中国经济发展中理性观念演变历程
摘要
中国经济发展中的理性观念演变进程,展现为"理"和"真"的关系不断深化演进。当经济理性在务实的实践过程中占据主导、中国经济现代化走上市场经济的道路,经济运行的机理就开始发生根本性变化。自此往后,经济发展的实物目标(计划指标)就让位于对经济价值的无限追求。在传统社会中,一旦注入经济理性,就会改变传统社会的财富观[1],承认追求财富的正当性,允许劳动致富,企业以利润最大化为目标,并以GDP的高速增长作为经济现代化的压倒性核心指标。进入21世纪的第一个十年里,政府就开始感受到了"不协调、不平衡、不可持续"的突出矛盾,因而提出了要有"科学发展观"的主张,这实际上是已经看到了亢奋的物质主义的局限性或显著缺陷,是已经认识到市场经济的浅度理性化具有很大局限性,必须转向深度理性化。中国的经济现代化向纵深推进,面临的挑战是严峻的,新时代肩负着艰巨的历史使命。所谓"纵深推进",不仅是经济效率(资源优化)的继续提高,而且是价值观和社会文化的现代性,以及制度形态的现代化。中国经济现代化的深度推进,需要将强烈的工具主义倾向导入更有效地实现真性目标的轨道,实际上就是导入深层理性化的经济现代化进程。因此,理性升华,真性引领,是中国经济现代化深度推进的正确方向。
The evolution of rational conceptions in China's economic development reveals the constantchange in the relationship between reason and instinct. When economic reason dominated the practiceand the Chinese economic modernization took the road of market economy, the economic mechanism be-gan to change radically. Since then, the goal of economic development for objects(plan targets) has giv-en way to the unlimited pursuit of economic value. Once introduced to a traditional society, economicreason would change the outlook on wealth in the traditional society, according to which the pursuit ofwealth is justified, getting rich through hard work is encouraged, profit maximization becomes the goalof enterprises, and the fast growth of GDP is taken as the dominant core indicator of economic modern-ization. In the first decade of the 21 th century, China's government began to realize the prominent con-tradiction caused by imbalance and unsustainability, thus proposing the scientific concept of develop-ment, which shows the government has seen the limitation of feverish materialism, realizing the greatlimitations of shallow rationalization of market economy as well as the necessity of deeper rationaliza-tion. The deeper advancement of Chinese economic modernization faces tough challenges. The advance-ment in depth does not only refer to the continuous increase of economic efficiency(resource optimiza-tion) but also entails the modernization of values, social culture and institutions. The advancement indepth demands a strong instrumentalist inclination as well as a more effective orbit to achieve instinc-tive targets, which involves deep rationalization. Therefore, the sublimation of reason with the guidanceof instinct is the correct orientation of the deeper advancement of Chinese economic modernization.
The evolution of rational conceptions in China's economic development reveals the constantchange in the relationship between reason and instinct. When economic reason dominated the practiceand the Chinese economic modernization took the road of market economy, the economic mechanism be-gan to change radically. Since then, the goal of economic development for objects(plan targets) has giv-en way to the unlimited pursuit of economic value. Once introduced to a traditional society, economicreason would change the outlook on wealth in the traditional society, according to which the pursuit ofwealth is justified, getting rich through hard work is encouraged, profit maximization becomes the goalof enterprises, and the fast growth of GDP is taken as the dominant core indicator of economic modern-ization. In the first decade of the 21 th century, China's government began to realize the prominent con-tradiction caused by imbalance and unsustainability, thus proposing the scientific concept of develop-ment, which shows the government has seen the limitation of feverish materialism, realizing the greatlimitations of shallow rationalization of market economy as well as the necessity of deeper rationaliza-tion. The deeper advancement of Chinese economic modernization faces tough challenges. The advance-ment in depth does not only refer to the continuous increase of economic efficiency(resource optimiza-tion) but also entails the modernization of values, social culture and institutions. The advancement indepth demands a strong instrumentalist inclination as well as a more effective orbit to achieve instinc-tive targets, which involves deep rationalization. Therefore, the sublimation of reason with the guidanceof instinct is the correct orientation of the deeper advancement of Chinese economic modernization.
引文
[1]大多数国家或民族(各种宗教的原教旨教义)的传统观念,都认为追求物质财富是不高尚的,甚至是不道德、不正当的。
[1][德]马克思:《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》,《马克思恩格斯选集》(第一卷),[北京]人民出版社1972年版,第16页。
[1]大多数国家或民族(各种宗教的原教旨教义)的传统观念,都认为追求物质财富是不高尚的,甚至是不道德、不正当的。
[1]商域是指:具有一定价值文化特征和特定制度形态规则的商业活动区域或领域。参阅金碚《以创新思维推进区域经济高质量发展》,[郑州]《区域经济评论》2018年第4期。
[1][德]马克思:《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》,《马克思恩格斯选集》(第一卷),[北京]人民出版社1972年版,第18页。
[1][2][英]约翰·凯伊:《市场的真相--为什么有些国家富有,其他国家却贫穷》,叶硕译,上海译文出版社2018年版,第14页,第294-295页。
[1][德]马克思:《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》,《马克思恩格斯选集》(第一卷),[北京]人民出版社1972年版,第16页。
[1]大多数国家或民族(各种宗教的原教旨教义)的传统观念,都认为追求物质财富是不高尚的,甚至是不道德、不正当的。
[1]商域是指:具有一定价值文化特征和特定制度形态规则的商业活动区域或领域。参阅金碚《以创新思维推进区域经济高质量发展》,[郑州]《区域经济评论》2018年第4期。
[1][德]马克思:《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》,《马克思恩格斯选集》(第一卷),[北京]人民出版社1972年版,第18页。
[1][2][英]约翰·凯伊:《市场的真相--为什么有些国家富有,其他国家却贫穷》,叶硕译,上海译文出版社2018年版,第14页,第294-295页。