水稻叶绿素荧光特性对CO_2浓度升高的代际响应研究
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摘要
为研究不同CO_2浓度升高水平对水稻叶绿素荧光特性的代际影响,基于CO_2浓度自动调控系统开展田间试验,以上一生长季经CO_2浓度升高处理(CO_2浓度比自然环境高40μmol·mol~(-1))的粳稻(Oryza sativa L.)种子(SI)和没有经过CO_2浓度升高处理的粳稻种子(SII)为试验材料,设置3种CO_2浓度水平:以背景大气CO_2浓度为对照(CK)、CO_2浓度比CK分别增加80μmol·mol~(-1)(T_1)和200μmol·mol~(-1)(T_2),测定叶片叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明,与CK相比,T_1处理使SI和SII蜡熟期的基础荧光(F_o)分别下降了8.6%(P=0.004)和8.0%(P=0.033),T_2处理使SI和SII扬花期的F_o分别下降了12.5%(P=0.033)和18.0%(P=0.015)。T_1处理使SI和SII蜡熟期的最大荧光(F_m)分别上升了10.1%(P=0.001)和11.0%(P=0.001),T_2处理使F_m分别上升了12.0%(P=0.000)和10.6%(P=0.001)。T_1处理使SI和SII蜡熟期的可变荧光(F_v)分别上升了16.2%(P=0.001)和17.7%(P=0.001),T_2处理使F_v分别上升了18.2%(P=0.000)和17.6%(P=0.000)。T_1处理使SI和SII蜡熟期的最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)分别上升了6.2%(P=0.001)和6.5%(P=0.005),T_2处理使F_v/F_m分别上升了6.2%(P=0.001)和6.8%(P=0.003)。与CK相比,T_1和T_2处理使SI和SII的单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、单位反应中心捕获用于还原QA的能量(TRo/RC)、单位反应中心以热能形式耗散的能量(DIo/RC)在乳熟期、蜡熟期和完熟期下降,单位面积光合反应中心的数量(RC/CSo)在蜡熟期上升。SI与SII相比,它们的F_o、F_m、F_v、F_v/F_m、ABS/RC、TRo/RC、DIo/RC、RC/CSo、ETo/RC没有显著差异。研究表明CO_2浓度升高有利于提高水稻叶片光合系统的光能转换能力,对光合功能有促进作用,而叶绿素荧光特性对CO_2浓度升高的响应没有代际差异。
To study the intergenerational influence of different levels of elevated CO_2 concentration on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice, a field experiment was carried out based on the automatic control system of CO_2 concentration in farmland.Here, the seeds from japonica rice(Oryza sativa L.) that treated with elevated CO_2 concentration(SI)(which was 40 μmol·mol~(-1) higher than that of the natural environment) and without elevated CO_2 concentration(SII) during the last rice growing season were used. The experimental treatments included the ambient CO_2 concentration(CK), 40 μmol·mol~(-1) above CK(T_1), and 200μmol·mol~(-1) above CK(T_2). Rice chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined. The results showed that compared with CK,T_1 treatment significantly decreased the basic fluorescence(F_o) of SI and SII by 8.6%(P=0.004) and 8.0%(P=0.033), respectively,in the ripening stage. T_2 treatment significantly decreased F_o of SI and SII by 12.5%(P=0.033) and 18.0%(P=0.015), respectively,during the flowering stage. T_1 treatment significantly increased the maximum fluorescence(F_m) of SI and SII by 10.1%(P=0.000)and 11.0%(P=0.005), respectively, in the ripening stage. T_2 treatment increased F_m of SI and SII by 12.0%(P=0.000) and 10.6%(P=0.001), respectively. T_1 treatment significantly increased the variable fluorescence(F_v) of SI and SII by 16.2%(P=0.001) and17.7%(P=0.001), respectively, during the ripening stage. T_2 treatment also increased F_v of SI and SII by 18.2%(P=0.000) and 17.6%(P=0.000), respectively. T_1 treatment significantly increased the maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m) of SI and SII by 6.2%(P=0.001) and 6.5%(P=0.005), respectively, during the ripening stage, and T_2 treatment also increased F_v/F_m of SI and SII by 6.2%(P=0.001) and 6.8%(P=0.003), respectively. Compared with CK, both T_1 and T_2 treatments decreased the light energy absorbed by unit reaction centers(ABS/RC), the energy captured by unit reaction centers for QA reduction(TRo/RC), and the energy dissipated by unit reaction centers in the form of thermal energy(DIo/RC) of SI and SII rice during the milk ripening, wax ripening, and ripening stages, but increased the number of photosynthetic reaction centers per unit area(RC/CSo) during the wax ripening stage. There were not significant differences between SI and SII rice in F_o, F_m, F_v, F_v/F_m, ABS/RC, TRo/RC, DIo/RC, RC/CSo, and ETo/RC. The results of this study suggest that elevated CO_2 concentration should be beneficial to improve the ability of light energy conversion in the photosynthetic system of rice leaf, and promote the photosynthetic function, but there is no generational difference in the response of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics to elevated CO_2 concentration.
To study the intergenerational influence of different levels of elevated CO_2 concentration on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice, a field experiment was carried out based on the automatic control system of CO_2 concentration in farmland.Here, the seeds from japonica rice(Oryza sativa L.) that treated with elevated CO_2 concentration(SI)(which was 40 μmol·mol~(-1) higher than that of the natural environment) and without elevated CO_2 concentration(SII) during the last rice growing season were used. The experimental treatments included the ambient CO_2 concentration(CK), 40 μmol·mol~(-1) above CK(T_1), and 200μmol·mol~(-1) above CK(T_2). Rice chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined. The results showed that compared with CK,T_1 treatment significantly decreased the basic fluorescence(F_o) of SI and SII by 8.6%(P=0.004) and 8.0%(P=0.033), respectively,in the ripening stage. T_2 treatment significantly decreased F_o of SI and SII by 12.5%(P=0.033) and 18.0%(P=0.015), respectively,during the flowering stage. T_1 treatment significantly increased the maximum fluorescence(F_m) of SI and SII by 10.1%(P=0.000)and 11.0%(P=0.005), respectively, in the ripening stage. T_2 treatment increased F_m of SI and SII by 12.0%(P=0.000) and 10.6%(P=0.001), respectively. T_1 treatment significantly increased the variable fluorescence(F_v) of SI and SII by 16.2%(P=0.001) and17.7%(P=0.001), respectively, during the ripening stage. T_2 treatment also increased F_v of SI and SII by 18.2%(P=0.000) and 17.6%(P=0.000), respectively. T_1 treatment significantly increased the maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m) of SI and SII by 6.2%(P=0.001) and 6.5%(P=0.005), respectively, during the ripening stage, and T_2 treatment also increased F_v/F_m of SI and SII by 6.2%(P=0.001) and 6.8%(P=0.003), respectively. Compared with CK, both T_1 and T_2 treatments decreased the light energy absorbed by unit reaction centers(ABS/RC), the energy captured by unit reaction centers for QA reduction(TRo/RC), and the energy dissipated by unit reaction centers in the form of thermal energy(DIo/RC) of SI and SII rice during the milk ripening, wax ripening, and ripening stages, but increased the number of photosynthetic reaction centers per unit area(RC/CSo) during the wax ripening stage. There were not significant differences between SI and SII rice in F_o, F_m, F_v, F_v/F_m, ABS/RC, TRo/RC, DIo/RC, RC/CSo, and ETo/RC. The results of this study suggest that elevated CO_2 concentration should be beneficial to improve the ability of light energy conversion in the photosynthetic system of rice leaf, and promote the photosynthetic function, but there is no generational difference in the response of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics to elevated CO_2 concentration.
引文
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HAO X Y,LI P,FENG Y X,et al.,2013.Effects of fully open-air[CO2]elevation on leaf photosynthesis and ultrastructure of isatis indigotica fort[J].Plos One,8(9):e74600.
IBARAKI Y,IWABUCHI K,OKADA M,2005.Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis for rice leaves grown under elevated CO2 conditions[J].Journal of Agricultural Meteorology,60(5):641-644.
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MAXWELL K,JOHNSON G N,2000.Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,51(345):659-668.
RAI M K,SHEND S,STRASSER R J,2008.JIP test for fast fluorescence transients as a rapid and sensitive technique in assessing the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Zea mays:Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence[J].Plant Biosystems,142(2):191-198.
REDDYA R,Rasineni G K,RAGHAVENDRA A S,2010.The impact of global elevated CO2 concentration on photosynthesis and plant productivity[J].Current Science,99(1):46-57.
SAYED O H,2003.Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in cereal crop research[J].Photosynthetica,41(3):321-330.
SRIVASTAVA A,GUISSE B,GREPPIN H,et al.,1997.Regulation of antenna structure and electron transport in PhotosystemⅡof Pisum sativum,under elevated temperature probed by the fast polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transient:OKJIP[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1320(1):95-106.
STRASSER R J,TSIMILLI-MICHAEL M,SRIVASTAVA A,2004.Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient[J].Chlorophyll a Fluorescence,Springer Netherlands,19:321-362.
冯建灿,胡秀丽,毛训甲,2002.叶绿素荧光动力学在研究植物逆境生理中的应用[J].经济林研究,20(4):14-18.FENG J C,HU X L MAO X J,2002.Application of chlorophyll fluorescence dynamics to plant physiology in adverse circumstance[J].Economic Forest Researches,20(4):14-18.
韩燕青,刘鑫,胡维平,等,2017.CO2浓度升高对苦草(Vallisneria natans)叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].植物研究,37(1):45-51.HAN Y Q,LIU X,HU W P,et al.,2017.Effects of CO2 enrichment on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Vallisneria natans[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,37(1):45-51.
郝兴宇,韩雪,李萍,等,2011.大气CO2浓度升高对绿豆叶片光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,22(10):2776-2780.HAO X Y,HAN X,LI P,et al.,2011.Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on mung bean leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,22(10):2776-2780.
胡晓雪,杜维俊,杨珍平,等,2015.大气CO2浓度和气温升高对野生大豆光合作用的影响[J].山西农业科学,43(7):798-801,853.HU X X,DU W J,YANG Z P,et al.,2015.Effect of elevated CO2concentration and increased temperature on the photosynthesis of wild soybean[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,43(7):798-801,853.
李晶,李双双,付驰,等,2011.密度和施氮水平对小黑麦叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,31(1):143-148.LI J,LI S S,FU C,et al.,2011.Effect of density and nitrogen on chlorophyⅡfluorescence characters of triticale[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,31(1):143-148.
李清明,刘彬彬,邹志荣,2011.CO2浓度倍增对干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,44(5):963-971.LI Q M,LIU B B,ZOU Z R,2011.Effects of doubled CO2concentration on photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber seedlings under drought stresses[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinic,44(5):963-971.
刘汉峰,王雁,沈应柏,2012.CO2倍增对鼓槌石斛光合作用特性的影响[J].广东农业科学,39(7):6-9.LIU H F,WANG Y,SHEN Y B,2012.Effects of doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration on photosynthesis of dendrobium chrysotoxum[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,39(7):6-9.
李鹏民,高辉远,STRASSER R J,2005.快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学分析在光合作用研究中的应用[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,31(6):559-566.LI P M,GAO H Y,STRASSER R J,2005.Application of the chlorophyⅡfluorescence induction dynamics in photosynthesis study[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,31(6):559-566.
林伟宏,1998.植物光合作用对大气CO2浓度升高的反应[J].生态学报,18(5):83-92.LIN W H,1998.Response of photosynthesis to elevated atmospheric CO2[J].Acta ecologica sinica,18(5):83-92.
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