粉砂岩路堑高边坡施工监测与动态设计
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摘要
结合高速公路路堑高边坡工程实例,利用施工监测联合边坡稳定有限元数值模拟进行边坡动态设计。研究结果表明:通过监测边坡施工现场深部位移可以及早发现边坡滑动趋势,准确推测边坡潜在滑动面位置;粉砂岩路堑高边坡开挖后在自然状态下基本稳定,但是在降雨饱水条件下边坡塑性变形区范围增大,边坡安全系数显著降低,边坡由局部破坏发展为整体滑动破坏,模拟分析结果与施工监测结果具有较好的一致性;利用边坡稳定分析有限元强度折减法计算得到的边坡变形拟合实测变形和滑动面,可以确定坡体当前状态的等效力学参数;采用有限元数值模拟方法优化设计边坡加固方案,可以确定边坡最终形态以及锚索加固位置、加固长度、加固密度和设计预应力;边坡优化设计后,在自然与降雨饱水2种工况下边坡塑性应变区域及位移形变量均较小,边坡安全系数满足设计规范的安全要求;施工完成后,边坡处于稳定状态,说明基于现场监测联合有限元分析方法确定的边坡加固方案是可靠的。
Using expressway cutting high slope as an engineering example, the method of slope dynamic design was used by combining construction monitoring with finite element numerical simulation of slope stability. The results show that the trend of slope sliding can be found early according to the monitored deep displacement of the slope construction site,and the potential slip surface position of the slope can be accurately estimated. Siltstone cutting high slope is basically stable under natural condition, but the range of slope plastic deformation zone is enlarged. Slope safety coefficient decreases significantly and the local slope failure develops to whole sliding failure under the condition of saturation of rainfall. The simulation analysis result and construction monitoring result have good consistency. The equivalent mechanical parameters of the current state of the slope can be determined by fitting the measured deformation and sliding surface of slope with the deformation calculated by slope stability analysis with finite element strength reduction method.The slope reinforcement scheme is further optimized by finite element numerical simulation, which determines the final shape of the slope and the location of reinforcement, length of reinforcement, density of reinforcement and design of prestress. After optimization, the plastic strain area and displacement of the slope are both at a relatively small level under natural working condition and rainfall saturated condition. Additionally, the safety factor of the slope meets the safety requirement of the design specification. The slope is in a stable state till the end of construction, which indicates that the reinforcement scheme based on field monitoring and finite element analysis is reliable.
Using expressway cutting high slope as an engineering example, the method of slope dynamic design was used by combining construction monitoring with finite element numerical simulation of slope stability. The results show that the trend of slope sliding can be found early according to the monitored deep displacement of the slope construction site,and the potential slip surface position of the slope can be accurately estimated. Siltstone cutting high slope is basically stable under natural condition, but the range of slope plastic deformation zone is enlarged. Slope safety coefficient decreases significantly and the local slope failure develops to whole sliding failure under the condition of saturation of rainfall. The simulation analysis result and construction monitoring result have good consistency. The equivalent mechanical parameters of the current state of the slope can be determined by fitting the measured deformation and sliding surface of slope with the deformation calculated by slope stability analysis with finite element strength reduction method.The slope reinforcement scheme is further optimized by finite element numerical simulation, which determines the final shape of the slope and the location of reinforcement, length of reinforcement, density of reinforcement and design of prestress. After optimization, the plastic strain area and displacement of the slope are both at a relatively small level under natural working condition and rainfall saturated condition. Additionally, the safety factor of the slope meets the safety requirement of the design specification. The slope is in a stable state till the end of construction, which indicates that the reinforcement scheme based on field monitoring and finite element analysis is reliable.
引文
[1]黄志怀,李国维,王思敬,等.粤赣高速公路k35高边坡加固效果监测与评价[J].岩土力学,2008,29(10):2783-2788.HUANG Zhihuai,LI Guowei,WANG Sijing,et al.Monitoring and evaluation high slope K35 of Yue-Gan expressway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(10):2783-2788.
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[11]王金昌,陈页开.ABAQUS在土木工程中的应用[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006:164-166.WANG Jinchang,CHEN Yekai.Application of ABAQUS in civil engineering[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2006:164-166.
[12]郑颖人,赵尚毅,张鲁渝.用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(10):57-61.ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi,ZHANG Luyu.Slope stability analysis by strength reduction FEM[J].Engineering Science,2002,4(10):57-61.
[13]DAWSON E M,ROTH W H,DRESCHER A.Slope stability analysis by strength reduction[J].Geotechnique,1996,49(6):835-840.
[14]李国维,顾忠卫,贺冠军,等.基于施工监测和三维模拟的临危边坡锚固方案研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(5):1408-1416.LI Guowei,GU Zhongwei,HE Guanjun,el at.Anchorage scheme against imminent failure of slope based on on-site monitoring and 3D numerical modeling[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(5):1408-1416.
[15]张红日,王桂尧,张永杰,等.基于位移监测的岩质滑带参数拟合反演研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(增刊2):875-881.ZHANG Hongri,WANG Guiyao,ZHANG Yongjie,el at.Study on fitting inversion for the parameters of rock slip zone based on displacement monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(Suppl 2):875-881.
[16]周翠英,张乐民.软岩与水相互作用的非线性动力学过程分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4035-4041.ZHOU Cuiying,ZHANG Lemin.Analysis of the nonlinear dynamic process of the interaction between soft rock and water[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4035-4041.
[17]姚华彦,张振华,朱朝辉,等.干湿交替对砂岩力学特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,32(12):3704-3708.YAO Huayan,ZHANG Zhenhua,ZHU Chaohui,el at.Experimental study of mechanical properties of sandstone under cyclic drying and wetting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,32(12):3704-3708.
[18]JTG D30-2015.公路路基设计规范[S].JTG D30-2015.Specifications for design highway subgrades[S].
[2]许湘华,王强,方理刚.高速公路路堑边坡施工过程动态稳定性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,37(5):1008-1012.XU Xianghua,WANG Qiang,FANG Ligang.Analysis on the stability of expressway slope during construction[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2006,37(5):1008-1012.
[3]贾娟,汪益敏,林叔忠.不良地质路堑高边坡的施工模拟与监测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4106-4111.JIA Juan,WANG Yimin,LIN Shuzhong.Construction simulation and monitoring data analysis of high cut slope with faulty geology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4106-4111.
[4]程强,黄绍槟,周永江.公路深挖路堑边坡工程施工监测与动态设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1335-1340.CHENG Qiang,HUANG Shaobin,ZHOU Yongjiang.Construction monitor and dynamic design of highway deep road cut slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1335-1340.
[5]贺可强,陈为公,张朋.蠕滑型边坡动态稳定性系数实时监测及其位移预警判据研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1377-1385.HE Keqiang,CHEN Weigong,ZHANG Peng.Real-time monitoring of dynamic stability coefficient and displacement criterion of the creep slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1377-1385.
[6]沈强,陈从新.高速公路失稳高边坡动态设计[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增刊2):283-286.SHEN Qiang,CHEN Congxin.Dynamic design for unstable high slope along expressway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Suppl 2):283-286.
[7]祝建,姜海波,蔡庆娥.西康高速公路K129滑坡失稳分析及治理工程动态设计与信息化施工[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(3):433-439.ZHU Jian,JIANG Haibo,CAI Qing’e.Instability analysis,observational design and informative construction of K129landslide on Xikang highway,Shaanxi[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(3):433-439.
[8]王在泉,王建波.复杂边坡工程稳定性监测及信息施工[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(6):587-593.WANG Zaiquan,WANG Jianbo.Stability monitoring of complex slope engineering system and its construction based on monitoring information[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(6):587-593.
[9]广东省公路勘察规划设计院股份有限公司.武(汉)深(圳)高速公路仁化至博罗段A5合同段工程地质勘察报告[R].广州:广东省公路勘察规划设计院股份有限公司,2015:13-15.Guangdong Highway Survey Planning and Design Institute Co.Ltd.Engineering geological survey report of A5 Contract Section from Renhua to Boluo Section of Wuhan-Shenzhen Expressway[R].Guangzhou:Guangdong Highway Survey Planning and Design Institute Co.Ltd.,2015:13-15.
[10]王兆阳.公路边坡岩土参数反演分析与动态设计方法研究[D].广州:华南理工大学土木与交通学院,2018:45-47.Wang Zhaoyang.Study on back analysis of soil parameters and dynamic design method of highway slope[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology.Institute of Civil and Transportation,2018:45-47.
[11]王金昌,陈页开.ABAQUS在土木工程中的应用[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006:164-166.WANG Jinchang,CHEN Yekai.Application of ABAQUS in civil engineering[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2006:164-166.
[12]郑颖人,赵尚毅,张鲁渝.用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(10):57-61.ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi,ZHANG Luyu.Slope stability analysis by strength reduction FEM[J].Engineering Science,2002,4(10):57-61.
[13]DAWSON E M,ROTH W H,DRESCHER A.Slope stability analysis by strength reduction[J].Geotechnique,1996,49(6):835-840.
[14]李国维,顾忠卫,贺冠军,等.基于施工监测和三维模拟的临危边坡锚固方案研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(5):1408-1416.LI Guowei,GU Zhongwei,HE Guanjun,el at.Anchorage scheme against imminent failure of slope based on on-site monitoring and 3D numerical modeling[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(5):1408-1416.
[15]张红日,王桂尧,张永杰,等.基于位移监测的岩质滑带参数拟合反演研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(增刊2):875-881.ZHANG Hongri,WANG Guiyao,ZHANG Yongjie,el at.Study on fitting inversion for the parameters of rock slip zone based on displacement monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(Suppl 2):875-881.
[16]周翠英,张乐民.软岩与水相互作用的非线性动力学过程分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4035-4041.ZHOU Cuiying,ZHANG Lemin.Analysis of the nonlinear dynamic process of the interaction between soft rock and water[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4035-4041.
[17]姚华彦,张振华,朱朝辉,等.干湿交替对砂岩力学特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,32(12):3704-3708.YAO Huayan,ZHANG Zhenhua,ZHU Chaohui,el at.Experimental study of mechanical properties of sandstone under cyclic drying and wetting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,32(12):3704-3708.
[18]JTG D30-2015.公路路基设计规范[S].JTG D30-2015.Specifications for design highway subgrades[S].