成分对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu超强铝合金淬火敏感性及组织性能的影响
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摘要
7056超强铝合金具有较高的强韧性及耐蚀性,是近几年研究的热点铝合金之一,但国际上对该合金淬火敏感性的研究仍未见报道。采用末端淬火实验,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察及Thermo-calc模拟软件对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu超强铝合金进行相图计算,对比研究了7150, 7055, 7050和7056 4种Al-Zn-Mg-Cu超强铝合金的淬火敏感性及组织性能。研究表明, 7055, 7150, 7050, 7056 4种合金淬透层深度分别为40, 60, 90, 80 mm; T6状态下, 7056合金端部和内部硬度高于7055合金,显著高于7150和7050合金。进一步研究Cu含量对7056合金的淬火敏感性及组织性能的影响,表明7056合金随着Cu含量的降低,淬火敏感性显著降低, Cu含量达到7056合金成分下限时,合金单边淬透深度达100 mm;拉伸强度与塑性变化不大,抗拉强度处在675～685 MPa之间,屈服强度处在625～635 MPa之间,延伸率在10%～11%区间内波动,无明显规律;电导率提高, 1.03%Cu时合金电导率达35%IACS。7056合金兼具超强和高淬透性的特性与其低Cu高Zn合金成分有关。
Super-strength 7056 aluminum alloys have high toughness and corrosion resistance, which is one of the hot-spot aluminum alloys studied in recent years, but the international research on the quenching sensitivity of this alloy has not been reported. The quenching sensitivity and organizational performance of four Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys(7150, 7055, 7050, 7056) were studied by end quenching experiment, scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM) observation and calculation of thermo-calcphase diagram. The quenching depth of four alloys(7055, 7150, 7050, 7056) were 40, 60, 90 and 80 mm, respectively. In T6 state, the hardness of 7056 alloy was higher than that of 7055 alloy, and significantly higher than that of 7150 and 7050 alloys. The effect of copper content on the quenching sensitivity and microstructure-properties of 7056 alloy were further researched. As the copper content of 7056 alloy decreased, the quenching sensitivity significantly decreased, the quenching depth of 7056 alloy reached 100 mm, as copper content reached the lower limit of 7056 alloy. The strength and plasticity did not change much, tensile strength was between 675～685 MPa, and the yield strength was between 625 and 635 MPa, and the elongation rate fluctuated within the range of 10%～11%. The conductivity increased. When the copper content was 1.03, the electrical conductivity of the alloy reached 35% IACS. The ultra-high strength andlow quenching sensitivity of 7056 alloy were related with its composition of low copper/high zinc content.
Super-strength 7056 aluminum alloys have high toughness and corrosion resistance, which is one of the hot-spot aluminum alloys studied in recent years, but the international research on the quenching sensitivity of this alloy has not been reported. The quenching sensitivity and organizational performance of four Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys(7150, 7055, 7050, 7056) were studied by end quenching experiment, scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM) observation and calculation of thermo-calcphase diagram. The quenching depth of four alloys(7055, 7150, 7050, 7056) were 40, 60, 90 and 80 mm, respectively. In T6 state, the hardness of 7056 alloy was higher than that of 7055 alloy, and significantly higher than that of 7150 and 7050 alloys. The effect of copper content on the quenching sensitivity and microstructure-properties of 7056 alloy were further researched. As the copper content of 7056 alloy decreased, the quenching sensitivity significantly decreased, the quenching depth of 7056 alloy reached 100 mm, as copper content reached the lower limit of 7056 alloy. The strength and plasticity did not change much, tensile strength was between 675～685 MPa, and the yield strength was between 625 and 635 MPa, and the elongation rate fluctuated within the range of 10%～11%. The conductivity increased. When the copper content was 1.03, the electrical conductivity of the alloy reached 35% IACS. The ultra-high strength andlow quenching sensitivity of 7056 alloy were related with its composition of low copper/high zinc content.
引文
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[8] Feng D,Zhang X M,Liu S D,Wu Z Z,Guo Y W,Yu C J.Inhonogeneity of microstructure and properties of 7A55 aluminum alloy thick plate [J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology) 2015,(8):2824.(冯迪,张新明,刘胜胆,吴泽政,郭弈文,余翠娟.7A55铝合金厚板的微观组织和性能不均匀性 [J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015(8):2824.)
[9] Zhang X M,Chen H,Liu S D,Liu W J,Huang F R.Effect of Zn and Mg mass ratio on quench sensityvity of aluminum alloy 7055 [J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2012,43(5):1656.(张新明,陈慧,刘胜胆,刘文军,皇甫融.Zn和Mg质量比对7055铝合金淬火敏感性的影响 [J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(5):1656.)
[10] Zheng Y L,Cheng-Bo L I,Liu S D,Deng Y L,Zhang X M.Effect of homogenization time on quench sensitivity of 7085 aluminum alloy [J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(7):2275.
[11] Qi X H.The effects of Minor Sc,Zr on the Quench Sensitivity of 7085 Aluminum Alloy [D].Changsha:Central South University,2013.30.(祁小红.微量Sc,Zr元素对7085铝合金淬火敏感性影响的研究 [D].长沙:中南大学,2013.30.)
[12] Chen S Y,Chen K H,Dong P X,Ye S P,Huang L P.Effect of a novel three-step aging on strength,stress corrosion cracking and microstructure of AA7085 [J].Journal of Central South University (English),2016,23(8):1858.
[13] Kanno M,Araki I,Cui Q.Precipitation behaviour of 7000 alloys during retrogression and reaging treatment [J].Materials Science & Technology,1994,10(7):599.
[14] Jiang J H.Study on Heat Treatment and Structure Property of 7056 Aluminum Alloys [D].Changsha:Central South University,2012.84.(蒋建辉.7056铝合金热处理工艺与组织性能研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.84.)
[15] Liu J T,Zhang Y A,Li X W,Li Z H,Xiong B Q,Zhang J S.Microstructure and properties of two-step aged novel 7056 aluminum alloy [J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(9):1850.(刘俊涛,张永安,李锡武,李志辉,熊柏青,张济山.新型7056铝合金双级时效的显微组织和性能 [J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(9):1850.)
[16] Wang G J,Sun L M,Li X W,Cong F G.Experimental study on microstructure and properties of 7056 aluminum alloy [J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technology,2016,44(4):45.(王国军,孙黎明,李锡武,丛福官.7056铝合金组织与性能的试验研究 [J].轻合金加工技术,2016,44(4):45.)
[17] Xu D.Microstructure of Direct-Chill Casting 7A56 Aluminum Alloy and Its Evolution During Homogenization Treatment [D].Beijing:General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,2017.102.(徐达.新型7A56铝合金半连续铸锭组织及其在均匀化过程中的演化 [D].北京:北京有色金属研究总院,2017.102.)
[18] Dong P X,Chen K H,Fang H C,Peng G S.Forming and effect of dispersoids in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Yb aluminum alloy [J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,(4):912.(董鹏轩,陈康华,方华婵,彭国胜.Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Yb铝合金中弥散相的形成和作用 [J].中国有色金属学报,2013,(4):912.)
[19] Zhang X M,Zhang D Z,Liu S D,Li C B,Deng Y L.Hardenability of three 7000 series aluminum alloys based on Jominy end quench test [J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2015,(2):421.(张新明,张端正,刘胜胆,李承波,邓运来.基于末端淬火试验研究3种7000系铝合金的淬透性 [J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,(2):421.)
[20] Li C B,Zhang X M,Liu S D,Han S Q,Deng Y L.Hardenability of four homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys [J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2017,(7):1712.(李承波,张新明,刘胜胆,韩素琦,邓运来.4种均匀化态Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的淬透性 [J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,(7):1712.)
[21] Wu S Z,Yi Y P,Huang S Q,Li J,Li C.Reserch on quench sensitivity and microstructure analysis of 7050 aluminum alloy [J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2016,52(12):1503.(吴书舟,易幼平,黄始全,李俊,李晨.7050铝合金淬火敏感性研究和微观组织分析 [J].金属学报,2016,52(12):1503.)
[2] Liu S D,Li C B,Ouyang H,Deng Y L,Zhang X M,Liu X X.Quench sensitivity of ultra-high strength 7000 series aluminum alloys [J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013(4):927.(刘胜胆,李承波,欧阳惠,邓运来,张新明,刘星兴.超高强7000系铝合金的淬火敏感性 [J].中国有色金属学报,2013(4):927.)
[3] Xiong B Q,Li X W,Zhang Y A,Li Z H,Wang F,Liu H W.Development of 7xxx series aluminum alloy with high strength high toughness and low quench sensitivity [J].Materials China,2014,33(2):114.(熊柏青,李锡武,张永安,李志辉,王峰,刘红伟.高强韧低淬火敏感性7XXX系铝合金的发展 [J].中国材料进展,2014,33(2):114.)
[4] Ji H.Development and application of 7000 high strength aluminum alloys on airplane [J].Aeronautical Science and Technology,2015,(6):75.(姬浩.7000系高强铝合金的发展及其在飞机上的应用 [J].航空科学技术,2015,(6):75.)
[5] Zhang X M,Liu W J,Li H P,Liu S D,Zhang Q M.Effect of rolling deformation rate on quench sensitivity of 7050 aluminum alloy plate [J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(9):2060.(张新明,刘文军,李红萍,刘胜胆,钟奇明.轧制变形速率对7050铝合金板材淬火敏感性的影响 [J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(9):2060.)
[6] Fang Y M,Xu J,Gao Z H,Zhang Z F.Simulated and experimental study on rheo-diecasting process of 7075 aluminum alloy [J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2017,(41):1187.(房元明,徐骏,高志华,张志峰.7075铝合金流变压铸数值模拟及实验研究 [J].稀有金属,2017,(41):1187.)
[7] Jia P F,Cao Y H,He L Z,Cui J Z.Microstructure and properties of 7050 aluminum alloy with three-step homogenization [J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2014,38(5):774.(贾品峰,曹以恒,何立子,崔建忠.三级均匀化对7050铝合金微观组织和性能的影响 [J].稀有金属,2014,38(5):774.)
[8] Feng D,Zhang X M,Liu S D,Wu Z Z,Guo Y W,Yu C J.Inhonogeneity of microstructure and properties of 7A55 aluminum alloy thick plate [J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology) 2015,(8):2824.(冯迪,张新明,刘胜胆,吴泽政,郭弈文,余翠娟.7A55铝合金厚板的微观组织和性能不均匀性 [J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015(8):2824.)
[9] Zhang X M,Chen H,Liu S D,Liu W J,Huang F R.Effect of Zn and Mg mass ratio on quench sensityvity of aluminum alloy 7055 [J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2012,43(5):1656.(张新明,陈慧,刘胜胆,刘文军,皇甫融.Zn和Mg质量比对7055铝合金淬火敏感性的影响 [J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(5):1656.)
[10] Zheng Y L,Cheng-Bo L I,Liu S D,Deng Y L,Zhang X M.Effect of homogenization time on quench sensitivity of 7085 aluminum alloy [J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(7):2275.
[11] Qi X H.The effects of Minor Sc,Zr on the Quench Sensitivity of 7085 Aluminum Alloy [D].Changsha:Central South University,2013.30.(祁小红.微量Sc,Zr元素对7085铝合金淬火敏感性影响的研究 [D].长沙:中南大学,2013.30.)
[12] Chen S Y,Chen K H,Dong P X,Ye S P,Huang L P.Effect of a novel three-step aging on strength,stress corrosion cracking and microstructure of AA7085 [J].Journal of Central South University (English),2016,23(8):1858.
[13] Kanno M,Araki I,Cui Q.Precipitation behaviour of 7000 alloys during retrogression and reaging treatment [J].Materials Science & Technology,1994,10(7):599.
[14] Jiang J H.Study on Heat Treatment and Structure Property of 7056 Aluminum Alloys [D].Changsha:Central South University,2012.84.(蒋建辉.7056铝合金热处理工艺与组织性能研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.84.)
[15] Liu J T,Zhang Y A,Li X W,Li Z H,Xiong B Q,Zhang J S.Microstructure and properties of two-step aged novel 7056 aluminum alloy [J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(9):1850.(刘俊涛,张永安,李锡武,李志辉,熊柏青,张济山.新型7056铝合金双级时效的显微组织和性能 [J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(9):1850.)
[16] Wang G J,Sun L M,Li X W,Cong F G.Experimental study on microstructure and properties of 7056 aluminum alloy [J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technology,2016,44(4):45.(王国军,孙黎明,李锡武,丛福官.7056铝合金组织与性能的试验研究 [J].轻合金加工技术,2016,44(4):45.)
[17] Xu D.Microstructure of Direct-Chill Casting 7A56 Aluminum Alloy and Its Evolution During Homogenization Treatment [D].Beijing:General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,2017.102.(徐达.新型7A56铝合金半连续铸锭组织及其在均匀化过程中的演化 [D].北京:北京有色金属研究总院,2017.102.)
[18] Dong P X,Chen K H,Fang H C,Peng G S.Forming and effect of dispersoids in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Yb aluminum alloy [J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,(4):912.(董鹏轩,陈康华,方华婵,彭国胜.Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Yb铝合金中弥散相的形成和作用 [J].中国有色金属学报,2013,(4):912.)
[19] Zhang X M,Zhang D Z,Liu S D,Li C B,Deng Y L.Hardenability of three 7000 series aluminum alloys based on Jominy end quench test [J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2015,(2):421.(张新明,张端正,刘胜胆,李承波,邓运来.基于末端淬火试验研究3种7000系铝合金的淬透性 [J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,(2):421.)
[20] Li C B,Zhang X M,Liu S D,Han S Q,Deng Y L.Hardenability of four homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys [J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2017,(7):1712.(李承波,张新明,刘胜胆,韩素琦,邓运来.4种均匀化态Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的淬透性 [J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,(7):1712.)
[21] Wu S Z,Yi Y P,Huang S Q,Li J,Li C.Reserch on quench sensitivity and microstructure analysis of 7050 aluminum alloy [J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2016,52(12):1503.(吴书舟,易幼平,黄始全,李俊,李晨.7050铝合金淬火敏感性研究和微观组织分析 [J].金属学报,2016,52(12):1503.)