水田双向修筑埂机设计与试验
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摘要
为提高筑埂作业效率与质量,减轻作业劳动强度,解决水田田埂拐角处无法机械筑埂的问题,设计了一种旋耕和镇压部件可180°水平回转的水田双向修筑埂机。阐述了关键部件横向偏移机构与180°水平回转调节机构的结构及工作原理。建立横向偏移机构和180°水平回转调节机构运动模型,通过运动学分析,获得了可满足不同作业条件下偏移要求的运动部件结构参数,得出旋耕和镇压部件回转过程趋于稳定的条件。对水田双向修筑埂机进行田间作业性能试验,试验结果表明:当作业速度分别为1. 5、2. 0、2. 3 km/h时,田埂坚实度平均值随筑埂后间隔时间的增大而增大,田埂坚实度变异系数随筑埂后间隔时间的增大而减小;间隔时间相同时,埂侧坚实度平均值高于埂顶,田埂各测量位置稳定值均不低于1 332 k Pa。前行与倒行两种作业方式所筑田埂均满足水田筑埂农艺要求。
Rice is one of the main grain crops in China. Improving the mechanization level of rice production can enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity of China. Solid ridge is important guarantee for irrigation and rice growth. It can improve the yield of grain crops and reduce the waste of water resources. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of ridging operation in paddy field,reducing the labor intensity and solving the problem that the ridge can not be built mechanically at the corner of the paddy field,a bi-directional ridger for paddy field was designed,whose rotary tillage and repression components can rotate horizontally. The structural design and working principle were conducted for key components,such as offset system and 180° horizontal rotary adjustment mechanism.Kinematic analysis of the offset system was carried out and the structural parameters of the moving parts were obtained,which satisfied the migration requirements under different working conditions. The motion model of the 180° horizontal rotary adjustment mechanism was established,the conditions for stabilizing the rotary tillage component and compacting assembly were determined. The performance test of the prototype in paddy field was completed. Test results showed that during the advance operation and reverse operation,the average value of the ridge firmness was increased with the increase of interval time and the coefficient of variation of the ridge firmness was decreased with the increase of the interval time when the speed was 1. 5 km/h,2. 0 km/h and 2. 3 km/h. The average value of the ridge side was higher than that of the top of ridge at the same interval time. The stability values of the measured positions of the ridge were not less than 1 332 kPa. The two methods of operation met the agronomic requirements of paddy fields and the performance of the ridger was stable in the process of advancing and reversing,its ridge had good quality,which was solid and smooth and could meet the requirement of paddy field production.
Rice is one of the main grain crops in China. Improving the mechanization level of rice production can enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity of China. Solid ridge is important guarantee for irrigation and rice growth. It can improve the yield of grain crops and reduce the waste of water resources. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of ridging operation in paddy field,reducing the labor intensity and solving the problem that the ridge can not be built mechanically at the corner of the paddy field,a bi-directional ridger for paddy field was designed,whose rotary tillage and repression components can rotate horizontally. The structural design and working principle were conducted for key components,such as offset system and 180° horizontal rotary adjustment mechanism.Kinematic analysis of the offset system was carried out and the structural parameters of the moving parts were obtained,which satisfied the migration requirements under different working conditions. The motion model of the 180° horizontal rotary adjustment mechanism was established,the conditions for stabilizing the rotary tillage component and compacting assembly were determined. The performance test of the prototype in paddy field was completed. Test results showed that during the advance operation and reverse operation,the average value of the ridge firmness was increased with the increase of interval time and the coefficient of variation of the ridge firmness was decreased with the increase of the interval time when the speed was 1. 5 km/h,2. 0 km/h and 2. 3 km/h. The average value of the ridge side was higher than that of the top of ridge at the same interval time. The stability values of the measured positions of the ridge were not less than 1 332 kPa. The two methods of operation met the agronomic requirements of paddy fields and the performance of the ridger was stable in the process of advancing and reversing,its ridge had good quality,which was solid and smooth and could meet the requirement of paddy field production.
引文
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[9]王金武,唐汉,王金峰,等.悬挂式水田单侧修筑埂机数值模拟分析与性能优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):72-80.WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,WANG Jinfeng,et al.Numerical analysis and performance optimization experiment on hanging unilateral ridger for paddy field[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):72-80.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170807&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.08.007.(in Chinese)
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[11]王金峰,王金武,孔彦军,等.悬挂式水田筑埂机及其关键部件研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):28-34.WANG Jinfeng,WANG Jinwu,KONG Yanjun,et al.Development and experiment of suspension ridger and its key components for paddy field[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(6):28-34.(in Chinese)
[12]吕金庆,尚琴琴,杨颖,等.马铃薯杀秧机设计优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):106-114.LJinqing,SHANG Qinqin,YANG Ying,et al.Design optimization and experiment on potato haulm cutter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):106-114.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160515&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.05.015.(in Chinese)
[13]贾洪雷,姜鑫铭,郭明卓,等.V-L型秸秆粉碎还田刀片设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):28-33.JIA Honglei,JIANG Xinming,GUO Mingzhuo,et al.Design and experiment of V-L shaped smashed straw blade[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):28-33.(in Chinese)
[14]王金武,王奇,唐汉,等.水稻秸秆深埋整秆还田装置设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):112-117.WANG Jinwu,WANG Qi,TANG Han,et al.Design and experiment of rice straw deep buried and whole straw returning device[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(9):112-117.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150916&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.09.016.(in Chinese)
[15]郑侃,何进,李洪文,等.反旋深松联合作业耕整机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):61-71.ZHENG Kan,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al.Design and experiment of combined tillage implement of reverse-rotary and subsoiling[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):61-71.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170806&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.08.006.(in Chinese)
[16]车刚,张伟,万霖,等.基于灭茬圆盘驱动旋耕刀多功能耕整机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):34-40.CHE Gang,ZHANG Wei,WAN Lin,et al.Design and experiment of multifunctional tillage machine with driven bent blade by stubble ploughing disk[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(20):34-40.(in Chinese)
[17]贾洪雷,黄东岩,刘晓亮,等.耕作刀片在刀辊上的多头螺旋线对称排列法[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):111-116.JIA Honglei,HUANG Dongyan,LIU Xiaoliang,et al.Symmetrical multi-spiral arrangement of tillage blades on rotor[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(4):111-116.(in Chinese)
[18]MORRISON J E.Compatibility among three tillage systems and types of plant press wheels and furrow openers for verti-sol claysoils[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2002,18(3):293-295.
[19]MALLEY D F,MCCLURE C,MARTIN P D.Compositional analysis of cattlemanure during composting using a field portable near infrared spectrometer[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2005,36(4):455-476.
[20]赵振家,邹猛,薛龙,等.压实对土壤应力分布的影响仿真分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(增刊):311-313,338.ZHAO Zhenjia,ZOU Meng,XUE Long,et al.Simulation analysis of effect of compaction on soil stress distribution[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(Supp.):311-313,338.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=2012s63&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.S0.063.(in Chinese)
[2]左兴建,武广伟,付卫强,等.风送式水稻侧深精准施肥装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):14-21.ZUO Xingjian,WU Guangwei,FU Weiqiang,et al.Design and experiment on air-blast rice side deep precision fertilization device[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(8):14-21.(in Chinese)
[3]李海龙,刘刚,陈孟超,等.我国水稻生产机械化技术探析[J].农业科技与装备,2014,12(12):38-39.LI Hailong,LIU Gang,CHEN Mengchao,et al.Discussion on the technique of rice production mechanization in China[J].Agricultural Science&Technology and Equipment,2014,12(12):38-39.(in Chinese)
[4]罗锡文,王在满.水稻生产全程机械化技术研究进展[J].现代农业装备,2014(1):23-29.
[5]李英,张越杰.日本水稻生产效率的实证分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2011,33(2):227-230.LI Ying,ZHANG Yuejie.An empirical study of efficiency of rice production in Japan[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2011,33(2):227-230.(in Chinese)
[6]李耀明,徐立章,向忠平,等.日本水稻种植机械化技术的最新研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(11):182-185.LI Yaoming,XU Lizhang,XIANG Zhongping,et al.Research advances of rice planting mechanization in Japan[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2005,21(11):182-185.(in Chinese)
[7]关振君.DTZG-01型稻田筑埂机的设计研究[J].农业科技与装备,2011(10):20-22.GUAN Zhenjun.Design of DTZG-01 paddy field ridger[J].Agricultural Science and Technology and Equipment,2011(10):20-22.(in Chinese)
[8]王金武,唐汉,王金峰,等.1DSZ-350型悬挂式水田单侧旋耕镇压修筑埂机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(1):25-37.WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,WANG Jinfeng,et al.Design and experiment on 1DSZ-350 type hanging unilateral rotary tillage compacting ridger for paddy field[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(1):25-37.(in Chinese)
[9]王金武,唐汉,王金峰,等.悬挂式水田单侧修筑埂机数值模拟分析与性能优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):72-80.WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,WANG Jinfeng,et al.Numerical analysis and performance optimization experiment on hanging unilateral ridger for paddy field[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):72-80.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170807&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.08.007.(in Chinese)
[10]王金峰,林南南,王金武,等.单侧筑埂机镇压筑埂装置工作动力学参数测试与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):81-86,104.WANG Jinfeng,LIN Nannan,WANG Jinwu,et al.Design and experiment on working dynamics parameters of single-side ridger[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):81-86,104.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170808&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.08.008.(in Chinese)
[11]王金峰,王金武,孔彦军,等.悬挂式水田筑埂机及其关键部件研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):28-34.WANG Jinfeng,WANG Jinwu,KONG Yanjun,et al.Development and experiment of suspension ridger and its key components for paddy field[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(6):28-34.(in Chinese)
[12]吕金庆,尚琴琴,杨颖,等.马铃薯杀秧机设计优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):106-114.LJinqing,SHANG Qinqin,YANG Ying,et al.Design optimization and experiment on potato haulm cutter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):106-114.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160515&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.05.015.(in Chinese)
[13]贾洪雷,姜鑫铭,郭明卓,等.V-L型秸秆粉碎还田刀片设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):28-33.JIA Honglei,JIANG Xinming,GUO Mingzhuo,et al.Design and experiment of V-L shaped smashed straw blade[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):28-33.(in Chinese)
[14]王金武,王奇,唐汉,等.水稻秸秆深埋整秆还田装置设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):112-117.WANG Jinwu,WANG Qi,TANG Han,et al.Design and experiment of rice straw deep buried and whole straw returning device[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(9):112-117.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150916&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.09.016.(in Chinese)
[15]郑侃,何进,李洪文,等.反旋深松联合作业耕整机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):61-71.ZHENG Kan,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al.Design and experiment of combined tillage implement of reverse-rotary and subsoiling[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):61-71.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170806&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.08.006.(in Chinese)
[16]车刚,张伟,万霖,等.基于灭茬圆盘驱动旋耕刀多功能耕整机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):34-40.CHE Gang,ZHANG Wei,WAN Lin,et al.Design and experiment of multifunctional tillage machine with driven bent blade by stubble ploughing disk[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(20):34-40.(in Chinese)
[17]贾洪雷,黄东岩,刘晓亮,等.耕作刀片在刀辊上的多头螺旋线对称排列法[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):111-116.JIA Honglei,HUANG Dongyan,LIU Xiaoliang,et al.Symmetrical multi-spiral arrangement of tillage blades on rotor[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(4):111-116.(in Chinese)
[18]MORRISON J E.Compatibility among three tillage systems and types of plant press wheels and furrow openers for verti-sol claysoils[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2002,18(3):293-295.
[19]MALLEY D F,MCCLURE C,MARTIN P D.Compositional analysis of cattlemanure during composting using a field portable near infrared spectrometer[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2005,36(4):455-476.
[20]赵振家,邹猛,薛龙,等.压实对土壤应力分布的影响仿真分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(增刊):311-313,338.ZHAO Zhenjia,ZOU Meng,XUE Long,et al.Simulation analysis of effect of compaction on soil stress distribution[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(Supp.):311-313,338.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=2012s63&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.S0.063.(in Chinese)