3种灌木直根抗剪特性及其与化学组分的关系
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摘要
以柠条、沙柳和沙棘为研究对象,测定3种灌木根系1～4mm抗剪特性及纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、综纤维素、木纤比含量,分析其化学组分对抗剪特性的影响。结果表明:3种灌木直根抗剪力、抗剪强度均存在显著差异,种间变化为柠条(172. 68N,17. 18MPa)>沙柳(124. 99N,12. 49MPa)>沙棘(68. 49N,6.76MPa),且3种直根抗剪力与直径均呈幂函数正相关,抗剪强度与直径均呈幂函数负相关。3种灌木直根化学组分含量差异显著,其中柠条纤维素、综纤维素平均含量最高,分别为35. 92%和66. 44%;木质素、木纤比平均含量整体表现为:沙棘(48. 80%、3. 22)>沙柳(30. 16%、1. 46)>柠条(20. 58%、0. 57)。3种灌木直根抗剪强度与纤维素、综纤维素含量均呈极显著正相关,这表明纤维素和综纤维素是影响灌木根系材料力学特性的主要化学组分。
Three shrubs Caragana korshinskii,Salix psammophila and Hippophae rhamnoides were studied,and the shear resistances of taproots with a diameter of 1 ～ 4 mm and cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,hemicellulose,wood fiber ratio were measured to analyze the influence of chemical constituent on shear resistance. Results show: the shear resistance and anti-shear strength of the taproots of the three shrubs are significantly different,specifically,Caragana(170. 75 N,17. 18 MPa) > Salix(124. 99 N,12. 49 MPa) > Sea buckthorn(68. 49 N,6.76) MPa). The chemical constituent contents of the taproots of the three shrubs are significantly different. Caragana has the highest cellulose and hemicellulose content,they are 35. 92% and 67. 43%,respectively. The average content of lignin,wood fiber ratio is as follows: Sea buckthorn(48. 80%,3. 22) > Salix(0. 16%,1. 46) >Caragana(20. 58%,0. 57). The cellulose and hemicellulose contents are significantly positively related with the anti-shear strength,indicating that cellulose and hemicellulose are key factors affecting the mechanical properties of the root materials of shrubs.
Three shrubs Caragana korshinskii,Salix psammophila and Hippophae rhamnoides were studied,and the shear resistances of taproots with a diameter of 1 ～ 4 mm and cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,hemicellulose,wood fiber ratio were measured to analyze the influence of chemical constituent on shear resistance. Results show: the shear resistance and anti-shear strength of the taproots of the three shrubs are significantly different,specifically,Caragana(170. 75 N,17. 18 MPa) > Salix(124. 99 N,12. 49 MPa) > Sea buckthorn(68. 49 N,6.76) MPa). The chemical constituent contents of the taproots of the three shrubs are significantly different. Caragana has the highest cellulose and hemicellulose content,they are 35. 92% and 67. 43%,respectively. The average content of lignin,wood fiber ratio is as follows: Sea buckthorn(48. 80%,3. 22) > Salix(0. 16%,1. 46) >Caragana(20. 58%,0. 57). The cellulose and hemicellulose contents are significantly positively related with the anti-shear strength,indicating that cellulose and hemicellulose are key factors affecting the mechanical properties of the root materials of shrubs.
引文
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[20]薛惠琴,杭怡琼,陈谊.稻草秸秆中木质素、纤维素测定方法的研讨[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2001(2):15.
[21]吕春娟,陈丽华,周硕,王萍花,冀晓东,张心平.不同乔木根系的抗拉力学特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(S1):329-335.
[22]王云翔,孙海龙,罗龙皂,李绍才,罗双,卢荻秋,龙凤,刘冲.人工石质边坡构树根系抗剪特性研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):114-118.
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[25]王博,刘静,王晨嘉,张欣,刘嘉伟,李强,张强.半干旱矿区3种灌木侧根分支处折力损伤后的自修复特性[J].应用生态学报,https://doi. org/10. 13287/j. 1001-9332. 2018-06-06/2018-07-10
[26]朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,李国荣,张兴玲,陈桂琛.护坡植物根系力学特性与其解剖结构关系[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(5):40-46.
[27]乔娜,余芹芹,卢海静,等.寒旱环境植物护坡力学效应与根系化学成分响应[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):108-113.
[28]朱锦奇,王云琦,王玉杰,张会兰,白雪琪,李云鹏,刘勇.根系主要成分含量对根系固土效能的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(3):166-170,177.
[29]赵庆新,袁生.植物细胞壁研究进展[J].生物学通报,2007,47(7):8-9.
[30]郭维俊,王芬娥,黄高宝,等.小麦茎秆力学性能与化学组分试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(2):110-114.
[31]余雁,江泽慧,任海青,费本华,张波.针叶材管胞纵向零距抗张强度的影响因子研究[J].中国造纸学,2007,22(3):72-76.
[2]Ji J,Kokutse N,Genet M,et al. Effect of spatial variation of tree root characteristics on slope stability. A case study on Black Locust(Robinia pseudoacacia)and Arborvitae(Platycladus orientalis)stands on the Loess Plateau,China[J]. Catena,2012,92(1):139-154.
[3]程洪,颜传盛,李建庆,刘爱平,杨小洁.草本植物根系网的固土机制模式与力学试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2006(1):62-65.
[4]蒋坤云,陈丽华,盖小刚,杨苑君.华北护坡阔叶树种根系抗拉性能与其微观结构的关系[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(3):115-123.
[5]朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,李国荣,盛海彦,陈桂琛.青藏高原黄土区护坡灌木植物根系力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(S2):3445-3452.
[6]叶超,郭忠录,蔡崇法,闫峰陵,马中浩. 5种草本植物根系理化特性及其相关性[J].草业科学,2017,34(3):598-606.
[7]Khan Y A,Lateh H. Plant Root Reinforcement Against Local Failure Mechanism of Natural Slope[A]//Lollino G,Giordan D,Crosta G B et al.Engineering Geology for Society and Territory-Volume 2[M]. Switzerland:Springer,2015:1275-1280.
[8]Pollen N,Simon A. Estimating the mechanical effects of riparian vegetation on stream bank stability using a fiber bundle model[J]. Water Resource Research,2005,41(7):25-32.
[9]刘福全,刘静,瑙珉,姚喜军,郑永刚,李有芳,苏禹,王晨嘉.植物枝叶与根系耦合固土抗蚀的差异性[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):411-418.
[10]邢会文,刘静,王林和,姚喜军,王成龙,张永亮,周丹丹.柠条、沙柳根与土及土与土界面摩擦特性[J].摩擦学学报,2010,30(1):87-91.
[11]Saifuddin M,Osman N,Motior Rahman M,et al. Soil reinforcement capability of two legume species from plant morphological traits and mechanical properties[J]. Current Science,2015,108(7):1340-1347.
[12]刘鹏飞,刘静,朱宏慧,张欣,张格,李有芳,苏禹,王晨嘉. 4种植物生长旺盛期侧根分支处与相邻上级直根抗折特性的差异[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):33-39.
[13]Hathaway R L,David Penny. Root strength in some Populus and Salix clones[J]. New Zealand Journal of Botany,1975,13(3):12.
[14]Zhang C B,Chen L H,Jiang J. Why fine tree roots are stronger than thicker roots:The role of cellulose and lignin in relation to slope stability[J]. Geomorphology,2014,206:196-202.
[15]吕春娟,陈丽华.华北典型植被根系抗拉力学特性及其与主要化学成分关系[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(23):69-78.
[16]赵丽兵,张宝贵.紫花苜蓿和马唐根的生物力学性能及相关因素的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(9):7-12.
[17]Genet M,Stokes A,Salin F,et al. The influence of cellulose content on tensile strength in tree roots[J]. Plant&Soil,2005,278(1-2):1-9.
[18]王林风,程远超.硝酸乙醇法测定纤维素含量[J].化学研究,2011,22(4):52-55,71.
[19]熊素敏,左秀凤,朱永义.稻壳中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的测定[J].粮食与饲料工业,2005(8):40-41.
[20]薛惠琴,杭怡琼,陈谊.稻草秸秆中木质素、纤维素测定方法的研讨[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2001(2):15.
[21]吕春娟,陈丽华,周硕,王萍花,冀晓东,张心平.不同乔木根系的抗拉力学特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(S1):329-335.
[22]王云翔,孙海龙,罗龙皂,李绍才,罗双,卢荻秋,龙凤,刘冲.人工石质边坡构树根系抗剪特性研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):114-118.
[23]刘鹏飞. 4种植物侧根分支处抗折力学特性的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016.
[24]李有芳. 3种植物根系承受瞬时拉力愈伤后的抗拉力学特性[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017.
[25]王博,刘静,王晨嘉,张欣,刘嘉伟,李强,张强.半干旱矿区3种灌木侧根分支处折力损伤后的自修复特性[J].应用生态学报,https://doi. org/10. 13287/j. 1001-9332. 2018-06-06/2018-07-10
[26]朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,李国荣,张兴玲,陈桂琛.护坡植物根系力学特性与其解剖结构关系[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(5):40-46.
[27]乔娜,余芹芹,卢海静,等.寒旱环境植物护坡力学效应与根系化学成分响应[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):108-113.
[28]朱锦奇,王云琦,王玉杰,张会兰,白雪琪,李云鹏,刘勇.根系主要成分含量对根系固土效能的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(3):166-170,177.
[29]赵庆新,袁生.植物细胞壁研究进展[J].生物学通报,2007,47(7):8-9.
[30]郭维俊,王芬娥,黄高宝,等.小麦茎秆力学性能与化学组分试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(2):110-114.
[31]余雁,江泽慧,任海青,费本华,张波.针叶材管胞纵向零距抗张强度的影响因子研究[J].中国造纸学,2007,22(3):72-76.
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