大蒜锌生物营养强化效应评估
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摘要
通过田间试验,以基肥形式土施锌肥,设置5个锌处理组和一个对照组,对不同生育时期大蒜的各宜食器官锌含量和赋存形态进行了分析,同时对鳞茎锌的生物有效性进行了初步评估.结果表明,施锌可显著提高蒜叶、蒜薹和鳞茎的锌质量分数,分别可提高至93.5,71.8和96.4mg/kg(干重);施锌可使其不同器官中锌形态的组成特征发生改变,具体表现为蒜叶、蒜薹以及鳞茎中游离态锌比例得到提高,而水溶性蛋白锌和复合态锌比例下降,蒜叶以及蒜薹盐溶态锌和碱溶态锌比例提高,而鳞茎相反.在人工胃肠模拟试验中,锌强化后鳞茎的锌溶出度相比对照组提高68%,当模拟与大米共同进食时,锌溶出度相比提高2.6倍,表明其锌营养品质得到显著改善.
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc(Zn)fertilization on Zn accumulation in garlic plants.The experiment was designed as five zinc treatment groups and one control,and Zn was added as base fertilizer.The results showed that the Zn mass fractions in garlic leaves,young garlic shoots and the bulbs were significantly increased up to 93.5,71.8and 96.4 mg/kg(dry weight)respectively.The Zn forms in different edible garlic organs all changed after the addition of Zn fertilizers.Furthermore,the proportions of free Zn ions were improved in garlic leaves,young garlic shoots and bulbswith the increase of Zn levels,while the proportions of water-extractable Zn and residual Zn decreased.However,the proportion of salt-and alkali-extractable Zn increased in garlic leaves and young garlic shoots,but decreased in the bulbs.The in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal digestion showed that the Zn dissolution rate in Zn-fortified bulbs increased by 68% compared to the control.When mixing together with rice,the Zn dissolution rate of garlic bulbs increased by 2.6times,which indicates that the nutritional quality of Zn improved significantly via bio-fortification.
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc(Zn)fertilization on Zn accumulation in garlic plants.The experiment was designed as five zinc treatment groups and one control,and Zn was added as base fertilizer.The results showed that the Zn mass fractions in garlic leaves,young garlic shoots and the bulbs were significantly increased up to 93.5,71.8and 96.4 mg/kg(dry weight)respectively.The Zn forms in different edible garlic organs all changed after the addition of Zn fertilizers.Furthermore,the proportions of free Zn ions were improved in garlic leaves,young garlic shoots and bulbswith the increase of Zn levels,while the proportions of water-extractable Zn and residual Zn decreased.However,the proportion of salt-and alkali-extractable Zn increased in garlic leaves and young garlic shoots,but decreased in the bulbs.The in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal digestion showed that the Zn dissolution rate in Zn-fortified bulbs increased by 68% compared to the control.When mixing together with rice,the Zn dissolution rate of garlic bulbs increased by 2.6times,which indicates that the nutritional quality of Zn improved significantly via bio-fortification.
引文
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[12]Zhao Fengyun.The toxiction of Zn and Pb on the root in the bulb of allium L[J].Henan Science,1999,17:116-120.赵凤云.铅锌对蒜根尖的毒害作用[J].河南科学,1999,17:116-120.
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[14]Wang Weiwei,Xu Ruixing,Yan Shulian,et al.Analysis of zinic combined with protein in zinicenriched soybean protein[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2002,23(2):96-99.王威威,徐瑞兴,闫淑莲,等.富锌豆蛋白中锌结合态含量的研究[J].食品加工,2002,23(2):96-99.
[15]Laird B D,Van de Wiele T R,Corriveau M C,et al.Gastrointestinal microbes increase arsenic bioaccessibility of ingested mine tailings using the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(15):5 542-5 547.
[16]Shen Zhijing,Pengkeqin,Zhou Hao,et al.Review of the trace element Zinc in plant[J].Huan Agricultural Science,2007,3:110-112.沈志锦,彭克勤,周浩,等.植物微量元素锌的研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2007,3:110-112.
[17]Wang Libao,Zhu Ninghua,E Jianhua.Effects of heavy matels lead,zinc and copper on young seedling growth of Cinnamomum camphora and Koelreuteria paniculata[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2010,30(2):44-47.王利宝,朱宁华,鄂建华.Pb、Zn等重金属对樟树、栾树幼苗生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(2):44-47.
[18]Huang Yongjie,Yang Hongfei,Zhang Dong,et al.Efects of Zn stress on the growth of alternanthera philoxeroides and Activities of Soil Enzymes[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2009,27(4):403-408.黄永杰,杨红飞,张栋,等.锌胁迫对水花生生长及土壤酶活性的影响[J].上海交通大学学报,2009,27(4):403-408.
[19]Chen Yuzhen.Study on the toxic effects of soil zinc crops and the toxicity thresholds of Zn for the soil[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2011.陈玉真.土壤锌对植物的毒害效应及临界值研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[20]Gao Xiaopeng.Study on the zinc nutrition characteristics of different genotypes dry rice[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2006.高霄鹏.不同基因型旱稻锌营养特性的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2006.
[21]Wang Huazong,Qian Liujiu,Wu Yihong,et al.The green zinc-manure try out bulletin in green food tea plant[J].Journal of Tea Business,2002,244:25-26.王华宗,钱六九,吴义鸿,等.绿色锌肥在绿色食品茶园中应用试验初报[J].茶业通报,2002,244:25-26.
[22]Xu Xiaoyan,Yang Xiaoe,Yang Yuai.Progress in the research on the forms of Zn in plant and mechanisms of physiological role of Zn[J].Trace Elements Science,1999,6(11):1-6.徐晓燕,杨肖娥,杨玉爱.锌在植物中的形态及生理作用机理研究进展[J].广东微量元素科学,1999,6(11):1-6.
[23]Welch R M,House W A,Van Campen D.Effects of oxalic acid on availability of zinc from spinach leaves and zinc sulfate to rats[J].Journal of Nutrition,1977,107(6):929-933.
[24]Zhao Li,Wang Zhangmin,Huang Yang,et al.Zinc accumulation in paddy rice(Oryza stavia L.)by agronomic blofortification through soil-applied zinc fertilizers[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2013,43(8):631-638.赵丽,王张民,黄阳,等.土壤追施锌肥对水稻植株锌累积特征影响研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2013,43(8):631-638.
[25]Vasca E,Materazzi S,Caruso T,et al.Complex formation between phytic acid and divalent metal ions:a solution equilibria and solid state investigation[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2002,374(1):173-178.
[2]Cakmak I,Kalayci M,Ekiz H,et a1.Zinc deficiency as a practical problem in plant and human nutrition in Turkey:A NATO—science for stability project[J].Field Crops Research,1999,60(1/2):175-188.
[3]Cakmak I.Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc:Agronomic or genetic biofortification?[J].Plant and Soil,2008,302(1):1-17.
[4]Liu Zheng.Regularities of content and distribution of zinc in soils of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1994,27(1):30-37.刘铮.我国土壤中锌含量的分布规律[J].中国农业科学,1994,27(1):30-37.
[5]Cakmak I.Enrichment of fertilizers with zinc:An excellent investment for humanity and crop production in India[J].Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology,2009,23(4):281-289.
[6]Falk M C,Chassy B M,Harlander S K,et al.Food biotechnology:Benefits and concerns[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2002,132(6):1 384-1 390.
[7]Joshi A,Crossa J,Arun B,et al.Genotype environment interaction for zinc and iron concentration of wheat grain in eastern Gangetic plains of India[J].Field Crops Research,2010,116(3):268-277.
[8]White P J,Broadley M R.Biofortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets-iron,zinc,copper,calcium,magnesium,selenium and iodine[J].New Phytologist,2009,82(1):49-84.
[9]Cakmak I.Harvest plus zinc fertilizer project:Harvest zinc[J].Better Crops,2012:17-19.
[10]Zhou Yanli,Cheng Zhihui,Meng Huanwen,et al.Allelopathy of garlic root aqueous extracts and root exudates[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University,2007,35(10):87-92.周艳丽,程智慧,孟焕文,等.大蒜根系水浸液及根系分泌物的化感作用评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2007,35(10):87-92.
[11]Yang Fengjuan,Liu Shiqi,Wang Xiufeng,et al.The effect of physiological-biochemical indexs and nutrition quality of garlic[J].Soil Fertilizer Science,2005,1:35-39.杨凤娟,刘世琦,王秀峰,等.锌对大蒜生理生化指标及营养品质的影响[J].土壤肥料,2005,1:35-39.
[12]Zhao Fengyun.The toxiction of Zn and Pb on the root in the bulb of allium L[J].Henan Science,1999,17:116-120.赵凤云.铅锌对蒜根尖的毒害作用[J].河南科学,1999,17:116-120.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.2000.
[14]Wang Weiwei,Xu Ruixing,Yan Shulian,et al.Analysis of zinic combined with protein in zinicenriched soybean protein[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2002,23(2):96-99.王威威,徐瑞兴,闫淑莲,等.富锌豆蛋白中锌结合态含量的研究[J].食品加工,2002,23(2):96-99.
[15]Laird B D,Van de Wiele T R,Corriveau M C,et al.Gastrointestinal microbes increase arsenic bioaccessibility of ingested mine tailings using the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(15):5 542-5 547.
[16]Shen Zhijing,Pengkeqin,Zhou Hao,et al.Review of the trace element Zinc in plant[J].Huan Agricultural Science,2007,3:110-112.沈志锦,彭克勤,周浩,等.植物微量元素锌的研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2007,3:110-112.
[17]Wang Libao,Zhu Ninghua,E Jianhua.Effects of heavy matels lead,zinc and copper on young seedling growth of Cinnamomum camphora and Koelreuteria paniculata[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2010,30(2):44-47.王利宝,朱宁华,鄂建华.Pb、Zn等重金属对樟树、栾树幼苗生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(2):44-47.
[18]Huang Yongjie,Yang Hongfei,Zhang Dong,et al.Efects of Zn stress on the growth of alternanthera philoxeroides and Activities of Soil Enzymes[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2009,27(4):403-408.黄永杰,杨红飞,张栋,等.锌胁迫对水花生生长及土壤酶活性的影响[J].上海交通大学学报,2009,27(4):403-408.
[19]Chen Yuzhen.Study on the toxic effects of soil zinc crops and the toxicity thresholds of Zn for the soil[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2011.陈玉真.土壤锌对植物的毒害效应及临界值研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[20]Gao Xiaopeng.Study on the zinc nutrition characteristics of different genotypes dry rice[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2006.高霄鹏.不同基因型旱稻锌营养特性的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2006.
[21]Wang Huazong,Qian Liujiu,Wu Yihong,et al.The green zinc-manure try out bulletin in green food tea plant[J].Journal of Tea Business,2002,244:25-26.王华宗,钱六九,吴义鸿,等.绿色锌肥在绿色食品茶园中应用试验初报[J].茶业通报,2002,244:25-26.
[22]Xu Xiaoyan,Yang Xiaoe,Yang Yuai.Progress in the research on the forms of Zn in plant and mechanisms of physiological role of Zn[J].Trace Elements Science,1999,6(11):1-6.徐晓燕,杨肖娥,杨玉爱.锌在植物中的形态及生理作用机理研究进展[J].广东微量元素科学,1999,6(11):1-6.
[23]Welch R M,House W A,Van Campen D.Effects of oxalic acid on availability of zinc from spinach leaves and zinc sulfate to rats[J].Journal of Nutrition,1977,107(6):929-933.
[24]Zhao Li,Wang Zhangmin,Huang Yang,et al.Zinc accumulation in paddy rice(Oryza stavia L.)by agronomic blofortification through soil-applied zinc fertilizers[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2013,43(8):631-638.赵丽,王张民,黄阳,等.土壤追施锌肥对水稻植株锌累积特征影响研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2013,43(8):631-638.
[25]Vasca E,Materazzi S,Caruso T,et al.Complex formation between phytic acid and divalent metal ions:a solution equilibria and solid state investigation[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2002,374(1):173-178.
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