北京北运河水系夏季底栖动物功能摄食类群与环境因子的关系
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摘要
【目的】评价北京北运河水系河流生态系统状态,分析底栖动物群落与环境因子之间的相关性。【方法】2015年6月对北京地区夏季北运河水系33个样点的大型底栖动物群落结构和水环境理化因子特征进行野外调查,基于香浓维纳指数、均匀度指数、底栖动物功能摄食类群的划分以及典范对应分析等方法,分析底栖动物群落组成和空间结构特征。【结果】共鉴定出底栖动物3门23种,各采样点位平均密度为1037.35 ind/L,香浓维纳指数平均值为0.88,均匀度平均值为0.41。全区大型底栖动物共划分成5类功能摄食类群,其中刮食者物种数占绝对优势,滤食者密度占绝对优势。典范对应分析表明,夏季影响北运河底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因子是水温和p H。【结论】北运河水系底栖动物群落香浓维纳指数较低,水体污染较为严重。
【Objective】To evaluate the state of river ecosystem in the North Canal in Beijing, and analyze the relationship between benthic community and environmental factors.【Method】The community structure and the spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthos can reflect the characteristics of the environment. The objective of the study was to show the relationship between the community structure of macrobenthos and the associated environmental factors, based on independent sample test method, scatter plot analysis method, classification of macrobenthos functional feeding groups, Canonical correspondence analysis and other methods in North Canal in June 2015. 【Result】We had identified 33 macrobenthos species in summer. The average values of macrobenthos densities, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were 1037.35 ind./L, 0.88 and 0.41 respectively. Overall, we categorized these taxa into following five functional groups, the highest number of Scrapers and the highest density of Filter-collectors were found. Canonical correspondence analysis results showed that macrobenthos community structure was largely determined by the interactions between temperature and p H in summer in North Canal. 【Conclusion】North Canal macrobenthos diversity index was relatively low, and the water were in a state of heavy pollution.
【Objective】To evaluate the state of river ecosystem in the North Canal in Beijing, and analyze the relationship between benthic community and environmental factors.【Method】The community structure and the spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthos can reflect the characteristics of the environment. The objective of the study was to show the relationship between the community structure of macrobenthos and the associated environmental factors, based on independent sample test method, scatter plot analysis method, classification of macrobenthos functional feeding groups, Canonical correspondence analysis and other methods in North Canal in June 2015. 【Result】We had identified 33 macrobenthos species in summer. The average values of macrobenthos densities, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were 1037.35 ind./L, 0.88 and 0.41 respectively. Overall, we categorized these taxa into following five functional groups, the highest number of Scrapers and the highest density of Filter-collectors were found. Canonical correspondence analysis results showed that macrobenthos community structure was largely determined by the interactions between temperature and p H in summer in North Canal. 【Conclusion】North Canal macrobenthos diversity index was relatively low, and the water were in a state of heavy pollution.
引文
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[20]寿鹿,曾江宁,廖一波,等.瓯江口海域大型底栖动物分布及其与环境的关系[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(8):1958-1964.
[2]高欣,牛翠娟,胡忠军.太湖流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3329-3336.
[3]殷旭旺,李庆南,朱美桦,等.渭河丰、枯水期底栖动物群落特征及综合健康评价[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4784-4796.
[4]殷旭旺,徐宗学,高欣,等.渭河流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):218-226.
[5]KOSKENNIEMI E.The role of chironomids(Diptera)in the profundal macrozoobenthos in Finnish reservoirs[J].Netherland Journal of Aquatic Ecology,1992,26(2/3/4):503-508.
[6]BARBOUR M T,GERRITSEN J,SNYDER B D,et al.Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers:periphyton,benthic macroinvertebrates and fish[M].2nd ed.Washington,DC:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Water,1999.
[7]渠晓东,张远,吴乃成,等.人为活动对冈曲河大型底栖动物空间分布的影响[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(3):304-311.
[8]张敏,邵美玲,蔡庆华,等.丹江口水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(2):281-290.
[9]BODE R W,NOVAK M A,ABELE L E.Quality assurance workplan for biology stream monitoring in New York state[R].Albany,NY:NYS Department of Environmental Conservation,2002.
[10]蒋万祥,蔡庆华,唐涛,等.香溪河水系大型底栖动物功能摄食类群生态学[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5207-5218.
[11]孟伟,张远,渠晓东,等.河流生态调查技术方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[12]王桢瑞.中国动物志—软体动物门—双壳纲[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[13]韩茂森,束蕴芳.中国淡水生物图谱[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995.
[14]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[15]王博涵,李文香,项珍龙,等,济南地区河流浮游植物功能群与环境因子的关系[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(5):524-530.
[16]YOSHIMURA C,TOCKNER K,OMURA T,et al.Species diversity and functional assessment of macroinvertebrate communities in Austrian rivers[J].Limnology,2006,7(2):63-74.
[17]HAAPALA A,MUOTKA T,LAASONEN P.Distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates and leaf litter in relation to streambed retentivity:implications for Headwater stream restoration[J].Boreal Environment Research,2003,8:19-30.
[18]吴召仕,蔡永久,陈宇炜,等.太湖流域主要河流大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(5):686-694.
[19]王银东,熊邦喜,陈才保,等.环境因子对底栖动物生命活动的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2005,24(3):253-257;280.
[20]寿鹿,曾江宁,廖一波,等.瓯江口海域大型底栖动物分布及其与环境的关系[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(8):1958-1964.
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