惠州市禽类市场感染人禽流感风险调查
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摘要
目的了解惠州市禽类市场从业人员人禽流感知信行现状、禽类市场环境卫生及禽流感病毒污染状况,探讨惠州市禽类市场人感染禽流感风险,为科学防控人禽流感提供依据。方法于2017年11月至2018年5月抽取惠州市6个(县)区62个禽类市场,采用自行设计问卷,对从业人员开展人禽流感知信行及市场环境卫生状况调查,同时采集市场环境样品进行禽流感病毒核酸检测。结果调查328名禽类市场从业人员,人禽流感症状、传播途径等知识的知晓率分别为73.17%(240人)和68.29%(224人)。工作时,有时或从没有穿工作服、戴口罩、戴手套分别有40.24%(132人)、59.45%(195人)、40.85%(134人);接触禽类后洗手没有用肥皂或消毒水的占61.92%(200人);75.61%(248人)从来不注射流感疫苗。对于"集中屠宰、冷链配送、生鲜上市"政策的支持率仅有37.50%(123人)。62个禽类市场中卫生状况一般及较差的分别占45.16%(28个)、19.35%(12个),48.39%(30个)的市场没有做到每天消毒。共采集市场环境样品333份,市场阳性率为54.84%;样品总阳性率为27.03%。不同县区总阳性率差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论惠州市禽类市场环境存在一定程度的禽流感病毒污染,市场禽类从业人员防护意识不强,防护措施不够。
Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)concerning human avian influenza infection among poultry practitioners and environmental pollution in poultry markets in Huizhou,so as to explore the risk and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of human avian influenza infection. Methods A Self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among the poultry practitioners of markets for KAP and environmental hygienic information of 62 poultry markets,which were randomly selected from 6 districts in Huizhou during November 2017-May2018.The samples were collected from the surveillance markets to detect the nucleic acid of avian influenza virus with realtime PCR. Results Among 328 poultry market practitioners,the awareness rates on knowledge of symptom and source of infection were 73.17%(240 people)and 68.29%(224 people).The percentages of never or occasionally wearing of protecting clothes,masks and gloves when working was 40.24%(132 people),59.45%(195 people),40.85%(134 people)respectively.There were 61.92%(200 people)of them washed their hands without soap or disinfectant after contact with poultry.Up to 75.61%(248 people)of them never injected with influenza vaccine.The agreement rate on the policies of centralized slaughtering,cold chain distribution and frozen sales was only 37.50%(123 people).The general and poor sanitary conditions of poultry market was 45.16%(28)and 19.35%(12)respectively.48.39%(30)of the markets did not disinfect daily.A total of 333 environmental samples were collected,the positive rate of markets was 54.84%,and it of market environmental samples was 27.03%.There was statistically significant difference in the positive rate among different districts(P <0.05). Conclusion There is avian influenza virus pollution in some poultry markets of Huizhou city.The awareness of protection is not enough,and the protective measures are inadequate among the poultry practitioners.
Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)concerning human avian influenza infection among poultry practitioners and environmental pollution in poultry markets in Huizhou,so as to explore the risk and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of human avian influenza infection. Methods A Self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among the poultry practitioners of markets for KAP and environmental hygienic information of 62 poultry markets,which were randomly selected from 6 districts in Huizhou during November 2017-May2018.The samples were collected from the surveillance markets to detect the nucleic acid of avian influenza virus with realtime PCR. Results Among 328 poultry market practitioners,the awareness rates on knowledge of symptom and source of infection were 73.17%(240 people)and 68.29%(224 people).The percentages of never or occasionally wearing of protecting clothes,masks and gloves when working was 40.24%(132 people),59.45%(195 people),40.85%(134 people)respectively.There were 61.92%(200 people)of them washed their hands without soap or disinfectant after contact with poultry.Up to 75.61%(248 people)of them never injected with influenza vaccine.The agreement rate on the policies of centralized slaughtering,cold chain distribution and frozen sales was only 37.50%(123 people).The general and poor sanitary conditions of poultry market was 45.16%(28)and 19.35%(12)respectively.48.39%(30)of the markets did not disinfect daily.A total of 333 environmental samples were collected,the positive rate of markets was 54.84%,and it of market environmental samples was 27.03%.There was statistically significant difference in the positive rate among different districts(P <0.05). Conclusion There is avian influenza virus pollution in some poultry markets of Huizhou city.The awareness of protection is not enough,and the protective measures are inadequate among the poultry practitioners.
引文
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[2]丘文清,琚雄飞,刘雪梅,等.惠州市5例人感染H7N9禽流感病例临床表现及流行病学特征分析[J].华南预防医学,2015,41(4):353-355.
[3]康敏,钟豪杰,黄国峰,等.广东省人感染禽流感疫情流行病学特征分析[J].华南预防医学,2015,41(4):323-327.
[4]郑庆鸣,王铁强,王广力,等.深圳市光明新区涉禽职业人员人感染H7N9禽流感知信行调查[J].疾病监测与控制杂志,2014,8(7):410-412.
[5]龙江,向伦辉,李勤,等.重庆市活禽市场从业人员感染禽流感的风险调查[J].疾病监测,2016,31(2):111-114.
[6]阳益萍,李海,陈敏玫,等.南宁市农贸市场禽类从业人员对H7N9禽流感知、信、行调查[J].广西医学,2015,37(7):945-947.
[7]蒋雪峰,徐军,童国强,等.浙江省平湖市活禽交易市场活禽摊主H7N9禽流感知信行调查[J].疾病监测,2015,30(6):454-457.
[8]于秋燕,耿兴义,刘铁诚,等.济南市家禽从业人员人禽流感防治相关知识知晓率调查[J].中国预防医学杂志,2014,15(1):72-75.
[9]曾健君,方巧云,刘燕,等.惠州市2013~2015年外环境禽流感病毒监测分析[J].中国热带医学,2016,16(7):692-694.