不同心理素质水平大学生对情绪面孔的记忆偏向
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摘要
采用加工分离程序探讨了不同心理素质水平大学生对不同效价情绪面孔(积极、消极、中性情绪面孔图片)的记忆偏向,以了解不同心理素质水平大学生的外显和内隐记忆加工特征.结果发现:记忆任务中,在意识提取上,高低心理素质水平大学生差异不具有统计学意义;在无意识提取上,高心理素质水平大学生对3类情绪面孔图片的提取值都显著高于低心理素质水平大学生.在对不同效价情绪面孔的意识和无意识提取值上,负性情绪面孔的提取值都高于中性和正性情绪面孔,但差异不具有统计学意义.
In order to understand the explicit and implicit memory processing characteristics of college students with different psychological suzhi levels, the processing dissociation procedure was used to study their memory bias towards emotion faces of different valences(positive, negative and neutral emotional faces). The results showed that in memory tasks, there was no significant difference between high and low psychological sushi-level students in conscious retrieval, while in unconscious retrieval, the retrieval value of high psychological sushi-level college students was significantly higher than that of low psychological sushi-level college students in the three types of emotional face pictures. The retrieval values of negative emotional faces were higher than those of neutral and positive emotional faces, though the difference was non-significant statistically.
In order to understand the explicit and implicit memory processing characteristics of college students with different psychological suzhi levels, the processing dissociation procedure was used to study their memory bias towards emotion faces of different valences(positive, negative and neutral emotional faces). The results showed that in memory tasks, there was no significant difference between high and low psychological sushi-level students in conscious retrieval, while in unconscious retrieval, the retrieval value of high psychological sushi-level college students was significantly higher than that of low psychological sushi-level college students in the three types of emotional face pictures. The retrieval values of negative emotional faces were higher than those of neutral and positive emotional faces, though the difference was non-significant statistically.
引文
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[23] CAMPBELL R,ELGAR K,KUNTSI J,et al.The Classification of ‘fear’ from Faces is Associated with Face Recognition Skill in Women [J].Neuropsychologia,2002,40(6):575-584.
[24] 张敏,卢家楣.青少年负性情绪信息记忆偏向的情绪弹性和性别效应 [J].心理学探新,2012,32(4):347-350.
[25] MARTIN C L,HALVERSON C F.A Schematic Processing Model of Sex Typing and Stereotyping in Children [J].Child Development,1981,52(4):1119.
[2] TAFARODI R W.Paradoxical Self-Esteem and Selectivity in the Processing of Social Information [J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1998,74(5):1181-1196.
[3] 石国兴,赵海第.高特质焦虑高中生对消极信息的注意和记忆偏向 [J].心理与行为研究,2015,13(4):495-499.
[4] 金一波.抑郁个体情绪认知机制及干预性研究 [D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.
[5] 陶云,霍俊丽,高松,等.心境一致性对大学生外显和内隐记忆影响的实验研究 [J].心理与行为研究,2007,5(3):171-176.
[6] 苏志强,张大均.8～12岁儿童心理素质与抑郁的关系:应对方式的中介作用 [J].中国特殊教育,2015(2):72-77.
[7] 张娟,梁英豪,苏志强,等.中学生心理素质与正性情绪的关系:情绪弹性的中介作用 [J].中国特殊教育,2015(9):71-76.
[8] 张大均,王鑫强.心理健康与心理素质的关系:内涵结构分析 [J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2012,38(3):69-74,174.
[9] 张娟,李冰冰,张大均.不同心理素质水平大学生对情绪面孔的知觉偏向 [J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2016,42(5):114-118.
[10] BECKER E,RINCK M,MARGRAF J.Memory Bias in Panic Disorder [J].Journal of Abnormal Psychology,1994,103(2):396-399.
[11] BECK J G,STANLEY M A,AVERILL P M,et al.Attention and Memory for Threat in Panic Disorder [J].Behaviour Research and Therapy,1992,30(6):619-629.
[12] FARHADI A,MOVAHEDI Y,ALMASIAN M,et al.A Study on the Explicit and Implicit Memory Bias among People with Social Anxiety Disorder and Normal Participants [J].European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences,2014,3(4):875-881.
[13] 张娟.不同心理素质水平大学生对情绪信息的认知加工偏向 [D].重庆:西南大学,2016.
[14] 龚栩,黄宇霞,王妍,等.中国面孔表情图片系统的修订 [J].中国心理卫生杂志,2011,25(1):40-46.
[15] 李冰,卢家楣,潘发达.不同情绪状态下的记忆实验研究 [J].上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学·教育版),2003(4):81-85.
[16] 龚琳峦,徐晨,刘靠,等.外显与内隐记忆的情绪一致性效应 [J].心理科学,2014,37(1):60-65.
[17] 张大均.论人的心理素质 [J].心理与行为研究,2003,1(2):143-146.
[18] HORSTMANN G,BORGSTEDT K,HEUMANN M.Flanker Effects with Faces may Depend on Perceptual as Well as Emotional Differences [J].Emotion,2006,6(1):28-39.
[19] MITTE K.Memory Bias for Threatening Information in Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders:A Meta-Analytic Review [J].Psychological Bulletin,2008,134(6):886-911.
[20] WELLS T T,BEEVERS C G.Biased Attention and Dysphoria:Manipulating Selective Attention Reduces Subsequent Depressive Symptoms [J].Cognition & Emotion,2010,24(4):719-728.
[21] BLOISE S M,JOHNSON M K.Memory for Emotional and Neutral Information:Gender and Individual Differences in Emotional Sensitivity [J].Memory,2007,15(2):192-204.
[22] THAYER J,JOHNSEN B H.Sex Differences in Judgement of Facial Affect:A Multivariate Analysis of Recognition Errors [J].Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,2000,41(3):243-246.
[23] CAMPBELL R,ELGAR K,KUNTSI J,et al.The Classification of ‘fear’ from Faces is Associated with Face Recognition Skill in Women [J].Neuropsychologia,2002,40(6):575-584.
[24] 张敏,卢家楣.青少年负性情绪信息记忆偏向的情绪弹性和性别效应 [J].心理学探新,2012,32(4):347-350.
[25] MARTIN C L,HALVERSON C F.A Schematic Processing Model of Sex Typing and Stereotyping in Children [J].Child Development,1981,52(4):1119.