甘肃窑街中侏罗世蚌壳蕨科植物研究进展及其演化研究
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摘要
蕨类植物是一群非常古老的植物,其起源、演化及分类一直是生物学和古生物学研究的热点。蚌壳蕨科是真蕨目中多样性最为丰富的科种之一,是组成中生代植物群的重要成员,为水龙骨类的基干类群。探究地史时期蚌壳蕨科化石多样性变化、繁殖器官和原位孢子微细构造是了解该类植物辐射演化历史和系统发育的重要途径。甘肃窑街盆地中侏罗世蚌壳蕨科植物化石丰富,包括Coniopteris、Eboracia、Gonatosorus,约3属10种。随着近年来部分学者对该地区蚌壳蕨科植物化石逐渐深入的研究,得到了一些重要进展。以保存完好的生殖器官化石标本为基础,分别获得了Coniopteris margaretae、Coniopteris simplex、Coniopteris spectabilis、Coniopteris lanzhouensis、Coniopteris hymenophylloides等种原位孢子,并对其进行了微细构造研究,提供了认识蚌壳蕨科植物系统发育和演化重要的微观证据。窑街地区中侏罗世蚌壳蕨科植物化石均为原地埋藏,指示当时温暖潮湿的亚热带型气候。从早侏罗世到早白垩世,我国蚌壳蕨科植物不断发展,植株体增大,小羽片更为发育,形态多样,变态小羽片也逐步成型,但到早白垩世消失,出现了侏罗纪蚌壳蕨科植物不具备的间小羽片,且植株体发育最好,随后开始衰败。
Ferns are a group of very ancient plants, whose origin, evolution and classification have always been hotspots in paleontology research. Dicksoniaceae is one of the most diverse family species of pteridophyta, is an important member of Mesozoic flora, and is a basic group of water. To explore the variation of fossil diversity,reproductive organs and in situ spore microstructure of Dicksoniaceae in the geological history is an important way to understand the radiation evolution and phylogeny of these plants. There are abundant fossils Dicksoniaceae in Yaojie Basin, Gansu, including Coniopteris, Eboracia, Gonatosorus, about 10 species of 3 genera. In recent years, some important advances have been made in the study of the fossils Dicksoniaceae in this area. Based on the well-preserved fossil specimens of reproductive organs, the in situ spores such as Coniopteris margaretae,Coniopteris simplex, Coniopteris spectabilis, Coniopteris lanzhouensis, and Coniopteris hymenophylloides were obtained respectively, and the microstructure study was carried out on them, providing important microscopic evidence for the understanding of phylogeny and evolution of Dicksoniaceae plants. Apart from Coniopteris hymenophylloides, other species of fossils Dicksoniaceae in Yaojie are all buried in situ, indicating the warm and humid subtropical climate. From the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, Dicksoniaceae plants in China have been developing continuously, the plant body is enlarged, the pinnule is more developed, and the forms are diverse.The metamorphic pinnules also gradually formed, but disappeared in the Early Cretaceous, and there appeared intercalated pinnules that were not found in the Jurassic Fernaceae plant, and the plant body developed best, and then began to decline.
Ferns are a group of very ancient plants, whose origin, evolution and classification have always been hotspots in paleontology research. Dicksoniaceae is one of the most diverse family species of pteridophyta, is an important member of Mesozoic flora, and is a basic group of water. To explore the variation of fossil diversity,reproductive organs and in situ spore microstructure of Dicksoniaceae in the geological history is an important way to understand the radiation evolution and phylogeny of these plants. There are abundant fossils Dicksoniaceae in Yaojie Basin, Gansu, including Coniopteris, Eboracia, Gonatosorus, about 10 species of 3 genera. In recent years, some important advances have been made in the study of the fossils Dicksoniaceae in this area. Based on the well-preserved fossil specimens of reproductive organs, the in situ spores such as Coniopteris margaretae,Coniopteris simplex, Coniopteris spectabilis, Coniopteris lanzhouensis, and Coniopteris hymenophylloides were obtained respectively, and the microstructure study was carried out on them, providing important microscopic evidence for the understanding of phylogeny and evolution of Dicksoniaceae plants. Apart from Coniopteris hymenophylloides, other species of fossils Dicksoniaceae in Yaojie are all buried in situ, indicating the warm and humid subtropical climate. From the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, Dicksoniaceae plants in China have been developing continuously, the plant body is enlarged, the pinnule is more developed, and the forms are diverse.The metamorphic pinnules also gradually formed, but disappeared in the Early Cretaceous, and there appeared intercalated pinnules that were not found in the Jurassic Fernaceae plant, and the plant body developed best, and then began to decline.
引文
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[17] Deng S H. Ecology of the Early Cretaceous ferns of Northeast China[J]. Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,2002,119:93-112
[18]尹殿奎.吉林延边地区早白垩世长财组的蕨类植物[D].吉林大学,2008
[19]丁秋红,李永飞,张健,等.内蒙古乌兰盖盆地早白垩世孢粉组合[J].微体古生物学报,2010,27(2):159-172
[20]马清温,王宇飞.锥叶蕨属研究进展[J].植物学通报,1996,13(增刊):28-34
[21] Wang Y D. Fern ecological implications from the Lower Jurassic in Western Hubei,China[J]. Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,2002,119:125-141
[22]王永栋,田宁,蒋子堃.鄂西早侏罗世香溪植物群真蕨植物研究进展[J].古生物学报,2009,48(3):527-540
[23]王永栋,吴向午,杨小菊,等.广东深圳地区侏罗纪植物化石的发现及意义[J].科学通报,2014,59(19):1874-1880
[24]孙克勤,崔金钟,王士俊.中国化石植物志(第二卷)中国化石蕨类植物[M].高等教育出版社,2010:179-295
[25]辛存林,孟健,魏明,等.侏罗纪五种锥叶蕨植物原位孢子及其与分散孢子的关系[J].兰州大学学报(自科版),2010,46(4):7-12
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[29]辛存林,季健健,王露菡.甘肃窑街中侏罗世Coniopteris lanzhouensis的微细构造研究[J].微体古生物学报,2017(4):28-439
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[31]寇宏杰.浅析民和盆地侏罗系地层特征[J].西部探矿工程,2007,19(4):74-76
[32]赵志清,范迎凤.民和盆地侏罗系生物地层[J].断块油气田,1996,03(2):8-13
[33]孙柏年,沈光隆.兰州窑街煤田侏罗纪植物化石组合序列[J].煤田地质与勘探,1986(3):16-19
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[35]孙柏年.兰州窑街煤田中侏罗世植物化石的初步研究[J].兰州大学学报,1986,22(1):113-118
[36]阎德飞,孙柏年. Solenites murrayana L. et H.在甘肃窑街煤田的发现及其地质意义[J].兰州大学学报,2004,40(3):84-88
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[38]内蒙古自治区地质局.内蒙古固阳含煤盆地中生代地层及古生物[M].北京:地质出版社. 1982:142-143
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