浙江野生樱花枝干及叶片形态变异分析
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摘要
为科学合理地保护和利用浙江省野生樱花资源,挖掘其优良性状,以野生樱花种质资源为研究材料,对枝干、叶片的50个形态学性状进行测定,采用方差分析、主成分分析等方法研究其种间及种内各性状的变异,探明不同性状间的相关性。结果表明:①除株高外,其余17个数值型性状在8个种(变种)间差异显著(P<0.05),其中16个性状为极显著(P<0.01)。各性状在种间的变异系数为14.05%～64.15%,其中,叶长的种间变异系数最小,胸径的最大。叶片性状中托叶长、叶面积、托叶宽、叶柄/叶片长、叶柄长的种间变异系数均大于30%;除分枝角度外,其他枝干性状的变异系数均大于30%;大部分性状的种内变异小于种间变异。②二元及多态性状的平均多样性指数为0.03～1.28,其中,叶形、幼叶颜色、成叶反面颜色、嫩枝、小枝和老枝颜色7个性状的平均多样性指数均在0.95以上。③叶片、枝干各性状间彼此相关,利用主成分分析将数值型性状和7个多样性指数较高的多态性状综合为8个主成分,其累计贡献率可达76.85%。④根据主成分值将91份樱花种质资源分为5大类,分别为大叶早樱Cerasus subhirtella类,华中樱C. conradinae类,迎春樱C. discoidea类,尾叶樱C. dielsiana和山樱花C. serrulata类,其中2个变种也分别聚在了相应的种内,而浙闽樱C. schneideriana并没有成为独立的一类。研究认为:野生樱花种间及种内各性状的变异幅度大,差异显著,多样性丰富,具有较大的遗传改良潜力;主成分分析的方法在枝干、叶片性状分析中是可行的,可提高筛选效率。
To effectively protect and utilize the wild germplasm resources of Cerasus, 50 morphological traits of leaves and branches from eight Cerasus species(six species and two varieties) were investigated. Based on morphological data which was randomly measured fifty leaves and twelve branches from ten plants of each species, the interspecific and intraspecific variation of morphological traits and the relationship between them were analyzed by ANOVA and principal component analysis(PCA). Results showed that the differences for 17 quantitative characters among the eight species were highly significant(P<0.01). The interspecific coefficient of variation(CV) of quantitative characters ranged from 14.05% to 64.15% with the largest value being diameter at breast height(DHB) and the smallest being leaf length. The CVs for stipule length, leaf area, stipule width, petiole length/leaf length, and petiole length were > 30% as were branch traits except for branch angle. Most of the intraspecific CVs were less than interspecific variations. The average diversity indexes of qualitative characters ranged from 0.03 to 1.28 with the average diversity indexes of leaf index, young leaf color,mature leaf color(abaxial), branchlet color, twig color, and branch color being > 0.95. Based on the PCA, the quantitative characters and seven qualitative characters with high diversity indexes were divided into eight principle components, with the cumulative contribution rate reaching 76.85%. Also, 91 wild germplasm resources were divided into 5 groups, namely Cerasus subhirtella, C. conradinae, C. discoidea, C. dielsiana, and C. serrulata. The two varieties were clustered into relevant species, and Cerasus schneideriana was not considered as an independent group. This research indicated strong differences in the traits of leaves and branches of Cerasus species, and the PCA was suitable for analyzing leaf and branch traits, which can screen and exploit superior germplasm resources efficiently.
To effectively protect and utilize the wild germplasm resources of Cerasus, 50 morphological traits of leaves and branches from eight Cerasus species(six species and two varieties) were investigated. Based on morphological data which was randomly measured fifty leaves and twelve branches from ten plants of each species, the interspecific and intraspecific variation of morphological traits and the relationship between them were analyzed by ANOVA and principal component analysis(PCA). Results showed that the differences for 17 quantitative characters among the eight species were highly significant(P<0.01). The interspecific coefficient of variation(CV) of quantitative characters ranged from 14.05% to 64.15% with the largest value being diameter at breast height(DHB) and the smallest being leaf length. The CVs for stipule length, leaf area, stipule width, petiole length/leaf length, and petiole length were > 30% as were branch traits except for branch angle. Most of the intraspecific CVs were less than interspecific variations. The average diversity indexes of qualitative characters ranged from 0.03 to 1.28 with the average diversity indexes of leaf index, young leaf color,mature leaf color(abaxial), branchlet color, twig color, and branch color being > 0.95. Based on the PCA, the quantitative characters and seven qualitative characters with high diversity indexes were divided into eight principle components, with the cumulative contribution rate reaching 76.85%. Also, 91 wild germplasm resources were divided into 5 groups, namely Cerasus subhirtella, C. conradinae, C. discoidea, C. dielsiana, and C. serrulata. The two varieties were clustered into relevant species, and Cerasus schneideriana was not considered as an independent group. This research indicated strong differences in the traits of leaves and branches of Cerasus species, and the PCA was suitable for analyzing leaf and branch traits, which can screen and exploit superior germplasm resources efficiently.
引文
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[2]俞德浚.中国植物志:第38卷[M].北京:科学出版社, 1986:41-87.
[3]韦直,何业祺.浙江省植物志[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社, 1993:239-252.
[4] HAMADA Y, OGAWA T, TANAKA H. Effects of low temperature and storage periods for seed dormancy release on Prunus lannesiana(Carr.)var. speciosa[J]. Acta Hortic, 1988, 226(2):541-548.
[5]王宇萍,王朝文,杨洪涛,等.冬樱花种子育苗技术研究[J].种子, 2015, 34(3):117-119.WANG Yuping, WANG Chaowen, YANG Hongtao, et al. Study on the seeds seedling-raising technology of winter cherry[J]. Seed, 2015, 34(3):117-119.
[6]聂超仁,许小过,段庆明,等. 2种方法提高山樱花种子发芽率试验[J].安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(13):3835-3838.NIE Chaoren, XU Xiaoguo, DUAN Qingming, et al. Two methods of improving germination rate of Cerasus serrualta(Lindl.)G. Don ex London[J]. J Anhui Agric Sci, 2014, 42(13):3835-3838.
[7] SARROPOULOU V, DIMASSI-THERIOU K, THERIOS I. In vitro plant regeneration from leaf explants of the cherry rootstocks CAB-6P, Gisela 6, and MxM 14 using sodium nitroprusside[J]. In Vitro Cell Develop Biol-Plant, 2014, 50(2):226-234.
[8] WANG Ying, PIJUT P M. Improvement of agrobacterium-mediated transformation and rooting of black cherry[J]. In Vitro Cell Develop Biol-Plant, 2014, 50(3):307-316.
[9]李苗苗.樱亚属植物分子亲缘地理及中国樱桃自然居群遗传多样性研究[D].西安:西北大学, 2009.LI Miaomiao. Phylogeography of Prunus Subgenus Cerasus and Genetic Diversity of P. pseudocerasus[D]. Xi’an:Northwest University, 2009.
[10]王贤荣.中国樱花品种图志[M].北京:科学出版社, 2014:80-82.
[11]李蒙,伊贤贵,王华辰,等.山樱花地理分布与水热环境因子的关系[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014, 38(增刊1):74-80.LI Meng, YIN Xiangui, WANG Huachen, et al. Studies on the relationship between Cerasus serrulata distribution region and the environmental factors[J]. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2014, 38(suppl 1):74-80.
[12]李蒙,严邦祥,赵昌高,等.大仰山高山湿地山樱花种群数量结构特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013, 37(5):40-44.LI Meng, YAN Bangxiang, ZHAO Changgao, et al. Numeric and structural characteristics of Cerasus serrulata population around the high-elevation wetlands of Dayangshan[J]. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2013, 37(5):40-44.
[13]王贤荣,谢春平,伊贤贵,等.不同居群野生早樱形态变异研究[J].植物研究, 2007, 27(6):746-752.WANG Xianrong, XIE Chunping, YIN Xiangui, et al. Study on the morphological variations of Cerasus subhirtella var. ascendens in different populations[J]. Bull Botan Res, 2007, 27(6):746-752.
[14]商韬,王贤荣,南程慧,等.基于SSR标记的迎春樱自然居群遗传多样性分析[J].甘肃农大学报, 2013, 48(6):104-109.SHANG Tao, WANG Xianrong, NAN Chenghui, et al. Genetic diversity in natural populations of Cerasus discoidea based on SSR markers[J]. J Gansu Agric Univ, 2013, 48(6):104-109.
[15] TSUDA Y, KIMURA M, KATO S, et al. Genetic structure of Cerasus jamasakura, a Japanese flowering cherry, revealed by nuclear SSRs:implications for conservation[J]. J Plant Res, 2009, 122(4):367-375.
[16] NAS M N, BOLEK Y, BARDAK A. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Prunus microcarpa C.A. Mey.subsp. tortusa analyzed by simple sequence repeats(SSRs)[J]. Sci Hortic, 2011, 127(3):220-227.
[17] ANTONIUS K, AALTONEN M, UOSUKAINEN M, et al. Genotypic and phenotypic diversity in finnish cultivated sour cherry(Prunus cerasus L.)[J]. Gen Resour Crop Evol, 2012, 59(3):375-388.
[18]赵庆杰,李海波,屈燕,等.基于SCAR标记的20个樱花品种的分子鉴别[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016, 40(5):34-40.ZHO Qingjie, LI Haibo, QU Yan, et al. SCAR markers-based molecular identification of 20 flowering cherries(Cerasus)cultivars[J]. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2016, 40(5):34-40.
[19] SHI Shuo, LI Jinlu, SUN Jiahui, et al. Phylogeny and classification of Prunus sensulato(Rosaceae)[J]. J Integrative Plant Biol, 2013, 55(11):1069-1079.
[20]付涛,王志龙,林立,等.樱属植物种质资源系统鉴定方法的研究[J].园艺学报, 2015, 42(12):2455-2468.FU Tao, WANG Zhilong, LIN Li, et al. Study on the identification method of a system of the Cerasus plants germplasm resources[J]. Acta Hortic Sin, 2015, 42(12):2455-2468.
[21]顾宇,史港影,李祯,等.樱属植物核型参数及种间亲缘关系分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2014,38(增刊1):25-29.GU Yu, SHI Gangying, LI Zhen, et al. Karyotype parameters analysis and genetic relationship discussion of Cerasus(Rosaceae)[J]. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2014, 38(suppl 1):25-29.
[22]王贤荣,向其柏.樱属植物叶腺体形态研究及其在分类中的意义[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 1997,21(4):63-67.WANG Xianrong, XIANG Qibai. Studies on morphology of foliar glands and its taxonomical significance of Cerasus(Rosaceae)[J]. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 1997, 21(4):63-67.
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