种子处理与穗期喷雾联合应用对小麦主要病虫害的防控及增产效果评价
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摘要
[目的]评价种子处理与抽穗扬花期一喷多防一体化防控技术对小麦主要病虫害的防控及增产效果。[方法]在进行土壤深松处理的基础上,采用吡虫啉加苯醚甲环唑混合拌种与抽穗扬花期一喷多防联合应用的措施,调查该技术对小麦纹枯病、根腐病、锈病、白粉病、麦蜘蛛、麦蚜等病虫害的防效及增产效果。[结果]种子处理对纹枯病、根腐病、麦蜘蛛、麦蚜的防效分别可达90.4%、89.5%、73.3%和87.9%;后期一喷多防后21 d,对锈病、白粉病的防效达96.2%和99.9%,麦蚜防效98.6%,持效期长、药效极显著。同时,应用该套防控技术可以获得显著的增产效果,其中单用种子处理技术可增产13.9%,与一喷多防联合使用后可将增产幅度提升至35.2%。[结果]该一体化防控技术值得大力推广。
[Objective]To evaluate the prevention and control effect of wheat main diseases and insect pests by combined application of seed treatment and spike spray and its yield increasing effect.[Method]On the basis of soil subsoiling treatment, the integrated prevention and control method of imidacloprid and Difenoconazole mixed seed dressing and spraying at heading and flowering stage was used to investigate the control effects of this technology on wheat sheath blight, root rot, rust, powdery mildew,wheat spider and wheat aphid and its yield increasing effect.[Result]The control effects of seed treatment on, sheath blight, root rot, wheat spider and wheat aphid were 90.4%, 89.5%, 73.3% and87.9% respectively. 21 days after spraying, the control effect on rust and powdery mildew was 96.2% and 99.9%, and the control effect on wheat aphid was98.6%. The effect lasted for a long time and was very significant. The application of this integrated prevention and control method could achieve remarkable yield increase effect. The yield could be increased by 13.9% by using seed treatment alone and 35.2% by using seed treatment combined with spraying. [Conclusion]The integrated prevention and control technology deserved to be vigorously promoted.
[Objective]To evaluate the prevention and control effect of wheat main diseases and insect pests by combined application of seed treatment and spike spray and its yield increasing effect.[Method]On the basis of soil subsoiling treatment, the integrated prevention and control method of imidacloprid and Difenoconazole mixed seed dressing and spraying at heading and flowering stage was used to investigate the control effects of this technology on wheat sheath blight, root rot, rust, powdery mildew,wheat spider and wheat aphid and its yield increasing effect.[Result]The control effects of seed treatment on, sheath blight, root rot, wheat spider and wheat aphid were 90.4%, 89.5%, 73.3% and87.9% respectively. 21 days after spraying, the control effect on rust and powdery mildew was 96.2% and 99.9%, and the control effect on wheat aphid was98.6%. The effect lasted for a long time and was very significant. The application of this integrated prevention and control method could achieve remarkable yield increase effect. The yield could be increased by 13.9% by using seed treatment alone and 35.2% by using seed treatment combined with spraying. [Conclusion]The integrated prevention and control technology deserved to be vigorously promoted.
引文
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[11]霍治国,白月明,李光华,等.冬小麦土壤深松保墒增产效应试验研究[J].应用气象学报,2000,11(S1):145-154.
[12]王法宏,王旭清,任德昌,等.土壤深松对小麦根系活性的垂直分布及旗叶衰老的影响[J].核农学报,2013,17(1):56-61.
[13]党志红,李耀发,潘文亮,等.吡虫啉拌种防治小麦蚜虫技术及安全性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(6):1676-1681.
[14]陈立涛,高军,王永芳,等.70%吡虫啉种子处理可分散粉剂拌种对麦蚜的防控效果[J].河北农业科学,2018,22(1):42-45.
[15]闫晓静,许月,高圆圆,等.三唑酮和苯醚甲环唑种子处理对小麦安全性和产量的影响研究[J].农药科学与管理,2013,34(1):52-57.
[16]张贵锋.我国到2020年农药使用量零增长行动方案[J].新农业,2015(21):31-35.
[2]陈万权.小麦重大病虫害综合防治技术体系[J].植物保护,2013,39(5):16-24:
[3]徐芳,齐永志,张书敏,等.新耕作制度下河北省冬小麦病虫草害发生状况的研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(21):199-203.
[4]袁淑红.河北地区小麦病虫害防治技术[J].北京农业,2014(3):107
[5]刘全忠,孙忠平.小麦“一喷三防”技术的形成和发展历程[J].农业技术与装备,2013(10):61,63
[6]赵广才,常旭虹,王德梅,等.小麦一喷三防技术[J].作物杂志,2013(2):120-122.
[7]翟国英,崔栗,崔彦,等.河北省实施小麦“一喷三防”的实践与思考[J].河北农业科学,2014,18(1):50-52.
[8]侯生英,张贵.小麦根腐病产量损失及经济阈值研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,33(1):76-78.
[9]周海峰,杨云,牛亚娟,等.小麦茎基腐病的发生动态与防治技术[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(5):114-117
[10]纪莉景,栗秋生,王连生,等.河北省小麦冠腐病发生现状及病原菌初探[J].植物保护,2016,42(5):154-157.
[11]霍治国,白月明,李光华,等.冬小麦土壤深松保墒增产效应试验研究[J].应用气象学报,2000,11(S1):145-154.
[12]王法宏,王旭清,任德昌,等.土壤深松对小麦根系活性的垂直分布及旗叶衰老的影响[J].核农学报,2013,17(1):56-61.
[13]党志红,李耀发,潘文亮,等.吡虫啉拌种防治小麦蚜虫技术及安全性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(6):1676-1681.
[14]陈立涛,高军,王永芳,等.70%吡虫啉种子处理可分散粉剂拌种对麦蚜的防控效果[J].河北农业科学,2018,22(1):42-45.
[15]闫晓静,许月,高圆圆,等.三唑酮和苯醚甲环唑种子处理对小麦安全性和产量的影响研究[J].农药科学与管理,2013,34(1):52-57.
[16]张贵锋.我国到2020年农药使用量零增长行动方案[J].新农业,2015(21):31-35.