成层软土地区高层建筑PHC管桩抗震性能研究
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摘要
以天津成层软土地质条件下采用桩筏基础的高层建筑为背景,利用有限元方法建立上部结构-桩-土相互作用模型,对PHC管桩在地震荷载下的内力进行研究。研究表明,桩筏基础在地震荷载作用下,角桩将产生较大的内力,减少承台对管桩转动自由度的约束可有效改善其抗震性能。有地下室的结构在地震荷载下的桩顶内力将小于无地下室的结构,但其影响范围在桩顶以下10倍桩径范围内,此外,桩顶周围软弱土层的存在也会对桩顶内力产生较大影响,因此在进行设计时,应充分考虑地下室和桩顶周围软弱土层的综合作用,仅考虑地下室的影响可能会使管桩在地震荷载下处于不利的受力状态,改良桩顶周围土体的性质可明显降低地震荷载作用下的管桩顶部内力。
Considering the high-rise building which is supported by piled raft foundation with PHC pipe piles in layered soft soils of Tianjin, a structure-pile-layer soil model was built using finite element method to ascertain seismic performance of the piles. The research shows that the piles around the corner of the pile group suffer larger internal force under earthquake load. Reducing the constraint of cap on pile top at rotational degree of freedom can effectively improve the seismic performance of PHC piles. The structure with basement generates lower internal force of pile top than the structure without basement during the earthquake, and the influence zone of basement is in the range of 10 times of pile diameter from the pile top. Besides, the PHC pipe piles with soft soil layer around the top suffer larger internal force under seismic load. Both the effect of basement and soft soil layer around pile top should be considered in the foundation design. Only considering the influence of the basement is likely to make the pile under adverse stress state during earthquake. Improving the soil properties around pile top can reduce the internal force of top of the PHC pipe piles under earthquake load significantly.
Considering the high-rise building which is supported by piled raft foundation with PHC pipe piles in layered soft soils of Tianjin, a structure-pile-layer soil model was built using finite element method to ascertain seismic performance of the piles. The research shows that the piles around the corner of the pile group suffer larger internal force under earthquake load. Reducing the constraint of cap on pile top at rotational degree of freedom can effectively improve the seismic performance of PHC piles. The structure with basement generates lower internal force of pile top than the structure without basement during the earthquake, and the influence zone of basement is in the range of 10 times of pile diameter from the pile top. Besides, the PHC pipe piles with soft soil layer around the top suffer larger internal force under seismic load. Both the effect of basement and soft soil layer around pile top should be considered in the foundation design. Only considering the influence of the basement is likely to make the pile under adverse stress state during earthquake. Improving the soil properties around pile top can reduce the internal force of top of the PHC pipe piles under earthquake load significantly.
引文
[1]张仕,李欢秋,王爱勋.提高PHC管桩在深基坑支护中应用的技术途径[J].地下空间与工程学报,2011,12(增2):1643-1647(Zhang Shi,Li Huanqiu,Wang Aixun.Technical approaches to improvement of application of PHC pile in deep foundation pit[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2011,12(S2):1643-1647(in Chinese))
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[6]刘惠珊.桩基抗震设计探讨-日本阪神大地震的启示[J].工程抗震,2000(3):27-32(Liu Huishang.Discussion on seismic design of pile foundation-the revelations of Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake in Japan[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,2000(3):27-32(in Chinese))
[7]易伟建,夏玲琼.近场地震下考虑桩-土-框架结构相互作用的拟动力试验[J].土木工程学报,2014,47(4):1-8(Yi Weijian,Xia Lingqiong.Pseudo dynamic experimental analysis of pile-soil-frame interaction in near-fault earthquakes[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2014,47(4):1-8(in Chinese))
[8]吕西林,陈跃庆,陈波,等.结构-地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):20-29(Lv Xilin,Chen Yueqing,Chen Bo,et al.Shaking table testing of dynamic soil-structure interaction system[J].Earthquake engineering and engineering vibration,2000,20(4):20-29(in Chinese))
[9]姜忻良,李岳.土-桩-偏心结构相互作用体系振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(8):106-111(Jiang Xinliang,Li Yue.Shanking table test of soil-pile-eccentric structure interaction system[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(8):106-111(in Chinese))
[10]李建文.非饱和砂土动力特性与桩-土-框架结构抗震性能研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2016(Li Jianwen.Testing study of the unsaturated sandy soil dynamic characteristic and pile-soil-framed structure seismic performance research[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2016(in Chinese))
[11]Kavvadas M,Gazetas G.Kinematic seismic response and bending of free-head piles in layered soil[J].Geotechnique,1993,43(2):207-222
[12]管晔.考虑土与结构相互作用的天津站交通枢纽工程地震反应分析[D].天津:天津大学建筑工程学院,2010(Guan Ye.The seismic responds analysis of Tianjin Station Transport Junction considering the soil-structure interaction[D].Tianjin:School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,2010(in Chinese))
[13]王平.桩-土-承台体系动力相互作用的数值模拟[D].天津:河北工业大学土木工程学院,2006(Wang Ping.Numerical modeling of pile-soil-cap dynamic interaction under seismic loading[D].Tianjin:School of Civil Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,2006(in Chinese))
[14]杨小卫.桩-土-结构动力相互作用的数值分析[D].武汉:武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院,2006(Yang Xiaowei.Numerical analysis of pile-soil-structure[D].Wuhan:School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology,2006(in Chinese))
[15]杨树标,唐伟,贾剑辉.管桩模型振动台试验的应变测试分析研究[J].建筑科学,2012,28(3):34-37(Yang Shubiao,Tang Wei,Jia Jianhui.The analysis on strain testing of tube pile shaking table test[J].Building Science,2012,28(3):34-37(in Chinese))
[16]刘春原,李光宏,李兵.预应力管桩振动台试验的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(增1):265-269(Liu Chunyuan,Li Guanghong,Li Bing.Numerical analysis of shaking table test for prestressed pipe piles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(S1):265-269(in Chinese))
[17]李曰辰,邢克勇,刘浩,等.考虑土-桩-结构相互作用的PHC管桩抗震性能试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(2):401-410(Li Yuechen,Xing Keyong,Liu Hao,et al.Experimental study of seismic performance of PHC pipe pile considering soil-pile-structure interaction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(2):401-410(in Chinese))
[18]付毳,黄福云,陈宝春,等.沿海软土地区PHC管桩-土-结构模型振动台试验[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(10):81-92(Fu Cui,Huang Fuyun,Chen Chunbao,et al.Shaking table test on structure-soil-pile of PHC in coastal soft-soil area[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport.2017,30(10):81-92(in Chinese))
[19]唐孟雄,戚玉亮,周治国,等.填芯PHC管桩桩身抗压承载力试验与理论计算方法研究[J].建筑结构,2015,45(1):67-71(Tang Mengxiong,Qi Yuliang,Zhou Zhiguo,et al.Study on experiment and theoretical calculation method of compressive bearing capacity of filled PHC pipe piles[J].Building Structure.2015,45(1):67-71(in Chinese))
[20]王维俊,张立,李伟科,等.岩溶地区复合地基静压PHC管桩应用分析[J].建筑结构,2018,48(9):112-115(Wang Weijun,Zhang Li,Li Weike,et al.Application analysis of static pressure PHC pipe pile in composite foundation in karst district[J].Building Structure,2018,48(9):112-115(in Chinese))
[21]郑刚,张楠,巴振宁,等.成层软土地基PHC管桩抗震性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(增2):506-510(Zheng Gang,Zhang Nan,Ba Zhenning,et al.Seismic performance of PHC pipe piles in layered soft soils[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(S2):506-510(in Chinese))
[22]Desai C S.Numerical design-analysis for piles in sands[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1974,100(6):613-635
[23]刘晶波,谷音,杜义欣.一致粘弹性人工边界及粘弹性边界单元[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(9):1070-1075(Liu Jingbo,Gu Yin,Du Yixin.Consistent viscous-spring artificial boundaries and viscous-spring boundary elements[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(9):1070-1075(in Chinese))
[24]Kouroussis G,Verlinden O,Conti C.Finite-Dynamic model for infinite media:corrected solution of viscous boundary efficiency[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics.2011,137(7):509-511
[25]顾晓鲁.地基与基础[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003(Gu Xiaolu.Ground and Foundation[M].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2003(in Chinese))
[26]王启铜.柔性桩的沉降(位移)特性及荷载传递规律[D].杭州:浙江大学建筑工程学院,1991(Wang Qitong.Characteristic of settlement(displacement)and load transmission mechanism of the flexible pile[D].Hangzhou:College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,1991(in Chinese))
[2]DB29-110―2010预应力混凝土管桩技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010(Tianjin Construction and Traffic Committee.DB29-110―2010 Technical specification for prestressed concreter pipe pile foundation[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010(in Chinese))
[3]DB33/1016―2004先张法预应力混凝土管桩基础技术规程(浙江)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004(DB33/1016―2004 Specification for pretensioned spun concrete pile foundation[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2004(in Chinese))
[4]DGJ32/TJ 109-2010预应力混凝土管桩技术规程(江苏)[S].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2010(DGJ32/TJ109-2010 Technical specification for prestressed concreter pipe pile foundation[S].Nanjing:Phoenix Science Press,2010(in Chinese))
[5]刘惠珊.桩基震害及原因分析-日本阪神大地震的启示[J].工程抗震,1999(1):37-43(Liu Huishan,Damage of pile foundations and the analysis of its results-the revelations of Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake in Japan[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,1999(1):37-43(in Chinese))
[6]刘惠珊.桩基抗震设计探讨-日本阪神大地震的启示[J].工程抗震,2000(3):27-32(Liu Huishang.Discussion on seismic design of pile foundation-the revelations of Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake in Japan[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,2000(3):27-32(in Chinese))
[7]易伟建,夏玲琼.近场地震下考虑桩-土-框架结构相互作用的拟动力试验[J].土木工程学报,2014,47(4):1-8(Yi Weijian,Xia Lingqiong.Pseudo dynamic experimental analysis of pile-soil-frame interaction in near-fault earthquakes[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2014,47(4):1-8(in Chinese))
[8]吕西林,陈跃庆,陈波,等.结构-地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):20-29(Lv Xilin,Chen Yueqing,Chen Bo,et al.Shaking table testing of dynamic soil-structure interaction system[J].Earthquake engineering and engineering vibration,2000,20(4):20-29(in Chinese))
[9]姜忻良,李岳.土-桩-偏心结构相互作用体系振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(8):106-111(Jiang Xinliang,Li Yue.Shanking table test of soil-pile-eccentric structure interaction system[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(8):106-111(in Chinese))
[10]李建文.非饱和砂土动力特性与桩-土-框架结构抗震性能研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2016(Li Jianwen.Testing study of the unsaturated sandy soil dynamic characteristic and pile-soil-framed structure seismic performance research[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2016(in Chinese))
[11]Kavvadas M,Gazetas G.Kinematic seismic response and bending of free-head piles in layered soil[J].Geotechnique,1993,43(2):207-222
[12]管晔.考虑土与结构相互作用的天津站交通枢纽工程地震反应分析[D].天津:天津大学建筑工程学院,2010(Guan Ye.The seismic responds analysis of Tianjin Station Transport Junction considering the soil-structure interaction[D].Tianjin:School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,2010(in Chinese))
[13]王平.桩-土-承台体系动力相互作用的数值模拟[D].天津:河北工业大学土木工程学院,2006(Wang Ping.Numerical modeling of pile-soil-cap dynamic interaction under seismic loading[D].Tianjin:School of Civil Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,2006(in Chinese))
[14]杨小卫.桩-土-结构动力相互作用的数值分析[D].武汉:武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院,2006(Yang Xiaowei.Numerical analysis of pile-soil-structure[D].Wuhan:School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology,2006(in Chinese))
[15]杨树标,唐伟,贾剑辉.管桩模型振动台试验的应变测试分析研究[J].建筑科学,2012,28(3):34-37(Yang Shubiao,Tang Wei,Jia Jianhui.The analysis on strain testing of tube pile shaking table test[J].Building Science,2012,28(3):34-37(in Chinese))
[16]刘春原,李光宏,李兵.预应力管桩振动台试验的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(增1):265-269(Liu Chunyuan,Li Guanghong,Li Bing.Numerical analysis of shaking table test for prestressed pipe piles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(S1):265-269(in Chinese))
[17]李曰辰,邢克勇,刘浩,等.考虑土-桩-结构相互作用的PHC管桩抗震性能试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(2):401-410(Li Yuechen,Xing Keyong,Liu Hao,et al.Experimental study of seismic performance of PHC pipe pile considering soil-pile-structure interaction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(2):401-410(in Chinese))
[18]付毳,黄福云,陈宝春,等.沿海软土地区PHC管桩-土-结构模型振动台试验[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(10):81-92(Fu Cui,Huang Fuyun,Chen Chunbao,et al.Shaking table test on structure-soil-pile of PHC in coastal soft-soil area[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport.2017,30(10):81-92(in Chinese))
[19]唐孟雄,戚玉亮,周治国,等.填芯PHC管桩桩身抗压承载力试验与理论计算方法研究[J].建筑结构,2015,45(1):67-71(Tang Mengxiong,Qi Yuliang,Zhou Zhiguo,et al.Study on experiment and theoretical calculation method of compressive bearing capacity of filled PHC pipe piles[J].Building Structure.2015,45(1):67-71(in Chinese))
[20]王维俊,张立,李伟科,等.岩溶地区复合地基静压PHC管桩应用分析[J].建筑结构,2018,48(9):112-115(Wang Weijun,Zhang Li,Li Weike,et al.Application analysis of static pressure PHC pipe pile in composite foundation in karst district[J].Building Structure,2018,48(9):112-115(in Chinese))
[21]郑刚,张楠,巴振宁,等.成层软土地基PHC管桩抗震性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(增2):506-510(Zheng Gang,Zhang Nan,Ba Zhenning,et al.Seismic performance of PHC pipe piles in layered soft soils[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(S2):506-510(in Chinese))
[22]Desai C S.Numerical design-analysis for piles in sands[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1974,100(6):613-635
[23]刘晶波,谷音,杜义欣.一致粘弹性人工边界及粘弹性边界单元[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(9):1070-1075(Liu Jingbo,Gu Yin,Du Yixin.Consistent viscous-spring artificial boundaries and viscous-spring boundary elements[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(9):1070-1075(in Chinese))
[24]Kouroussis G,Verlinden O,Conti C.Finite-Dynamic model for infinite media:corrected solution of viscous boundary efficiency[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics.2011,137(7):509-511
[25]顾晓鲁.地基与基础[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003(Gu Xiaolu.Ground and Foundation[M].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2003(in Chinese))
[26]王启铜.柔性桩的沉降(位移)特性及荷载传递规律[D].杭州:浙江大学建筑工程学院,1991(Wang Qitong.Characteristic of settlement(displacement)and load transmission mechanism of the flexible pile[D].Hangzhou:College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,1991(in Chinese))