广东鼎湖山自然保护区生物主模式标本内容分析
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摘要
为了解鼎湖山物种分类学研究的历史,采用内容分析法对采自广东鼎湖山自然保护区的生物主模式标本信息进行了分析。结果表明,鼎湖山自然保护区的生物主模式标本共含202种生物(亚种或变种),分属3界10门20纲54目104科146属,其中植物界63种、动物界68种、菌物界71种。有194份标本(另8份无采集人信息)涉及77位采集人(或其团队),有67家机构的147人参与新种命名, 67种期刊的140条文献参与新种发表, 38个国内外机构保存了200种的标本,物种在30%的科、目、采集人、第1命名人、期刊和存放地各分配了约70%的数量,呈现类似"二八定律"所述的不平衡现象。1978至1997年是标本采集并命名的高峰期,标本采集率为55.45%、标本命名率为58.91%;植物标本的采集和命名早于动物和真菌。鼎湖山物种的橱柜时间(标本采集到命名间隔的时间)平均为7.56 a,且植物的长于动物和菌物。鼎湖山主模式标本生物的物种密度比邻近保护区的要高。
In order to understand the history of species taxa research, the information of holotype specimens collected from Dinghushan National Nature Reserve of Guangdong, China, was analyze by using content analysis method. The results showed that there were a total of 202 species of holotype specimens, belonging to 3 kingdoms, 10 phyla, 20 classes, 54 orders, 104 families, and 146 genera, and kingdom plantae, kingdom animalia and kingdom fungi contained 63, 68 and 71 species, respectively. A total of 77 persons or groups collected the 194 holotype specimens. There were 147 persons came from 67 institutions, named all new species. There were 140 literatures published those new species in 67 kinds of journals. The 200 holotype specimens were currently deposited in 38 institutions. The statistical analysis showed that the 70% species were distributed in 30% families, orders, collectors, the first denominators, journals and deposit sites, showing unbalance in two-eight law. The specimen collection and naming reached the peak during the period of 1978-1997, in which 55.45% and 58.91% of total holotype specimens were collected and named, respectively. The species in kingdom plantae was collected and named earlier than those in kingdom animalia and kingdom fungi. The average shelf life for Dinghushan species was 7.56 years, and shelf life for kingdom plantae was longer than those for kingdom animalia and kingdom fungi. The holotype specimen density in Dinghushan Nature Reserve was higher than that in neighbor Nature Reserves.
In order to understand the history of species taxa research, the information of holotype specimens collected from Dinghushan National Nature Reserve of Guangdong, China, was analyze by using content analysis method. The results showed that there were a total of 202 species of holotype specimens, belonging to 3 kingdoms, 10 phyla, 20 classes, 54 orders, 104 families, and 146 genera, and kingdom plantae, kingdom animalia and kingdom fungi contained 63, 68 and 71 species, respectively. A total of 77 persons or groups collected the 194 holotype specimens. There were 147 persons came from 67 institutions, named all new species. There were 140 literatures published those new species in 67 kinds of journals. The 200 holotype specimens were currently deposited in 38 institutions. The statistical analysis showed that the 70% species were distributed in 30% families, orders, collectors, the first denominators, journals and deposit sites, showing unbalance in two-eight law. The specimen collection and naming reached the peak during the period of 1978-1997, in which 55.45% and 58.91% of total holotype specimens were collected and named, respectively. The species in kingdom plantae was collected and named earlier than those in kingdom animalia and kingdom fungi. The average shelf life for Dinghushan species was 7.56 years, and shelf life for kingdom plantae was longer than those for kingdom animalia and kingdom fungi. The holotype specimen density in Dinghushan Nature Reserve was higher than that in neighbor Nature Reserves.
引文
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[21] FONTAINEB,PERRARDA,BOUCHETP.21yearsofshelflife between discovery and description of new species[J]. Curr Biol, 2012,22(22):R943–R944. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.029.
[22] ZHOU G J, WU Y S. Holotype plants of Baishanzu Nature Reserve in Zhejiang[J].JGreenSciTechnol,2013(11):49–50.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9944.2013.11.021.周桂娇,吴义松.浙江百山祖自然保护区的模式标本植物[J].绿色科技, 2013(11):49–50. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9944.2013.11.021.
[23] CHENG H W, ZHANG G L, YANG Z G. The holotype plants and their conservation&utilizationinDaweishanNationalNatureReservein Yunnan[J]. For Invent Plan, 2010, 35(2):58–62. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-3168.2010.02.015.程洪文,张贵良,杨治国.云南大围山国家级自然保护区模式标本植物及其保护利用[J].林业调查规划, 2010, 35(2):58–62. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-3168.2010.02.015.
[24] QIU G Q, DENG H G, MIAO S Y, et al. Origin of type specimen and specialty plants named with Luofoshan[J]. Sci Technol Innova Herald,2014(36):90. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-098X.2014.36.057.邱国权,邓华格,缪绅裕,等.以罗浮山命名的模式标本产地及特产植物考证[J].科技创新导报,2014(36):90.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-098X.2014.36.057.
[25] CHEN C D. Biodiversity in the Wuyi Mountains and its importance in China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 1999, 7(4):320–326. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.1999.04.011.陈昌笃.论武夷山在中国生物多样性保护中的地位[J].生物多样性, 1999, 7(4):320–326. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.1999.04.011.
[26] DINGB,HUAB,WENHJ,etal.Onfloristicstudyandscientific namerevisionofseedtypespecimensdistributedinJinfoMountain NatureReserve[J].JSWChinNormUniv(NatSci),2014,39(12):47–52. doi:10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2014.12.010.丁博,华波,文海军,等.金佛山自然保护区种子植物模式标本物种的区系分析及学名修订[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014, 39(12):47–52. doi:10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2014.12.010.
[2]YANG Y. Holdings of type specimens of plants in herbaria of China[J].Biodiv Sci, 2012, 20(4):512–516. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.05076.杨永.我国植物模式标本的馆藏量[J].生物多样性,2012,20(4):512–516. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.05076.
[3]YANGXK,SUNHG,JIANGGM.CatalogueoftheInsectType SpecimensDepositedinInstituteofZoology,ChineseAcademyof Sciences[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1991.杨星科,孙洪国,江国妹.中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆藏模式标本名录[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1991.
[4]LUOT.Catalogueofthemammaltypespecimenspreservedinthe mammal collection of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences[J]. Acta Zootax Sin, 1998, 23(3):333–335.罗彤.中国科学院动物研究所兽类标本馆藏模式标本名录[J].动物分类学报, 1998, 23(3):333–335.
[5]JIN S Y. A Catalogue of Type Specimens(Cormophyta)in the Herbaria of China[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1994.靳淑英.中国高等植物模式标本汇编[M].北京:科学出版社, 1994.
[6]JIN S Y. A Catalogue of Type Specimens(Cormophyta)in the Herbaria ofChina,theSupplement[M].Beijing:ChinaForestryPublishing House, 1999.靳淑英.中国高等植物模式标本汇编,补编[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 1999.
[7]JIN S Y. A Catalogue of Type Specimens(Cormophyta)in the Herbaria of China, the Supplement II[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2007.靳淑英.中国高等植物模式标本汇编,补编二[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[8]JIANGYF.AsummaryofsnaketypesinChinesecollections[J].Sichuan J Zool, 2000, 19(3):176–177. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2000.03.026姜雅风.中国产蛇类模式标本的研究[J].四川动物,2000,19(3):176–177. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2000.03.026.
[9]CUIJZ,BAIM,FANRJ,etal.CatalogueoftheInsectType SpecimensDepositedinChina,Vol.2[M].Beijing:ChinaForestry Publishing House, 2009.崔俊芝,白明,范仁俊,等.中国昆虫模式标本名录,第2卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2009.
[10] CUI J Z, BAI M, WU H, et al. Catalogue of the Insect Type Specimens DepositedinChina,Vol.1[M].Beijing:ChinaForestryPublishing House, 2007.崔俊芝,白明,吴鸿,等.中国昆虫模式标本名录,第1卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2007.
[11] DU L N, CHEN X Y, YANG J X. A catalog of fish specimens preserved within Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences[J].Zool Res, 2013, 34(4):345–360. doi:10.11813/j.issn.0254-5853.2013.4.0345.杜丽娜,陈小勇,杨君兴.中国科学院昆明动物研究所鱼类模式标本名录[J].动物学研究, 2013, 34(4):345–360. doi:10.11813/j.issn.0254-5853.2013.4.0345.
[12] BAI M, CUI J Z, HU J Y, et al. Catalogue of the Insect Type Specimens DepositedinChina,Vol.3[M].Beijing:ChinaForestryPublishing House, 2014.白明,崔俊芝,胡佳耀,等.中国昆虫模式标本名录,第3卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2014.
[13] XU Y. Management of type specimens in scientific research[J]. Arch Sci Bull, 1992(5):37–41,27.徐阳.科学研究中模式标本档案的管理[J].档案学通讯,1992(5):37–41,27.
[14] WANGJS,WUYY.Acatalogueofinsecttypespecimensfrom Wuyishan Nature Reserve, China(Ⅲ)[J]. Wuyi Sci J, 2002, 18:3–7.汪家社,吴焰玉.福建武夷山自然保护区昆虫模式标本名录(Ⅲ)[J].武夷科学, 2002, 18:3–7.
[15] WANG S N, PAN D, WEN Z H, et al. A checklist of type specimens of insects from Maoershan Nature Reserve of Guangxi, China[J]. J Guangxi Norm Univ(Nat Sci), 2011, 29(4):122–131. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-6600.2011.04.024王绍能,潘冬,文忠华,等.广西猫儿山自然保护区昆虫模式标本名录[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,29(4):122–131. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-6600.2011.04.024.
[16]ZHOUYB,YUXL,WUN,etal.Acatalogueofanimaltype specimensfromtheShennongjiaWorldNaturalHeritageSite,China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2017, 25(5):513–517. doi:10.17520/biods.2017032.周友兵,余小林,吴楠,等.神农架世界自然遗产地动物模式标本名录[J].生物多样性,2017,25(5):513–517.doi:10.17520/biods.2017032.
[17] FAN B S. Content analysis based on decision-making[J]. Lib Inform Serv, 2005, 49(6):9–13. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0252-3116.2005.06.002.范并思.发展面向决策的内容分析[J].图书情报工作, 2005, 49(6):9–13. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0252-3116.2005.06.002.
[18] QIU J P, ZOU F. A study of content analysis methods[J]. J Lib Sci China, 2004, 30(2):12–17. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8867.2004.02.002.邱均平,邹菲.关于内容分析法的研究[J].中国图书馆学报,2004,30(2):12–17. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8867.2004.02.002.
[19] HUANG Z L. Comprehensive Scientific Survey Report of Dinghushan NationalNatureReserve,Guangdong[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 2015.黄忠良.广东鼎湖山国家级自然保护区综合科学考察报告[M].广州:广东科技出版社, 2015.
[20] SUN R Y. From qualitaty, quantitaty to content analysis:Discussing the research method of library and information science[J]. Mod Inform,2005(1):2–6. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2005.01.001.孙瑞英.从定性、定量到内容分析法:图书、情报领域研究方法探讨[J].现代情报, 2005(1):2–6. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2005.01.001.
[21] FONTAINEB,PERRARDA,BOUCHETP.21yearsofshelflife between discovery and description of new species[J]. Curr Biol, 2012,22(22):R943–R944. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.029.
[22] ZHOU G J, WU Y S. Holotype plants of Baishanzu Nature Reserve in Zhejiang[J].JGreenSciTechnol,2013(11):49–50.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9944.2013.11.021.周桂娇,吴义松.浙江百山祖自然保护区的模式标本植物[J].绿色科技, 2013(11):49–50. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9944.2013.11.021.
[23] CHENG H W, ZHANG G L, YANG Z G. The holotype plants and their conservation&utilizationinDaweishanNationalNatureReservein Yunnan[J]. For Invent Plan, 2010, 35(2):58–62. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-3168.2010.02.015.程洪文,张贵良,杨治国.云南大围山国家级自然保护区模式标本植物及其保护利用[J].林业调查规划, 2010, 35(2):58–62. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-3168.2010.02.015.
[24] QIU G Q, DENG H G, MIAO S Y, et al. Origin of type specimen and specialty plants named with Luofoshan[J]. Sci Technol Innova Herald,2014(36):90. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-098X.2014.36.057.邱国权,邓华格,缪绅裕,等.以罗浮山命名的模式标本产地及特产植物考证[J].科技创新导报,2014(36):90.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-098X.2014.36.057.
[25] CHEN C D. Biodiversity in the Wuyi Mountains and its importance in China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 1999, 7(4):320–326. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.1999.04.011.陈昌笃.论武夷山在中国生物多样性保护中的地位[J].生物多样性, 1999, 7(4):320–326. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.1999.04.011.
[26] DINGB,HUAB,WENHJ,etal.Onfloristicstudyandscientific namerevisionofseedtypespecimensdistributedinJinfoMountain NatureReserve[J].JSWChinNormUniv(NatSci),2014,39(12):47–52. doi:10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2014.12.010.丁博,华波,文海军,等.金佛山自然保护区种子植物模式标本物种的区系分析及学名修订[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014, 39(12):47–52. doi:10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2014.12.010.
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