34(1):45-50.XIANG D L,RONG J L,LI J,et al. The effect of Al/O ratio on detonation performance and underwater explosion of RDX-based aluminized explosive[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2013,34(1):45-50.(in Chinese)
[6] JOHNSON J N,MADER C L,GOLDSTEIN S. Performance properties of commercial explosives[J]. Propellants,Explosives,Pyrotechnics,1983,8(1):8-18.
[7] ITOH S,LIU Z,NADAMITSU Y. An investigation on the properties of underwater shock waves generated in underwater explosions of high explosives[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,1997,119(4):498-502.
[8] DORSETT H,CLIFF M D. Detonation front curvature measurements and aquarium tests of tritonal variants, DSTO-TR-1411[R]. Edinburgh,Australia:Weapons Systems Divison,Defence Science and Technology Organization,2003.
[9]畅里华,何徽,温伟峰,等.炸药水中爆炸冲击波超高速同时分幅/扫描摄影技术[J].爆炸与冲击,2018,38(2):437-442.CHANG L H,HE H,WEN W F,et al. Study of underwater-explosion shock wave using ultrahigh-speed simultaneous framing and streak photography technology[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,2018,38(2):437-442.(in Chinese)
[10] COLE R H. Underwater explosions[M]. NY,US:Dover Publications,1965.
[11] SAYAPIN A,GRINENKO A,EFIMOV S,et al. Comparison of different methods of measurement of pressure of underwater shock waves generated by electrical discharge[J]. Shock Waves,2006,15(2):73-80.
[12] MURATA K,TAKAHASHI K,KATO Y. Measurements of underwater explosion performances by pressure guage using fluoropolymer[J]. Journal of Material Processing Technology,1999,85(1/2/3):38-42.
[13] FAN Z Q,MA H H,SHEN Z W,et al. Application of polyvinylidene fluoride for pressure measurements in an underwater explosion of aluminized explosives[J]. Combustion,Explosion,and Shock Waves,2015,51(3):381-386.
[14]池家春,马冰. TNT/RDX(40/60)炸药球水中爆炸波研究[J].高压物理学报,1999,13(3):199-204.CHI J C,MA B. Underwater explosion wave by a spherical charge of composition B-3[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,1999,13(3):199-204.(in Chinese)
[15]杨文彬.滑移爆轰下飞板飞行速度测量的实验方法[J].爆炸与冲击,1986,6(1):39-47.YANG W B. Experimental method of measuring the velocity of a flyer in slipping detonation[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,1986,6(1):39-47.(in Chinese)
[16]赵国民,张若棋,王诚洪.金属圆管在炸药滑移爆轰作用下的运动姿态[J].爆炸与冲击,1996,16(1):80-85.ZHAO G M,ZHANG R Q,WANG C H. Motion of metal tube under action of explosive slide detonation[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,1996,16(1):80-85.(in Chinese)
[17]徐森,唐双凌,刘大斌.用连续爆速法测定工业炸药爆速[J].含能材料,2009,17(4):467-469.XU S,TANG S L,LIU D B. Measurement of detonation velocity of industrial explosive using continuous detonation velocity method[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2009,17(4):467-469.(in Chinese)
[18]李科斌,李晓杰,闫鸿浩,等.炸药爆速连续测量的杂波分析及新型探针的研制[J].工程爆破,2017,23(5):85-90.LI K B,LI X J,YAN H H,et al. The mechanism analysis of noise wave in detonation velocity continuous measurement[J].Engineering Blasting,2017,23(5):85-90.(in Chinese)
[19]薛彭寿,王淑萍.大药量水箱法测定炸药爆轰压力的研究[J].火炸药学报,1992,15(2):10-19.XUE P S,WANG S P. Study on detonation pressure measurement for large charge with aquarium test[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants,1992,15(2):10-19.(in Chinese)
[20] MUHAMED S. Test methods for explosives[M]. NY,US:Springer,1995:125-132.
[21] RICE M H,WALSH J M. Equation of state of water to 250 kilobars[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics,1957,26(4):824-830.
[22] KAMLET M J,JACOBS S J. Chemistry of detonations. I. A simple method for calculating detonation properties of C—H—N—O explosives[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics,1968,48(1):23-35.
[23]北京工业学院八系.爆炸及其作用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1979:329.Eighth Department,Beijing Institute of Industry. Explosion and its effect[M]. Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1979:329.(in Chinese)