VM型脉冲管制冷机调相机构的研究
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摘要
本文主要对低温调相型Vuilleumier(VM)型脉冲管制冷机进行了数值计算研究。系统采用小孔气库和双向进气为调相方式,低温调相是指将气库置于热压缩机冷端换热器上。基于Sage软件进行了整机模拟,以无负荷制冷温度最低为目标函数,研究了平均压力、频率和热压缩机冷端温度等运行参数对制冷机性能的影响,并与室温调相型制冷机的性能进行对比。为了进一步理解制冷机的工作原理,分析了脉冲管制冷机内声功流和压力波等的沿程分布和相位关系。计算结果表明,在相同的运行工况下,低温调相型制冷机的性能优于室温调相型制冷机,在平均压力2 MPa、排出器位移6 mm、运行频率3 Hz,热压缩机热端温度和冷端温度分别是293 K和77 K时,低温调相型制冷机获得了5.12 K的无负荷制冷温度。
In this paper, the Vuilleumier(VM) pulse tube cryocooler(PTC) with cold phase shifter was studied. The system utilizes orifice and double-inlet as the phase shifter, and cold phase shifter refers to that reservoir is placed in the cold end of the thermal compressor. Based on the Sage software, the simulation was carried out. With the lowest no-load temperature as objective function,the effects of operating parameters such as average pressure, frequency and cold end temperature of thermal compressor on the performance of cryocooler were studied, which were compared with that of cryocooler used warm-temperature phase shifter as well. In order to further understand the working principle of the cryocooler, the distribution of acoustic flow, pressure wave and phase relationship were analyzed. The results show that under the same operating conditions, the performance of cryocooler with cold phase shifter is better than that with warm-temperature phase shifter. A lowest no-load temperature of 5.12 K was obtained at the average pressure of 2 MPa, displacer displacement of 6 mm, operating frequency of 3 Hz, warm end temperature and cold end temperature for thermal compressor of 293 K and 77 K, respectively.
In this paper, the Vuilleumier(VM) pulse tube cryocooler(PTC) with cold phase shifter was studied. The system utilizes orifice and double-inlet as the phase shifter, and cold phase shifter refers to that reservoir is placed in the cold end of the thermal compressor. Based on the Sage software, the simulation was carried out. With the lowest no-load temperature as objective function,the effects of operating parameters such as average pressure, frequency and cold end temperature of thermal compressor on the performance of cryocooler were studied, which were compared with that of cryocooler used warm-temperature phase shifter as well. In order to further understand the working principle of the cryocooler, the distribution of acoustic flow, pressure wave and phase relationship were analyzed. The results show that under the same operating conditions, the performance of cryocooler with cold phase shifter is better than that with warm-temperature phase shifter. A lowest no-load temperature of 5.12 K was obtained at the average pressure of 2 MPa, displacer displacement of 6 mm, operating frequency of 3 Hz, warm end temperature and cold end temperature for thermal compressor of 293 K and 77 K, respectively.
引文
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[2] Xu M, Takayama H, Nakano K. Development of High Efficiency 4 K Two-StagePulse Tube Cryocooler[C]//Cryocooler 16, 2011:57-63
[3] Tsuchiya A, Lin X, Takayama H, et al. Development of1.5 W 4 K Two-Stage Pulse Tube Cryocoolers With a Remote Valve Unit[C]//Cryocoolers 18, 2014:211-214
[4] Cryomech. Pulse Tube Refrigerator[EB/OL].[2017-06-16]. http://www.cryomech.com
[5]陈国邦,汤珂.小型低温制冷机原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2010CHEN Guobang, TANG Ke. The Principle of Cryogenic Refrigerator[M]. Beijing:Science press, 2010
[6] Quan J, Liu Y, Liu D, et al. 4 K High Frequency Pulse Tube Cryocooler Used for Terahertz Space Application[J].China Science Bulletin, 2014, 59(27):3490-3494
[7] Nast T, Olson J, Champagne P, et al. Development of a 4.5 K PulseTube Cryocooler for Superconducting Electronics[C]//Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 2008, 53:881-886
[8] Dotsenko V V, Delmas J, Webber R J, et al. Integration of a 4-Stage 4 K Pulse Tube Cryocooler Prototype with a Superconducting Integrated Circuit[J]. IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity, 2009, 19(3):1003-1007
[9] Zhi X, Han L, Dietrich M, et al. A Three-stage Stirling Pulse Tube Cryocooler Reached 4.26 K with He-4 Working Fluid[J]. Cryogenics, 2013, 58:93-96
[10] Dai W, Matsubara Y, Kobayashi H. Experimental Investigation of 4 K VM Type Pulse Tube Cooler[C]//Cryocoolers 12, 2003:331-336
[11] Dai W, Matsubara Y, Kobayashi H. Experimental Results on VM Type Pulse Tube Refrigerator[J]. Cryogenics,2002, 42:433-7
[12] Pan C, Zhang T, Zhou Y, et al. A Novel Coupled VM-PT Cryocooler Operating at Liquid Helium Temperature[J].Cryogenics, 2016, 77:20-24
[13] Zhang T, Pan C, Zhou Y, et al. Numerical Investigation and Experimental Development on VM-PT Cryocooler Operating Below 4 K[J]. Cryogenics, 2016, 80:138-146
[14] Zhao Y, Dai W, Vanapalli S, et al. Experimental Sudy of a Pulse Tube Cold Head Driven by a Low Frequency Thermal Compressor[C]//ICCRT, 2016:32-39
[15] Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, et al. Advances on a CryogenFree Vuilleumier Type Pulse Tube Cryocooler[J]. Cryogenics, 2017, 82:62-67
[2] Xu M, Takayama H, Nakano K. Development of High Efficiency 4 K Two-StagePulse Tube Cryocooler[C]//Cryocooler 16, 2011:57-63
[3] Tsuchiya A, Lin X, Takayama H, et al. Development of1.5 W 4 K Two-Stage Pulse Tube Cryocoolers With a Remote Valve Unit[C]//Cryocoolers 18, 2014:211-214
[4] Cryomech. Pulse Tube Refrigerator[EB/OL].[2017-06-16]. http://www.cryomech.com
[5]陈国邦,汤珂.小型低温制冷机原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2010CHEN Guobang, TANG Ke. The Principle of Cryogenic Refrigerator[M]. Beijing:Science press, 2010
[6] Quan J, Liu Y, Liu D, et al. 4 K High Frequency Pulse Tube Cryocooler Used for Terahertz Space Application[J].China Science Bulletin, 2014, 59(27):3490-3494
[7] Nast T, Olson J, Champagne P, et al. Development of a 4.5 K PulseTube Cryocooler for Superconducting Electronics[C]//Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 2008, 53:881-886
[8] Dotsenko V V, Delmas J, Webber R J, et al. Integration of a 4-Stage 4 K Pulse Tube Cryocooler Prototype with a Superconducting Integrated Circuit[J]. IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity, 2009, 19(3):1003-1007
[9] Zhi X, Han L, Dietrich M, et al. A Three-stage Stirling Pulse Tube Cryocooler Reached 4.26 K with He-4 Working Fluid[J]. Cryogenics, 2013, 58:93-96
[10] Dai W, Matsubara Y, Kobayashi H. Experimental Investigation of 4 K VM Type Pulse Tube Cooler[C]//Cryocoolers 12, 2003:331-336
[11] Dai W, Matsubara Y, Kobayashi H. Experimental Results on VM Type Pulse Tube Refrigerator[J]. Cryogenics,2002, 42:433-7
[12] Pan C, Zhang T, Zhou Y, et al. A Novel Coupled VM-PT Cryocooler Operating at Liquid Helium Temperature[J].Cryogenics, 2016, 77:20-24
[13] Zhang T, Pan C, Zhou Y, et al. Numerical Investigation and Experimental Development on VM-PT Cryocooler Operating Below 4 K[J]. Cryogenics, 2016, 80:138-146
[14] Zhao Y, Dai W, Vanapalli S, et al. Experimental Sudy of a Pulse Tube Cold Head Driven by a Low Frequency Thermal Compressor[C]//ICCRT, 2016:32-39
[15] Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, et al. Advances on a CryogenFree Vuilleumier Type Pulse Tube Cryocooler[J]. Cryogenics, 2017, 82:62-67
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