北运河水系大型底栖动物摄食功能群多样性及时空分布特征
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摘要
目的为分析北运河水系不同季节大型底栖动物的时空分布特征,2015年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(11月)对北京地区相同的17个采样点位的大型底栖动物群落结构和水环境因子特征进行了调查.方法基于香浓维纳指数、均匀度指数、大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的划分以及典范对应分析等方法,分析了大型底栖动物功能摄食类群组成和空间结构特征.结果春季、夏季和秋季采集到大型底栖动物19、20和21种,密度平均值为1.79×103、1.14×103和0.63×103 ind·m-2;香浓维纳指数平均值分别为1.01、1.30和1.80;均匀度指数平均值分别为0.36、0.32和0.55.全地区共划分出大型底栖动物功能摄食类群5类,3个季节中滤食者和收集者密度均占绝对优势.典范对应分析表明,春季影响北运河水系大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因子是氨氮和pH;夏季影响北运河水系大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因子是氨氮;秋季影响北运河水系大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因子是水温.结论北运河水系水体受到了一定污染.
Aims To know the community structure characteristics of macroinvertebrate,in spring(May),summer(Aguest)and autumn(November)of 2015,17 sampling sites of North Canal was investigated.Methods the objective of the study was to show the relationship between the community structure of phytoplankton and the associated environmental factors,based on Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou index,classification of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groupand Canonical correspondence analysis and other methods in North Canal.Results The average values of macroinvertebratenumber,densities,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index ranged from 19 to 21,0.63×10~3 ind·m-2 to 1.79×10~3 ind·m-2,from 1.01 to 1.80,from 0.32 to 0.55 from spring to autumn,respectively.Overall,we categorized these taxa into following five functional groups,Gather-collectors and Filter-collectors are main species.Canonical correspondence analysis results showed that macroinvertebrate community structure was largely determined by the interactions between pH and NH3-Nin spring in North Canal.NH3-Nwas themain environmental factors limitation of macroinvertebrate community structure in summer in North Canal.Inautumn,the primarily environmental factors limiting macroinvertebrate community was Tin North Canal.Conclusion The water of North Canal was in a state of pollution.
Aims To know the community structure characteristics of macroinvertebrate,in spring(May),summer(Aguest)and autumn(November)of 2015,17 sampling sites of North Canal was investigated.Methods the objective of the study was to show the relationship between the community structure of phytoplankton and the associated environmental factors,based on Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou index,classification of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groupand Canonical correspondence analysis and other methods in North Canal.Results The average values of macroinvertebratenumber,densities,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index ranged from 19 to 21,0.63×10~3 ind·m-2 to 1.79×10~3 ind·m-2,from 1.01 to 1.80,from 0.32 to 0.55 from spring to autumn,respectively.Overall,we categorized these taxa into following five functional groups,Gather-collectors and Filter-collectors are main species.Canonical correspondence analysis results showed that macroinvertebrate community structure was largely determined by the interactions between pH and NH3-Nin spring in North Canal.NH3-Nwas themain environmental factors limitation of macroinvertebrate community structure in summer in North Canal.Inautumn,the primarily environmental factors limiting macroinvertebrate community was Tin North Canal.Conclusion The water of North Canal was in a state of pollution.
引文
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[23]吕光俊,熊邦喜,刘敏,等.不同营养类型水库大型底栖动物的群落结构特征及其水质评价[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5339-5349.
[24]段学花,王兆印,徐梦珍.底栖动物与河流生态评价[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010:47-91.
[25]MERIGOUX S,DOLEDEC S.Hydraulic requirements of stream communities:a case study on invertebrates[J].Freshwater Biology,2004,49:600-613.
[26]CUMMINS K W,WILZBACH M A,GATES D M,et al.Shredders and riparian vegetation[J].Bio Science,1989,39:24-30.
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[29]赵进勇,董哲仁,孙东亚.河流生物栖息地评估研究进展[J].科技导报(北京),2008,26(17):82-88.
[30]寿鹿,曾江宁,廖一波,等.瓯江口海域大型底栖动物分布及其与环境的关系[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(8):1958-1964.
[31]吴东浩,于海燕,吴海燕,等.基于大型底栖无脊椎动物确定河流营养盐浓度阈值:以西苕溪上游流域为例[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(2):483-488.
[32]渠晓东,张远,吴乃成,等.人为活动对冈曲河大型底栖动物空间分布的影响[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(3):304-311.
[2]JOWETT I G.Hydraulic constraints on habitat suitability for benthic invertebrates in gravel-bed rivers[J].River Research and Applications,2003,19:495-507.
[3]Cummins K W.Structure and function of stream ecosystems[J].BioScience,1974,24:631-641.
[4]WRIGHT J F.Development and use of a system for predicting the macroinvertebrate fauna in flowing waters[J].Australian Journal of E-cology,1995,20:181-197.
[5]GAO Xin,NIU Cuijuan,CHEN Yushun,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of stream environmental conditions and macroinvertebrates community in an agriculture dominated watershed and management implications for a large river(the Liao River,China)basin[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2014,186:2375-2391.
[6]QU Xiaodong,TANG Tao,XIE Zhicai,et al.Distribution of the macroinvertebrate communities in the Xiangxi River system and relationships with environmental factors[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2005,20:233-238.
[7]殷旭旺,徐宗学,高欣,等.渭河流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):218-226.
[8]BEAUGER A,LAIR N,REYES-MARCHANT P,et al.The distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a reach of the River Allier,in relation to riverbed characteristics[J].Hydrobiologia,2006,571:63-76.
[9]BIGGS B J F,NIKORA V I,SNELDER T H.Linking scales of flow variability to lotic ecosystem structure and function[J].River Research and Applications,2005,21:283-298.
[10]MOLLES M C.Trichopteran communities of streams associated with aspen and conifer forests long-term structural change Ecology[J].E-cology,1982,63:1-6.
[11]官昭瑛,何莹,安玉蓉,等.外来植物凋落物分解对底栖动物多样性及其摄食功能群的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(11):2828-2835.
[12]蒋万祥,蔡庆华,唐涛,等.香溪河水系大型底栖动物功能摄食类群生态学[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5207-5218.
[13]王桢瑞.中国动物志-软体动物门-双壳纲[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[14]王艳杰.辽河流域大型底栖动物群落特征与生境指标关系[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2012.
[15]张敏,邵美玲,蔡庆华,等.丹江口水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(2):281-290.
[16]殷旭旺,李庆南,朱美桦,等.渭河丰、枯水期大型底栖动物群落特征及综合健康评价[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4784-4796.
[17]高欣,牛翠娟,胡忠军.太湖流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报.2011,22(12):3329-3336.
[18]刘保元,梁小民.太平湖水库的底栖动物[J].湖泊科学.1997,9(3):237-243.
[19]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[20]蒋万祥,贾兴焕,周淑婵,等.香溪河大型底栖动物群落结构季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(4):923-928.
[21]段学花,王兆印,徐梦珍.底栖动物与河流生态评价[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010:47-91.
[22]王银东,熊邦喜,陈才保,等.环境因子对底栖动物生命活动的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报,2005,24(3)253-257.
[23]吕光俊,熊邦喜,刘敏,等.不同营养类型水库大型底栖动物的群落结构特征及其水质评价[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5339-5349.
[24]段学花,王兆印,徐梦珍.底栖动物与河流生态评价[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010:47-91.
[25]MERIGOUX S,DOLEDEC S.Hydraulic requirements of stream communities:a case study on invertebrates[J].Freshwater Biology,2004,49:600-613.
[26]CUMMINS K W,WILZBACH M A,GATES D M,et al.Shredders and riparian vegetation[J].Bio Science,1989,39:24-30.
[27]DOBSON M.Microhabitat as a determinant of diversity:stream invertebrates colonizing leaf packs[J].Freshwater Biology,1994,32:565-572.
[28]HAAPALA A,MUOTKA T,LAASONEN P.Distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates and leaf litter in relation to stream bed retentivity implications for head water stream restoration[J].Boreal Environmental Research,2003,8:19-30.
[29]赵进勇,董哲仁,孙东亚.河流生物栖息地评估研究进展[J].科技导报(北京),2008,26(17):82-88.
[30]寿鹿,曾江宁,廖一波,等.瓯江口海域大型底栖动物分布及其与环境的关系[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(8):1958-1964.
[31]吴东浩,于海燕,吴海燕,等.基于大型底栖无脊椎动物确定河流营养盐浓度阈值:以西苕溪上游流域为例[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(2):483-488.
[32]渠晓东,张远,吴乃成,等.人为活动对冈曲河大型底栖动物空间分布的影响[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(3):304-311.
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