光伏直流电弧电磁辐射特性分析与测量方法
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摘要
直流故障电弧是威胁光伏系统安全运行的重要因素。该文研究光伏直流电弧电磁辐射信号特征及测量方法,探索电弧电磁辐射用于光伏直流电弧故障诊断与定位的可行性。直流电弧电磁辐射在时域呈现为一系列间断脉冲序列,其脉冲起始时刻与电弧电流突变时刻相对应,并且每个电磁辐射脉冲都是一个衰减的振荡信号。理论分析表明,电弧电磁辐射信号强度与电弧电流变化率近似成正比,电弧电磁辐射频谱最大值所对应频率与电弧电磁辐射脉冲宽度近似成反比。在此基础上,设计出一种用于电弧电磁辐射测量的三阶Hilbert分形天线,其有效频率范围为210～800MHz。实验结果表明,电弧电磁辐射强度与电流变化率的关系及其频谱最大值所对应频率与理论分析相吻合,验证了天线设计的正确性。此外,还分析了测量距离对电弧电磁辐射信号强度的影响,为电弧故障定位策略研究奠定了基础。
DC arcing fault is an important factor threatening the safe operation of photovoltaic(PV) system due to the lack of current zero crossing. In this paper, the characteristics and measurement methods of electromagnetic radiation emitted from DC arcs are studied, and the feasibility of arcing fault detection and location by using such electromagnetic radiation signals is investigated. The DC arcing electromagnetic radiation comprises a series of discontinuous impulse sequences in the time domain, the pulse start time corresponding to the sudden change of arcing current. Consequently, the electromagnetic radiation intensity is proportional to the current derivation. In addition, each single impulse appears as a damped oscillation signal, which determines the frequency spectrum of the radiation signal. Accordingly, a three-order Hilbert fractal antenna with a bandwidth of 210～800 MHz is designed. It is verified that both the frequency bandwidth and the frequency at maximum point of spectrum agree with the theoretical analysis. Finally, the effects of current derivation and distance from arcing point on arcing fault detection are analyzed, which is helpful to the arcing fault detection and location.
DC arcing fault is an important factor threatening the safe operation of photovoltaic(PV) system due to the lack of current zero crossing. In this paper, the characteristics and measurement methods of electromagnetic radiation emitted from DC arcs are studied, and the feasibility of arcing fault detection and location by using such electromagnetic radiation signals is investigated. The DC arcing electromagnetic radiation comprises a series of discontinuous impulse sequences in the time domain, the pulse start time corresponding to the sudden change of arcing current. Consequently, the electromagnetic radiation intensity is proportional to the current derivation. In addition, each single impulse appears as a damped oscillation signal, which determines the frequency spectrum of the radiation signal. Accordingly, a three-order Hilbert fractal antenna with a bandwidth of 210～800 MHz is designed. It is verified that both the frequency bandwidth and the frequency at maximum point of spectrum agree with the theoretical analysis. Finally, the effects of current derivation and distance from arcing point on arcing fault detection are analyzed, which is helpful to the arcing fault detection and location.
引文
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[10]刘源,汲胜昌,祝令瑜,等.直流电源系统中直流电弧特性及其检测方法研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(2):24-29.Liu Yuan,Ji Shengchang,Zhu Lingyu,et al.Characteristics and detection of DC arc in DC power system[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(2):24-29.
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[14]丁浩江,张认成,杨凯,等.利用电磁辐射信号的串并联电弧故障检测[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2015,36(2):132-136.Ding Haojiang,Zhang Rencheng,Yang Kai,et al.Series and parallel arc fault detection using electromagnetic radiation signal[J].Journal of Huaqiao University(Natural Science),2015,36(2):132-136.
[15]Charles J Kim.Electromagnetic radiation behavior of low-voltage arcing fault[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(1):416-423.
[16]Phipps K,Cooke T,Dorr D,et al.Frequency phenomenon and algorithms for arc detection[C]//2010 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility,Fort Lauderdale,FL,USA,2010:183-188.
[17]Charles Luebke,Tom Pier,Birger Pahl,et al.Field test results of DC arc fault detection on residential and utility scale PV arrays[C]//IEEE 37th Photovoltaic Specialistonference,Seattle,WA,USA,2011:1832-1836.
[18]UL1699B Photovoltaic(PV)DC Arc-Fault Circuit Protection[S].Underwriters Laboratories Inc.,2011.
[19]Xiong Qing,Ji Shengchang,Zhu Lingyu,et al.Anovel DC arc fault detection method based on electromagnetic radiation signal[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2017,45(3):472-478.
[20]王尧,李阳,葛磊蛟,等.基于滑动离散傅里叶变换的串联直流电弧故障识别[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(11):118-124.Wang Yao,Li Yang,Ge Leijiao,et al.A series DCarcing fault recognition smethod based on sliding discrete fourier transform[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(19):118-124.
[21]姚秀,汲胜昌,Luis Herrera,等.串联直流电弧特性及其在故障诊断中的应用[J].高压电器,2012,48(5):6-10.Yao Xiu,Ji Shengchang,Luis Herrera,et al.Series DC arc characteristic study and the application in fault recgnition[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(5):6-10.
[22]张瑜,吴少华.移动通信中微小区电波传输损耗的预测模型[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(4):64-66.Zhang Yu,Wu Shaohua.Model prediction of radio wave propagation loss at microcell in mobile communication[J].Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science),2008,36(4):64-66.
[23]沈鑫,束洪春,曹敏,等.变压器局部放电超高频在线监测天线研究[J].电测与仪表,2016,53(15A):235-241.Shen Xin,Shu Hongchun,Cao Min,et al.Research on Hilbert fractal antenna for UHF online monitoring of partial discharge in power transformers[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2016,53(15A):235-241.
[24]金卓睿.变压器局部放电超高频监测分形天线与最优小波去噪及信号识别研究[D].重庆:重庆大学2008.
[2]吴春华,闫俊驰,李智华.光伏系统故障电弧检测技术综述[J].电源技术,2014,31(9):1768-1770,1776.Wu Chunhua,Yan Junchi,Li Zhihua.Summary of DC arc fault detection technique of PV system[J].Power Technology,2014,38(9):1768-1770,1776.
[3]高源.光伏系统直流故障电弧的特征检测与防治策略[D].上海:复旦大学,2014.
[4]郭凤仪,李坤,陈昌垦,等.基于小波近似熵的串联电弧故障识别方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(24):164-172.Guo Fengyi,Li Kun,Chen Changken,et al.Series arc fault identification method based on wavelet approximate entropy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(24):164-172.
[5]胡义华,邓焰,何湘宁.光伏阵列故障诊断方法综述[J].电力电子技术,2013,47(3):21-23.Hu Yihua,Deng Yan,He Xiangning.A summary on PV array fault diagnosis method[J].Power Electronics,2013,47(3):21-23.
[6]Yao Xiu,Herrera L,Ji Shengchang,et al.Characteristic study and time-domain discrete-wavelettransform based hybrid detection of series DC arc faults[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(6):3103-3115.
[7]卢其威,王涛,李宗睿,等.基于小波变换和奇异值分解的串联电弧故障检测方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(17):208-217.Lu Qiwei,Wang Tao,Li Zongrui,et al.Detection method of series arcing fault based on wavelet transform and singular value decomposition[J]Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(17):208-217.
[8]张冠英,张晓亮,刘华,等.低压系统串联故障电弧在线监测方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(8):109-115.Zhang Guanying,Zhang Xiaoliang,Liu Hua,et al.Online detection method for series arcing fault in low voltage system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(8):109-115.
[9]林方圆,苏建徽,赖纪东.光伏系统直流故障电弧识别方法研究[J].电工电能新技术,2015,34(12):7-13.Lin Fangyuan,Su Jianhui,Lai Jidong.Study on detection method of DC arc fault in PV systems[J]Advanced Technology of Electrical Enginering and Energy,2015,34(12):7-13.
[10]刘源,汲胜昌,祝令瑜,等.直流电源系统中直流电弧特性及其检测方法研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(2):24-29.Liu Yuan,Ji Shengchang,Zhu Lingyu,et al.Characteristics and detection of DC arc in DC power system[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(2):24-29.
[11]Gao Yuan,Zhang Junjun,Lin Yandan,et al.An innovative photovoltaic DC arc fault detection method through multiple criteria algorithm based on a new arc initiation method[C]//IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference,Denver,CO,USA,2014:3188-3192.
[12]John J Shea,Charles J Luebke,Kevin L Parker.RFcurrent produced from DC electrical arcing[C]//Proceedings of ICEC-ICREPEC,Beijing,China2012:1-6.
[13]熊庆,汲胜昌,陆伟锋,等.低气压下串联直流电弧故障电磁辐射幅值及频率特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(4):1071-1080.Xiong Qing,Ji Shengchang,Lu Weifeng,et al Amplitude and frequency characteristics of electromagnetic radiation of series DC arc under low pressure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):1071-1080.
[14]丁浩江,张认成,杨凯,等.利用电磁辐射信号的串并联电弧故障检测[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2015,36(2):132-136.Ding Haojiang,Zhang Rencheng,Yang Kai,et al.Series and parallel arc fault detection using electromagnetic radiation signal[J].Journal of Huaqiao University(Natural Science),2015,36(2):132-136.
[15]Charles J Kim.Electromagnetic radiation behavior of low-voltage arcing fault[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(1):416-423.
[16]Phipps K,Cooke T,Dorr D,et al.Frequency phenomenon and algorithms for arc detection[C]//2010 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility,Fort Lauderdale,FL,USA,2010:183-188.
[17]Charles Luebke,Tom Pier,Birger Pahl,et al.Field test results of DC arc fault detection on residential and utility scale PV arrays[C]//IEEE 37th Photovoltaic Specialistonference,Seattle,WA,USA,2011:1832-1836.
[18]UL1699B Photovoltaic(PV)DC Arc-Fault Circuit Protection[S].Underwriters Laboratories Inc.,2011.
[19]Xiong Qing,Ji Shengchang,Zhu Lingyu,et al.Anovel DC arc fault detection method based on electromagnetic radiation signal[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2017,45(3):472-478.
[20]王尧,李阳,葛磊蛟,等.基于滑动离散傅里叶变换的串联直流电弧故障识别[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(11):118-124.Wang Yao,Li Yang,Ge Leijiao,et al.A series DCarcing fault recognition smethod based on sliding discrete fourier transform[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(19):118-124.
[21]姚秀,汲胜昌,Luis Herrera,等.串联直流电弧特性及其在故障诊断中的应用[J].高压电器,2012,48(5):6-10.Yao Xiu,Ji Shengchang,Luis Herrera,et al.Series DC arc characteristic study and the application in fault recgnition[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(5):6-10.
[22]张瑜,吴少华.移动通信中微小区电波传输损耗的预测模型[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(4):64-66.Zhang Yu,Wu Shaohua.Model prediction of radio wave propagation loss at microcell in mobile communication[J].Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science),2008,36(4):64-66.
[23]沈鑫,束洪春,曹敏,等.变压器局部放电超高频在线监测天线研究[J].电测与仪表,2016,53(15A):235-241.Shen Xin,Shu Hongchun,Cao Min,et al.Research on Hilbert fractal antenna for UHF online monitoring of partial discharge in power transformers[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2016,53(15A):235-241.
[24]金卓睿.变压器局部放电超高频监测分形天线与最优小波去噪及信号识别研究[D].重庆:重庆大学2008.