有机物料还田对土壤导水导气性的综合影响
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摘要
【目的】综合分析不同有机物料还田对土壤透水通气能力的影响,对改善作物根区土壤水分和空气环境,提高土壤生产力具有重要意义。【方法】本研究在陕西关中平原?土上开展了2年(2014年6月至2016年6月)田间小区定位试验,以单施化肥为对照,分析不同有机物料(麦秆、麦壳、土粪和生物肥)配施化肥对0—30 cm土层土壤孔隙性、导水性和导气性的影响,并运用主成分分析综合评价土壤导水导气性。【结果】有机物料还田可改善土壤孔隙性,促进土壤已有孔隙向较大孔隙发育,尤其在0—10 cm和20—30 cm土层,土壤大孔隙较对照显著(P<0.05)增加12.3%—136.4%;而在10—20 cm土层仅增施麦秆2年后土壤大孔隙显著(P<0.05)增加。有机物料还田显著(P<0.05)提高了0—10 cm和10—20 cm土壤导水性,增加土壤初渗率、稳渗率、平均入渗率、90 min累积入渗量和饱和导水率,其中增施麦秆在0—10 cm土层增幅最大,较对照增加5.3—8.8倍,增施生物肥在10—20 cm土层增幅最大,较对照增加2.0—4.5倍;增施生物肥也显著改善了20—30 cm土层土壤导水性。在土壤导气性方面,增施麦秆和麦壳较对照显著(P<0.05)提高0—10 cm土层土壤孔隙连通性进而增加土壤导气率;而增施生物肥较对照显著(P<0.05)提高了10—20 cm和20—30 cm土层的土壤导气率。通过主成分分析综合评价0—30 cm土层土壤导水导气性,结果表明0—10 cm土层增施麦秆最优;10—20 cm和20—30 cm土层增施生物肥最优。【结论】综合考虑,增施生物肥是关中平原相对较好的有机物料还田方式,对10—30 cm土层导水导气性的综合改善效果最优,可有效缓解?土亚表层紧实化,改善根区土壤的透水通气效能。
【Objective】 The comprehensive analysis of soil water and gas transport properties in response to different types of organic amendments is important for optimizing water and air environment of root-zone soil and improving the soil productivity.【Method】 For this purpose, a two-year(from June 2014 to June 2016) field experiment was conducted with a fixed plot test on a Lou soil(Eum-Orthic Anthrosols) in the Guanzhong Plain. There were five treatments: application of mineral fertilizer both alone(control, CK) and along with wheat straw(MWS), wheat husk(MWH), farmyard soil(MFS), and bioorganic fertilizer(MBF). This experiment was used to study the effects of combined use of mineral fertilizer and organic materials on soil porosity, hydraulic conductivity and air permeability in the 0-30 cm soil layer. These soil parameters were comprehensively evaluated by using the principal component analysis method.【Result】 Integrated application of organic materials and mineral fertilizer improved soil pore size distribution and promoted the increase in macro-porosity compared to the CK treatment. This was especially true at the 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm soil depths, where incorporation of organic materials significantly(P<0.05) increased soil macro-porosity by12.3%-136.4% compare to the CK treatment. The significant(P<0.05) increase in the macro-porosity was also recorded in the MWS treatment at the 10-20 cm depth soil layer compared to the CK treatment. Combination with organic materials and mineral fertilizer significantly(P<0.05) enhanced soil hydraulic conductivity at the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil depths compared to the CK treatment, such as increasing initial infiltration rate, steady infiltration rate, average infiltration rate, 90 min cumulative infiltration, as well as saturated hydraulic conductivity. These parameters were highest in the MWS treatment(greater by 5.3-8.8 times compared to the CK treatment) at the 0-10 cm soil depth and in the MBF treatment(greater by 2.0-4.5 times compared to the CK treatment) at the10-20 cm soil depth, respectively(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the MBF treatment also significantly(P<0.05) improved soil hydraulic conductivity relative to the CK treatment at the 20-30 cm soil depth. With regard to soil air permeability, the MWS and MWH treatments led to significantly(P<0.05) better soil pore continuity and hence higher soil air permeability at the 0-10 cm soil depth,compared to the CK treatment, while the MBF treatment yielded significantly(P<0.05) higher soil air permeability at both the10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil depths. The principal component analysis results indicated that the MWS treatment had the strongest improvement on soil water-gas transport properties at the 0-10 cm soil depth, and the MBF treatment had the strongest improvement at 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil depths. 【Conclusion】 To alleviate sub-surface soil compaction and improve soil water-gas transport properties, application of bioorganic fertilizer was highly recommended. The MBF treatment exhibited the best improvement in soil water-gas transport properties at 10-30 cm soil depth.
【Objective】 The comprehensive analysis of soil water and gas transport properties in response to different types of organic amendments is important for optimizing water and air environment of root-zone soil and improving the soil productivity.【Method】 For this purpose, a two-year(from June 2014 to June 2016) field experiment was conducted with a fixed plot test on a Lou soil(Eum-Orthic Anthrosols) in the Guanzhong Plain. There were five treatments: application of mineral fertilizer both alone(control, CK) and along with wheat straw(MWS), wheat husk(MWH), farmyard soil(MFS), and bioorganic fertilizer(MBF). This experiment was used to study the effects of combined use of mineral fertilizer and organic materials on soil porosity, hydraulic conductivity and air permeability in the 0-30 cm soil layer. These soil parameters were comprehensively evaluated by using the principal component analysis method.【Result】 Integrated application of organic materials and mineral fertilizer improved soil pore size distribution and promoted the increase in macro-porosity compared to the CK treatment. This was especially true at the 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm soil depths, where incorporation of organic materials significantly(P<0.05) increased soil macro-porosity by12.3%-136.4% compare to the CK treatment. The significant(P<0.05) increase in the macro-porosity was also recorded in the MWS treatment at the 10-20 cm depth soil layer compared to the CK treatment. Combination with organic materials and mineral fertilizer significantly(P<0.05) enhanced soil hydraulic conductivity at the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil depths compared to the CK treatment, such as increasing initial infiltration rate, steady infiltration rate, average infiltration rate, 90 min cumulative infiltration, as well as saturated hydraulic conductivity. These parameters were highest in the MWS treatment(greater by 5.3-8.8 times compared to the CK treatment) at the 0-10 cm soil depth and in the MBF treatment(greater by 2.0-4.5 times compared to the CK treatment) at the10-20 cm soil depth, respectively(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the MBF treatment also significantly(P<0.05) improved soil hydraulic conductivity relative to the CK treatment at the 20-30 cm soil depth. With regard to soil air permeability, the MWS and MWH treatments led to significantly(P<0.05) better soil pore continuity and hence higher soil air permeability at the 0-10 cm soil depth,compared to the CK treatment, while the MBF treatment yielded significantly(P<0.05) higher soil air permeability at both the10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil depths. The principal component analysis results indicated that the MWS treatment had the strongest improvement on soil water-gas transport properties at the 0-10 cm soil depth, and the MBF treatment had the strongest improvement at 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil depths. 【Conclusion】 To alleviate sub-surface soil compaction and improve soil water-gas transport properties, application of bioorganic fertilizer was highly recommended. The MBF treatment exhibited the best improvement in soil water-gas transport properties at 10-30 cm soil depth.
引文
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