长白山云冷杉针阔混交林半分解层凋落物生态功能
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摘要
[目的]以长白山天然云冷杉针阔混交林为研究对象,分析凋落物的现存量及持水性能和养分归还量等,从水源涵养和养分归还两方面阐述森林凋落物的生态功能。[方法]基于等距离网格布点法,在4块1 hm~2样地上采集凋落高峰期前(8月下旬)半分解层的凋落物样品400个,并对其生态功能指标进行测定分析。[结果]4块云冷杉针阔混交林样地半分解层凋落物现存量均值为19.50 t·hm~(-2);持水量均值为5.56 t·hm~(-2),持水率均值为64.08%;全碳(C)、全氮(N)和全磷(P)的养分浓度均值分别为421.68、18.86和1.26 g·kg~(-1),养分归还量均值依次为8.16、0.36和0.02 t·hm~(-2),养分利用效率大小顺序为P>N>C。[结论]天然云冷杉针阔混交林各样地间虽存在差异,但其半分解层凋落物的水源涵养和养分归还等生态功能均较好,林下凋落物分解速度较快,持水性能较好,养分归还量较多。
[Objective] To study the ecological function of semi-decomposition litter in natural spruce-fir mixed forest of Changbai Mountains by measuring its standing crop, water holding capacity and nutrients return. [Method] Four 1-hm~2 plots were selected for sample collection and 400 semi-decomposition litter samples were collected with equidistant grid point sampling method before the peak of falling(late August) to determine the ecological function indices. [Result] The results showed that the average amount of semi-decomposition litter in the four plots was 19.50 t·hm~(-2); the average water holding capacity was 5.56 t·hm~(-2) and the average water holding rate was 64.08%; the average concentrations of total carbon(C), total nitrogen(N) and total phosphorus(P) were 421.68 g·kg~(-1), 18.86 g·kg~(-1) and 1.26 g·kg~(-1), the average return of nutrients(C, N, P) were 8.16 t·hm~(-2), 0.36 t·hm~(-2) and 0.02 t·hm~(-2), respectively, and nutrients use efficiency was in the order of P > N > C. [Conclusion] Although there are differences among the four plots in natural spruce-fir mixed forest of Changbai Mountains, the semi-decomposition litter has higher water conservation and nutrient return with faster decomposition rate, better water holding capacity and more nutrient return.
[Objective] To study the ecological function of semi-decomposition litter in natural spruce-fir mixed forest of Changbai Mountains by measuring its standing crop, water holding capacity and nutrients return. [Method] Four 1-hm~2 plots were selected for sample collection and 400 semi-decomposition litter samples were collected with equidistant grid point sampling method before the peak of falling(late August) to determine the ecological function indices. [Result] The results showed that the average amount of semi-decomposition litter in the four plots was 19.50 t·hm~(-2); the average water holding capacity was 5.56 t·hm~(-2) and the average water holding rate was 64.08%; the average concentrations of total carbon(C), total nitrogen(N) and total phosphorus(P) were 421.68 g·kg~(-1), 18.86 g·kg~(-1) and 1.26 g·kg~(-1), the average return of nutrients(C, N, P) were 8.16 t·hm~(-2), 0.36 t·hm~(-2) and 0.02 t·hm~(-2), respectively, and nutrients use efficiency was in the order of P > N > C. [Conclusion] Although there are differences among the four plots in natural spruce-fir mixed forest of Changbai Mountains, the semi-decomposition litter has higher water conservation and nutrient return with faster decomposition rate, better water holding capacity and more nutrient return.
引文
[1] 杨清伟. 贡嘎山峨眉冷杉原始林及其更新群落凋落物的特征[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2001, 10(3):35-38.
[2] Facelli J M, Pickett S T A. Plant litter: Its dynamics and effects on plant community structure[J]. Botanical Review, 1991, 57(1):1-32.
[3] Jijeesh C M, Seethalakshmi K K. Litterfall and decomposition dynamics of six year old Bambusa balcooa Roxb. homestead block plantation in Palakkad, central Kerala[J]. Range Management & Agroforestry, 2017, 37(2):155-161.
[4] 葛结林, 熊高明, 李家湘,等. 中国南方灌丛凋落物现存量[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(1):5-13.
[5] 黄宗胜, 符裕红, 喻理飞. 喀斯特森林植被自然恢复中凋落物现存量及其碳库特征演化[J]. 林业科学研究, 2013, 26(1):8-14.
[6] 张恒, 金森, 邸雪颖. 大兴安岭森林凋落物含水率的季节动态与预测[J]. 林业科学研究, 2014, 27(5):683-688.
[7] Dunlop M W, Blackall P J, Stuetz R M. Water addition, evaporation and water holding capacity of poultry litter[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 538:979-985.
[8] 崔鸿侠, 潘磊, 黄志霖,等. 神农架巴山冷杉林凋落物量养分归还及分解特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2017, 41(1):194-198.
[9] 施妍, 陈芳清. 大老岭自然保护区日本落叶松林凋落物分解及养分释放研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2016, 29(3):430-435.
[10] Paudel E, Dossa G G O, Xu J, et al. Litterfall and nutrient return along a disturbance gradient in a tropical montane forest[J]. Forest Ecology & Management, 2015, 353:97-106.
[11] 郑金萍, 郭忠玲, 徐程扬,等. 长白山北坡主要森林群落凋落物现存量月动态[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(15):4299-4307.
[12] Guo L B, Sims R E H, Horne D J. Biomass production and nutrient cycling in Eucalyptus short rotation energy forests in New Zealand: II. Litter fall and nutrient return.[J]. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2006, 30(5):393-404.
[13] 常雅军, 曹靖, 马建伟,等. 秦岭西部山地针叶林凋落物持水特性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(11):2346-2351.
[14] 刘颖, 韩士杰, 林鹿. 长白山四种森林类型凋落物动态特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28(1):7-11.
[15] 李翔, 王海燕, 秦倩倩,等. 采伐对天然云冷杉针阔混交林半分解层凋落物现存量、含水率及林分郁闭度空间异质性的影响[J]. 林业科学研究, 2018, 31(6):114-120.
[16] 崔建国, 镡娟. 辽西油松蒙古栎林下凋落物现存量及持水能力的研究等[J]. 水土保持研究, 2008, 15(2): 154-158.
[17] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.
[18] 葛晓改, 周本智, 肖文发. 马尾松人工林凋落物产量、养分含量及养分归还量特性[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2014, 23(7):954-961.
[19] 薛达, 薛立, 罗山. 日本中部风景林凋落物量、养分归还量[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2001, 22(1):23-26.
[20] 王凤友. 森林凋落量研究综述[J]. 生态学进展, 1989, 6(2):82-89.
[21] 魏晶, 吴钢, 邓红兵. 长白山高山冻原生态系统凋落物养分归还功能[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(10):2211-2216.
[22] 张洪亮, 张毓涛, 张新平,等. 天山中部天然云杉林凋落物层水文生态功能研究[J]. 干旱区地理(汉文版), 2011, 34(2):271-277.
[23] 马文济, 赵延涛, 张晴晴,等. 浙江天童常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段地表凋落物的C、N、P化学计量特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(8):833-842.
[24] 郑路, 卢立华. 我国森林地表凋落物现存量及养分特征[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2012, 27(1):63-69.
[25] 魏强, 凌雷, 张广忠,等. 甘肃兴隆山主要森林类型凋落物累积量及持水特性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(10):2589-2598.
[26] 朱金兆, 刘建军, 朱清科,等. 森林凋落物层水文生态功能研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2002, 24(5):30-34.
[27] 刘艳, 孙向阳, 范俊岗,等. 辽宁省森林枯落物现存量及其持水性能[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2017(4):689-699.
[28] 刘世荣. 中国森林生态系统水文生态功能规律[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 1996.
[29] 任向荣, 薛立, 曹鹤,等. 3种人工林凋落物的持水特性[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2008, 29(3):47-51.
[30] Guo J, Xie J, Lu H, et al. Carbon return and dynamics of litterfall in natural forest and monoculture plantation of Castanopsis kawakamii, in subtropical China[J]. Forestry Studies in China, 2004, 6(1):33-36.
[31] 刘洋, 张健, 冯茂松. 巨桉人工林凋落物数量、养分归还量及分解动态[J]. 林业科学, 2006, 42(7):1-10.
[32] 常雅军, 曹靖, 李建建,等. 秦岭西部山地针叶林凋落物层的化学性质[J]. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28(7):1308-1315.
[33] Tang J W, Cao M, Zhang J H, et al. Litterfall production, decomposition and nutrient use efficiency varies with tropical forest types in Xishuangbanna, SW China: a 10-year study[J]. Plant & Soil, 2010, 335(1-2):271-288.
[34] Vitousek P. Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency[J]. American Naturalist, 1982, 119(4):553-572.
[35] 郭继勋, 孙刚. 松嫩平原羊草草原凋落物层群落学作用的研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2000, 24(4):473-476.
[2] Facelli J M, Pickett S T A. Plant litter: Its dynamics and effects on plant community structure[J]. Botanical Review, 1991, 57(1):1-32.
[3] Jijeesh C M, Seethalakshmi K K. Litterfall and decomposition dynamics of six year old Bambusa balcooa Roxb. homestead block plantation in Palakkad, central Kerala[J]. Range Management & Agroforestry, 2017, 37(2):155-161.
[4] 葛结林, 熊高明, 李家湘,等. 中国南方灌丛凋落物现存量[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(1):5-13.
[5] 黄宗胜, 符裕红, 喻理飞. 喀斯特森林植被自然恢复中凋落物现存量及其碳库特征演化[J]. 林业科学研究, 2013, 26(1):8-14.
[6] 张恒, 金森, 邸雪颖. 大兴安岭森林凋落物含水率的季节动态与预测[J]. 林业科学研究, 2014, 27(5):683-688.
[7] Dunlop M W, Blackall P J, Stuetz R M. Water addition, evaporation and water holding capacity of poultry litter[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 538:979-985.
[8] 崔鸿侠, 潘磊, 黄志霖,等. 神农架巴山冷杉林凋落物量养分归还及分解特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2017, 41(1):194-198.
[9] 施妍, 陈芳清. 大老岭自然保护区日本落叶松林凋落物分解及养分释放研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2016, 29(3):430-435.
[10] Paudel E, Dossa G G O, Xu J, et al. Litterfall and nutrient return along a disturbance gradient in a tropical montane forest[J]. Forest Ecology & Management, 2015, 353:97-106.
[11] 郑金萍, 郭忠玲, 徐程扬,等. 长白山北坡主要森林群落凋落物现存量月动态[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(15):4299-4307.
[12] Guo L B, Sims R E H, Horne D J. Biomass production and nutrient cycling in Eucalyptus short rotation energy forests in New Zealand: II. Litter fall and nutrient return.[J]. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2006, 30(5):393-404.
[13] 常雅军, 曹靖, 马建伟,等. 秦岭西部山地针叶林凋落物持水特性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(11):2346-2351.
[14] 刘颖, 韩士杰, 林鹿. 长白山四种森林类型凋落物动态特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28(1):7-11.
[15] 李翔, 王海燕, 秦倩倩,等. 采伐对天然云冷杉针阔混交林半分解层凋落物现存量、含水率及林分郁闭度空间异质性的影响[J]. 林业科学研究, 2018, 31(6):114-120.
[16] 崔建国, 镡娟. 辽西油松蒙古栎林下凋落物现存量及持水能力的研究等[J]. 水土保持研究, 2008, 15(2): 154-158.
[17] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.
[18] 葛晓改, 周本智, 肖文发. 马尾松人工林凋落物产量、养分含量及养分归还量特性[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2014, 23(7):954-961.
[19] 薛达, 薛立, 罗山. 日本中部风景林凋落物量、养分归还量[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2001, 22(1):23-26.
[20] 王凤友. 森林凋落量研究综述[J]. 生态学进展, 1989, 6(2):82-89.
[21] 魏晶, 吴钢, 邓红兵. 长白山高山冻原生态系统凋落物养分归还功能[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(10):2211-2216.
[22] 张洪亮, 张毓涛, 张新平,等. 天山中部天然云杉林凋落物层水文生态功能研究[J]. 干旱区地理(汉文版), 2011, 34(2):271-277.
[23] 马文济, 赵延涛, 张晴晴,等. 浙江天童常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段地表凋落物的C、N、P化学计量特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(8):833-842.
[24] 郑路, 卢立华. 我国森林地表凋落物现存量及养分特征[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2012, 27(1):63-69.
[25] 魏强, 凌雷, 张广忠,等. 甘肃兴隆山主要森林类型凋落物累积量及持水特性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(10):2589-2598.
[26] 朱金兆, 刘建军, 朱清科,等. 森林凋落物层水文生态功能研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2002, 24(5):30-34.
[27] 刘艳, 孙向阳, 范俊岗,等. 辽宁省森林枯落物现存量及其持水性能[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2017(4):689-699.
[28] 刘世荣. 中国森林生态系统水文生态功能规律[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 1996.
[29] 任向荣, 薛立, 曹鹤,等. 3种人工林凋落物的持水特性[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2008, 29(3):47-51.
[30] Guo J, Xie J, Lu H, et al. Carbon return and dynamics of litterfall in natural forest and monoculture plantation of Castanopsis kawakamii, in subtropical China[J]. Forestry Studies in China, 2004, 6(1):33-36.
[31] 刘洋, 张健, 冯茂松. 巨桉人工林凋落物数量、养分归还量及分解动态[J]. 林业科学, 2006, 42(7):1-10.
[32] 常雅军, 曹靖, 李建建,等. 秦岭西部山地针叶林凋落物层的化学性质[J]. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28(7):1308-1315.
[33] Tang J W, Cao M, Zhang J H, et al. Litterfall production, decomposition and nutrient use efficiency varies with tropical forest types in Xishuangbanna, SW China: a 10-year study[J]. Plant & Soil, 2010, 335(1-2):271-288.
[34] Vitousek P. Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency[J]. American Naturalist, 1982, 119(4):553-572.
[35] 郭继勋, 孙刚. 松嫩平原羊草草原凋落物层群落学作用的研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2000, 24(4):473-476.
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