西安市各功能区7月大气降尘中多环芳烃污染特征及风险评价
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摘要
为了解西安市7月大气降尘中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征,在对西安市各功能区7月大气降尘样品采集的基础上,测定分析了样品中PAHs的含量、组成、来源、生态健康风险及其与总有机碳(TOC)的关系。结果表明:(1)西安市7月大气降尘中PAHs为0.92～20.60μg/g,平均值为8.10μg/g,其中荧蒽、菲、芘、和苯并[a]芘含量相对较大。各功能区大气降尘中PAHs主要以4环为主。(2)PAHs与TOC之间存在显著相关性,而各单体PAHs与TOC呈现不同程度的相关性。(3)西安市7月大气降尘中PAHs主要来源于机动车排放、燃煤和低温燃烧。(4)依据终生癌症风险增量(ILCR)模型,大气降尘中PAHs对不同暴露人群的风险值均为10~(-6)～10~(-4),存在人体可耐受致癌风险。生态风险评价显示,大气降尘中PAHs污染存在潜在生态风险。
To understand the pollution properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in July atmospheric dustfall of Xi'an,the concentration,composition,source,ecological and health risk of PAHs,as well as the relationship between PAHs and total organic carbon(TOC)were analyzed based on the dustfall samples collected from different functional areas of Xi'an in July.The results show that:(1)the content of PAHs in the samples ranged from 0.92 to 20.60μg/g with an average of 8.10μg/g.The contents of fluoranthene,phenanthrene,pyrene,chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene were relatively large.PAHs in dustfall from different functional areas mainly composed of 4 rings.(2)There was significant correlation between PAHs and TOC,while the correlations between individual PAHs and TOC were different.(3)Source identification showed that the PAHs in July dustfall from Xi'an mainly originated from motor vehicle exhaust,coal burning and low temperature combusition.(4)The incremental life cancer risk(ILCR)values for different exposure groups ranged from 10~(-6) to 10~(-4),indicated that people's health was at tolerable risk from exposer to the PAHs.The ecological risk assessment indicated a potential ecological risk of PAHs pollution dustfall.
To understand the pollution properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in July atmospheric dustfall of Xi'an,the concentration,composition,source,ecological and health risk of PAHs,as well as the relationship between PAHs and total organic carbon(TOC)were analyzed based on the dustfall samples collected from different functional areas of Xi'an in July.The results show that:(1)the content of PAHs in the samples ranged from 0.92 to 20.60μg/g with an average of 8.10μg/g.The contents of fluoranthene,phenanthrene,pyrene,chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene were relatively large.PAHs in dustfall from different functional areas mainly composed of 4 rings.(2)There was significant correlation between PAHs and TOC,while the correlations between individual PAHs and TOC were different.(3)Source identification showed that the PAHs in July dustfall from Xi'an mainly originated from motor vehicle exhaust,coal burning and low temperature combusition.(4)The incremental life cancer risk(ILCR)values for different exposure groups ranged from 10~(-6) to 10~(-4),indicated that people's health was at tolerable risk from exposer to the PAHs.The ecological risk assessment indicated a potential ecological risk of PAHs pollution dustfall.
引文
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[26]张云,张成君.兰州市大气降尘中PAHs分布与生态风险评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2008,20(5):20-32.
[2]QI S H,YAN J,ZHANG G,et al.Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerosols and dustfall in Macao[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2001,72:115-127.
[3]HE Q S,ZHANG L,CUI Y,et al.Particle dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its risk assessment in a typical coal-polluted and basin city,northern China[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2017,8(4):1081-1089.
[4]LIAN J,REN Y,CHEN J,et al.Distribution and source of alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dustfall in Shanghai,China:the effect on the coastal area[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2009,82(2):189-193.
[5]ZHANG J Q,QU C K,QI S H,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in atmospheric dustfall from the industrial corridor in Hubei Province,Central China[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2015,37(5):891-903.
[6]SHI J W,PENG Y,LI W F,et al.Characterization and source identification of PM10bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air of Tianjin,China[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2010,10(5):507-518.
[7]张树才,沈亚婷,王开颜,等.北京东南郊大气中多环芳烃的沉降[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(4):28-33.
[8]刘炎坤,汪青,刘敏,等.上海市大气沉降物中多环芳烃赋存特征及其来源[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(9):2605-2614.
[9]吴水平,兰天,左谦,等.天津地区一些降尘中多环芳烃的含量与分布[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(6).
[10]马东华.兰州市大气降尘中PAHs主要来源及其分布特征[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(4):101-105.
[11]谭新文.重庆市降尘分布及其中多环芳烃污染特征研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.
[12]崔阳.太原市干湿沉降中PAHs的特征来源及风险评价[D].太原:太原科技大学,2012.
[13]袁宏林,范雅文,王晓昌.西安市城区持久性有机污染物的干湿沉降[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1358-1364.
[14]李文慧,张承中,马万里,等.西安采暖季大气中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2010,31(7):1432-1437.
[15]周燕,卢新卫.西安市公园土壤多环芳烃污染特征、来源及风险评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(11).
[16]PENG C,CHEN W,LIAO X,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of Beijing:status,sources,distribution and potential risk[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(3):802-808.
[17]USEPA.Exposure factors handbook[R].Washington,D.C.:USEPA,1997.
[18]刘贵荣,史国良,张普,等.成都市PM10中多环芳烃来源识别及毒性评估[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(10):2479-2484.
[19]王丽,王利军,史兴民,等.西安市地表灰尘中多环芳烃分布特征与来源解析[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1279-1286.
[20]陈宇云,朱利中.杭州市多环芳烃的干、湿沉降[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(7):1720-1723.
[21]赵靖宇,王文涛,王伟,等.华北地区城镇多环芳烃干沉降特征[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(7):1358-1363.
[22]毕丽玫,郝吉明,宁平,等.昆明城区大气PM2.5中PAHs的污染特征及来源分析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(3):659-667.
[23]SIMCIK M F,EISENREICH S J,LIOY P J.Source apportionment and source/sink relationships of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan Chi[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(30).
[24]HARRISON R M,SMITH D J T,LUHANA L.Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham,UK[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1996,37(5):825-832.
[25]KHALILI N R,SCHEFF P A,HOLSEN T M.PAHs source fingerprints for coke ovens,diesel and,gasoline engines,highway tunnels,and wood combustion emissions[J].Atmospheric Environment,1995,29(4).
[26]张云,张成君.兰州市大气降尘中PAHs分布与生态风险评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2008,20(5):20-32.