北方设施栽培条件下氮素水平对辣木幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
为了明确辣木幼苗速生期氮素需求规律,在北方设施条件下,通过设置5个氮素水平处理,研究施氮对辣木幼苗株高、地径生长及其叶片N、P、K养分含量、色素含量及光合特性等方面的变化特征。结果显示,随着氮素水平增加,辣木株高、地径、叶片N、P、chla、类胡萝卜素、总色素含量及光量子效率(Q)呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,光补偿点(Lcp)呈先下降后上升趋势;株高生长与叶片P及chla显著相关,地径与暗呼吸速率(RD)及叶片K含量显著相关;当氮素水平在30 g·株~(-1)(N_3)时,辣木生长速度最快,植株养分状况较好、光能利用率最佳。
In order to clarify the rule of Moringa oleifera for nitrogen demand on fast-growing period,the experiment was carried out under five nitrogen level gradients applied on Moringa seedling,and to study the difference of characteristics on the growth of height,ground diameter,the contents of N,P,K in leaf,the contents of blade pigment and photosynthetic characteristics.The result showed that the height,ground diameter,N,P,chla,total pigment,carotenoid in leaf and photo-quantum efficiency rose first and descended later accompanied with nitrogen level increasing,while the light compensation point showed the contrary.Plant height growth was significantly correlated with leaf P and chla,and ground diameter was significantly correlated with dark respiration rate and leaf K content.When the nitrogen level was in 30 g·ind.~(-1)(N_3),M.oleifera seedling growth was the fastest,the plant nutrient status was better,and the utilization rate of light was the best.
In order to clarify the rule of Moringa oleifera for nitrogen demand on fast-growing period,the experiment was carried out under five nitrogen level gradients applied on Moringa seedling,and to study the difference of characteristics on the growth of height,ground diameter,the contents of N,P,K in leaf,the contents of blade pigment and photosynthetic characteristics.The result showed that the height,ground diameter,N,P,chla,total pigment,carotenoid in leaf and photo-quantum efficiency rose first and descended later accompanied with nitrogen level increasing,while the light compensation point showed the contrary.Plant height growth was significantly correlated with leaf P and chla,and ground diameter was significantly correlated with dark respiration rate and leaf K content.When the nitrogen level was in 30 g·ind.~(-1)(N_3),M.oleifera seedling growth was the fastest,the plant nutrient status was better,and the utilization rate of light was the best.
引文
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13.林宗铿,张汉荣,陈振东.辣木引种试种研究初报[J].福建热作科技,2014,39(4):1-4.Lin Z K,Zhang H R,Chen Z D.The preliminary report on study introduction and cultivation of Moringa oleifera[J].Fujian Science&Technology of Tropical Crops,2014,39(4):1-4.
14.杨焱,刘昌芬,龙继明.不同栽培基质对辣木农艺性状的影响[J].热带农业科技,2014,37(2):17-20.Yang Y,Liu C F,Long J M.Effects of different media on agronomic traits of Moringa oleifera[J].Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,2014,37(2):17-20.
15.吕晓静,任安祥,王羽梅.不同光照强度下辣木光合作用及与其相关生理指标的日变化[J].植物生理学通讯,2009,45(2):142-144.LǖX J,Ren A X,Wang Y M.Diurnal variation of photosynthesis and related physiological index of Moringa oleifera at different light-intensities[J].Plant Physiology Communications,2009,45(2):142-144.
16.杨焱.喷施叶面肥对棚栽辣木生长和产量的影响[J].热带农业科技,2011,34(3):25-27,41.Yang Y.The effect of different foliar fertilizers on growth and yield of Moringa oleifera in greenhouse[J].Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,2011,34(3):25-27,41.
17.姚其盛.气雾栽培条件下药食植物辣木生长及品质研究[D].广州:广州中医药大学,2012.Yao Q S.The research of aerosol cultivation on the growth and quality of medicinal and edible plant Moringa oleifera[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,2012.
18.邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.Zou Q.Experimental Guidebook to Plant Physiology and Biochemistry[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995.
19.鲍士旦.土壤农化分析:3版[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:12.Bao S D.Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis:3rd ed[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:12.
20.李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.Li H S.Principles and techniques of plant physiological biochemical experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000.
21.王秀伟,毛子军.7个光响应曲线模型对不同植物种的实用性[J].植物研究,2009,29(1):43-48.Wang X W,Mao Z J.Practicability of 7 light responsive curve models to different plant species[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2009,29(1):43-48.
22.Ingestad T,Agren G I.The influence of plant nutrition on biomass allocation[J].Ecological Applications,1991,1(2):168-174.
23.徐海军,孙广玉,周志强,等.氮素水平对五味子幼苗生长的影响[J].国土与自然资源研究,2011,(1):71-73.Xu H J,Sun G Y,Zhou Z Q,et al.Effects of different nitrogen-levels on growth of Schisandra chinensis seedlings[J].Territory&Natural Resources Study,2011,(1):71-73.
24.匡鹤凌.氮素水平对喜树生长、生理及喜树碱产量的影响[D].南京:南京林业大学,2016.Kuang H L.Influence of nitrogen levels on the growth and camptothecin content of Camptotheca acuminata seedlings[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2016.
25.陈雅君,闫庆伟,张璐,等.氮素与植物生长相关研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(4):144-148.Chen Y J,Yan Q W,Zhang L,et al.Research progress on nitrogen and plant growth[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2013,44(4):144-148.
26.李孟春.氮素对两种杨树生理生化特性及木材品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.Li M C.N utilization and wood structure changes in fastand slow-growing Populus species under nitrogen fertilization[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012.
27.Evans J R.Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3plants[J].Oecologia,1989,78(1):9-19.
28.Cruz J L,Mosquim P R,Pelacani C R,et al.Photosynthesis impairment in cassava leaves in response to nitrogen deficiency[J].Plant and Soil,2003,257(2):417-423.
29.杨铁钊,林彩丽,丁永乐,等.不同基因型烟草对氮素营养响应的差异研究[J].烟草科技,2001(6):32-35.Yang T Z,Lin C L,Ding Y L,et al.Study on response of different tobacco genotypes to nitrogen nutrition[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2001(6):32-35.
30.段巍巍,李慧玲,肖凯,等.氮肥对玉米穗位叶光合作用及其生理生化特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2007,22(1):26-29.Duan W W,Li H L,Xiao K,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on photosyntheis and its physiological and biochemical characteristics in ear-leaf of maize[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2007,22(1):26-29.
31.曹翠玲,李生秀,苗芳.氮素对植物某些生理生化过程影响的研究进展[J].西北农业大学学报,1999,27(4):96-101.Cao C L,Li S X,Miao F.The research situation about effects of nitrogen on certain physiological and biochemical process in plants[J].Acta Universitatis Agriculturalis Boreali-Occidentalis,1999,27(4):96-101.
2.Crawford N M,Glass A D M.Molecular and physiological aspects of nitrate uptake in plants[J].Trends in Plant Science,1998,3(10):389-395.
3.徐海军,孙广玉,张悦,等.不同氮素形态比例对五味子幼苗生长特性的影响[J].植物研究,2010,30(1):51-56.Xu H J,Sun G Y,Zhang Y,e al.Effects of different nitrogen-form proportions on the growth of Schisandra chinensis seedlings[J].Bulletin Botanical Research,2010,30(1):51-56.
4.吴楚,王政权,孙海龙,等.氮磷供给对长白落叶松叶绿素合成、叶绿素荧光和光合速率的影响[J].林业科学,2005,41(4):31-36.Wu C,Wang Z Q,Sun H L,et al.Effects of different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus on chlorophyll biosynthesis,chlorophyll a fluorescence,and photosynthetic rate in Larix olgensis seedlings[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,41(4):31-36.
5.赵甍,王秀伟,毛子军.不同氮素浓度下CO2浓度、温度对蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)幼苗叶绿素含量的影响[J].植物研究,2006,26(3):337-341.Zhao M,Wang X W,Mao Z J.The effect of CO2concentration and temperature on chlorophyll content of Quercus mongolica Fisch.under different nitrogen levels[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2006,26(3):337-341.
6.刘闯,胡庭兴,刘文婷,等.巨桉林草间作模式中牧草的耐阴生理适应性[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(9):1911-1916.Liu C,Hu T X,Liu W T,et al.Physiological bases of herbages shade-tolerance in Eucalyptus grandis and herbage inter-cultivated system[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(9):1911-1916.
7.刘昌芬,李国华.辣木的研究现状及其开发前景[J].云南热作科技,2002,25(3):20-24.Liu C F,Li G H.Actuality of study on Moringa oleifera and their exploitive foreground[J].Journal of Yunnan Tropical Crops Science&Technology,2002,25(3):20-24.
8.贺银凤,任安祥,廖婉琴.辣木酸奶的研制[J].保鲜与加工,2010,10(5):40-43.He Y F,Ren A X,Liao W Q.Study on the Moringa oleifera yogurt[J].Storage and Process,2010,10(5):40-43.
9.段琼芬,李迅,陈思多,等.辣木营养价值的开发利用[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(29):12670-12672.Duan Q F,Li X,Chen S D,et al.Development and utilization of nutritive value for Moringa oleifera[J].Journal of Auhui Agricultural Sciences,2008,36(29):12670-12672.
10.李树荣,许琳,毛夸云,等.添加辣木对肉用鸡的增重试验[J].云南农业大学学报,2006,21(4):545-548.Li S R,Xu L,Mao K Y,et al.The experiment of meat chicken growth by feeding with the fodder added with Moringa oleifera[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2006,21(4):545-548.
11.Somali M A,Bajneid M A,Al-Fhaimani S S.Chemical composition and characteristics of Moringa peregrina seeds and seeds oil[J].Journal of the American Oil Chemists'Society,1984,61(1):85-86.
12.孔令芳,宋雅迪,陈艳林.不同处理方法对辣木种子萌发及生长状况的影响[J].大理学院学报,2012,11(4):48-49.Kong L F,Song Y D,Chen Y L.Impact of different treatments on seed germination and growth of Moringa oleifera[J].Journal of Dali University,2012,11(4):48-49.
13.林宗铿,张汉荣,陈振东.辣木引种试种研究初报[J].福建热作科技,2014,39(4):1-4.Lin Z K,Zhang H R,Chen Z D.The preliminary report on study introduction and cultivation of Moringa oleifera[J].Fujian Science&Technology of Tropical Crops,2014,39(4):1-4.
14.杨焱,刘昌芬,龙继明.不同栽培基质对辣木农艺性状的影响[J].热带农业科技,2014,37(2):17-20.Yang Y,Liu C F,Long J M.Effects of different media on agronomic traits of Moringa oleifera[J].Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,2014,37(2):17-20.
15.吕晓静,任安祥,王羽梅.不同光照强度下辣木光合作用及与其相关生理指标的日变化[J].植物生理学通讯,2009,45(2):142-144.LǖX J,Ren A X,Wang Y M.Diurnal variation of photosynthesis and related physiological index of Moringa oleifera at different light-intensities[J].Plant Physiology Communications,2009,45(2):142-144.
16.杨焱.喷施叶面肥对棚栽辣木生长和产量的影响[J].热带农业科技,2011,34(3):25-27,41.Yang Y.The effect of different foliar fertilizers on growth and yield of Moringa oleifera in greenhouse[J].Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,2011,34(3):25-27,41.
17.姚其盛.气雾栽培条件下药食植物辣木生长及品质研究[D].广州:广州中医药大学,2012.Yao Q S.The research of aerosol cultivation on the growth and quality of medicinal and edible plant Moringa oleifera[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,2012.
18.邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.Zou Q.Experimental Guidebook to Plant Physiology and Biochemistry[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995.
19.鲍士旦.土壤农化分析:3版[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:12.Bao S D.Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis:3rd ed[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:12.
20.李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.Li H S.Principles and techniques of plant physiological biochemical experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000.
21.王秀伟,毛子军.7个光响应曲线模型对不同植物种的实用性[J].植物研究,2009,29(1):43-48.Wang X W,Mao Z J.Practicability of 7 light responsive curve models to different plant species[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2009,29(1):43-48.
22.Ingestad T,Agren G I.The influence of plant nutrition on biomass allocation[J].Ecological Applications,1991,1(2):168-174.
23.徐海军,孙广玉,周志强,等.氮素水平对五味子幼苗生长的影响[J].国土与自然资源研究,2011,(1):71-73.Xu H J,Sun G Y,Zhou Z Q,et al.Effects of different nitrogen-levels on growth of Schisandra chinensis seedlings[J].Territory&Natural Resources Study,2011,(1):71-73.
24.匡鹤凌.氮素水平对喜树生长、生理及喜树碱产量的影响[D].南京:南京林业大学,2016.Kuang H L.Influence of nitrogen levels on the growth and camptothecin content of Camptotheca acuminata seedlings[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2016.
25.陈雅君,闫庆伟,张璐,等.氮素与植物生长相关研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(4):144-148.Chen Y J,Yan Q W,Zhang L,et al.Research progress on nitrogen and plant growth[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2013,44(4):144-148.
26.李孟春.氮素对两种杨树生理生化特性及木材品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.Li M C.N utilization and wood structure changes in fastand slow-growing Populus species under nitrogen fertilization[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012.
27.Evans J R.Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3plants[J].Oecologia,1989,78(1):9-19.
28.Cruz J L,Mosquim P R,Pelacani C R,et al.Photosynthesis impairment in cassava leaves in response to nitrogen deficiency[J].Plant and Soil,2003,257(2):417-423.
29.杨铁钊,林彩丽,丁永乐,等.不同基因型烟草对氮素营养响应的差异研究[J].烟草科技,2001(6):32-35.Yang T Z,Lin C L,Ding Y L,et al.Study on response of different tobacco genotypes to nitrogen nutrition[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2001(6):32-35.
30.段巍巍,李慧玲,肖凯,等.氮肥对玉米穗位叶光合作用及其生理生化特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2007,22(1):26-29.Duan W W,Li H L,Xiao K,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on photosyntheis and its physiological and biochemical characteristics in ear-leaf of maize[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2007,22(1):26-29.
31.曹翠玲,李生秀,苗芳.氮素对植物某些生理生化过程影响的研究进展[J].西北农业大学学报,1999,27(4):96-101.Cao C L,Li S X,Miao F.The research situation about effects of nitrogen on certain physiological and biochemical process in plants[J].Acta Universitatis Agriculturalis Boreali-Occidentalis,1999,27(4):96-101.