流域初始状态对环境同位素法划分流量的影响
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摘要
在使用同位素示踪剂划分流量时,流域初始状态会对事件水和事件前水分割产生影响。为研究流域初始状态对环境同位素法划分流量的影响,以和睦桥流域2015—2016年间4场降雨事件为研究对象,根据稳定同位素含量(δ~(18)O)确定其在流域出口断面径流的不同水源组成比例,着重分析流域不同初始流量和前期土壤含水量对流量过程线划分的影响。结果表明:流域出口径流总量中事件前水占优,洪峰流量以事件水为主;流域不同初始状态下同位素分割结果不同,表明该流域存在多种产流机制,流域初始流量与总径流系数及事件水贡献比例呈负相关;前期土壤含水量与事件水贡献比例的影响模式复杂多变,但在前期土壤含水量较高或前期降雨较多的情况下,总径流中事件水贡献比例将降低。
The separation of storm hydrographs using stable isotope tracers provides a scientific basis for the study of runoff-formation mechanism and runoff calculation.Many research results show that there is a correlation between the initial watershed state and the event/pre-event water proportion. Hydrograph separations were conducted using stable isotope(δ~(18)O) to analyze the proportion of event/pre-event water on four rainfall events during 2015-2016 in Hemuqiao watershed and especially the influence of antecedent streamflow and soil moisture. The results indicated that pre-event water dominated streamflow but the event water accounted for more in the peak; the difference in hydrograph separations implied that multiple runoff generation patterns existed in different initial system states. The runoff coefficient and the contribution of event water to streamflow were negatively correlated with antecedent streamflow. The relationship between the contribution of event water and antecedentsoil moisture was complicated and the percentage event water of streamflow would decrease in the condition of high antecedentsoil moisture or large antecedent 5-day rainfall.
The separation of storm hydrographs using stable isotope tracers provides a scientific basis for the study of runoff-formation mechanism and runoff calculation.Many research results show that there is a correlation between the initial watershed state and the event/pre-event water proportion. Hydrograph separations were conducted using stable isotope(δ~(18)O) to analyze the proportion of event/pre-event water on four rainfall events during 2015-2016 in Hemuqiao watershed and especially the influence of antecedent streamflow and soil moisture. The results indicated that pre-event water dominated streamflow but the event water accounted for more in the peak; the difference in hydrograph separations implied that multiple runoff generation patterns existed in different initial system states. The runoff coefficient and the contribution of event water to streamflow were negatively correlated with antecedent streamflow. The relationship between the contribution of event water and antecedentsoil moisture was complicated and the percentage event water of streamflow would decrease in the condition of high antecedentsoil moisture or large antecedent 5-day rainfall.
引文
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[2] 顾慰祖,谢民.同位素示踪划分藤桥流域流量过程线的试验研究[J].水文,1997(1):30-33.
[3] CASPER M C,VOLKMANN H N,WALDENMEYER G,et al.The Separation of Flow Pathways in a Sandstone Catchment of the Northern Black Forest Using DOC and a Nested Approach[J].Physics & Chemistry of the Earth,2003,28(6):269-275.
[4] PELLERIN B A,WOLLHEIM W M,FENG X,et al.The Application of Electrical Conductivity as a Tracer for Hydrograph Separation in Urban Catchments[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,22(12):1810-1818.
[5] CEY E E,RUDOLPH D L,PARKIN G W,et al.Quantifying Groundwater Discharge to a Small perennial Stream in Southern Ontario,Canada[J].Journal of Hydrology,1998,210(1/2/3/4):21-37.
[6] KENNEDY V C,ZELLWEGER G W,AVANZINO R J.Variation of Rain Chemistry During Storms at Two Sites in Northern California[J].Water Resources Research,1979,15(3):687-702.
[7] 赵振兴,何建京.水力学[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2010:246.
[8] 瞿思敏,包为民,石朋,等.同位素流量过程线分割研究进展与展望[J].水电能源科学,2006,24(1):80-83.
[9] 顾慰祖.论流量过程线划分的环境同位素方法[J].水科学进展,1996,7(2):105-111.
[10] SKLASH M G,FARVOLDEN R N.The Use of Environmental Isotopes in the Study of High-runoff Episodes in Streams[J].Isotope Studies of Hydrologic Processes,1982(1):65-73.
[11] KLAUS J,MCDONNELL J J.Hydrograph Separation Using Stable Isotopes:Review andEvaluation[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,505(24):47-64.
[12] JAMES A L,ROULET N T.Antecedent Moisture Conditions and Catchment Morphology as Controls on Spatial Patterns of Runoff Generation in Small Forest Catchments[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,377(3):351-366.
[13] SEGURA C,JAMES A L,LAZZATI D,et al.Scaling Relationships for Event Water Contributions and Transit Times in Small-forested Catchments in Eastern Quebec[J].Water Resources Research,2012,48(7):W7502.
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