低产抽油机井动态参数仿真模型与提高系统效率的途径
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摘要
综合考虑柱塞运动规律、阀球运动规律、阀隙瞬时流量与油井流入特性等因素的影响,建立了流体进泵规律与泵筒内瞬时压力的仿真模型,以此为依据改进了抽油杆柱纵向振动底部边界条件的仿真模型,进而建立了基于抽油杆柱纵向振动与流体进泵规律耦合的抽油机井示功图动态仿真模型;基于流体瞬时进泵规律,建立了抽油泵充满系数、漏失系数的仿真模型,从而改进了排量系数计算模型。对比仿真结果表明,所建立的系统动态参数仿真模型具有通用性,可以提高低沉没度供液不足油井示功图、排量系数与系统动态参数的仿真精度。仿真优化算例表明:(1)大泵径、长冲程与低冲数的抽汲参数设计原则仍然适用于低产抽油机井的节能设计,但最低冲数存在界线,同时最低冲数界限也限制了泵径上限;最低冲数界限随泵间隙的增加而增加;(2)对于严重供液不足油井,通过合理降低冲程与冲数,可以确保在油井产液量下降率低于5%的条件下,使系统效率最高提高近120%;(3)在油井产液量一定、下泵深度相同的条件下,优化冲程、冲数与泵径组合可以显著提高系统效率,仿真算例的系统效率变化范围为9.43%～17.48%;(4)在油井产液量与流压一定条件下,综合优化下泵深度、冲程、冲数与泵径可以显著提高系统效率,优化算例的系统效率由10.56%提高到31.49%。
Through comprehensively considering the influences of piston motion law,valve ball movement law,instantaneous flow rate of valve clearance,oil-well inflow performance and so on,this study establishes the simulation model on the laws for pumped fluid flow and the instantaneous pressure in pump barrel.Accordingly,the simulation model on the bottom boundary condition of longitudinal vibration of sucker rod stem is improved.Further,this study sets up the dynamic simulation model of dynamometer card for pumping well based on the coupling between the longitudinal vibration of sucker rod stem and the laws for pumped fluid flow.As per the laws of instantaneously pumped fluid flow,a simulation model on the fullness and leakage coefficients of oil pump is established to improve the calculation model of discharge coefficient.Through comparing the simulation results,it is shown that the created system dynamic parameter simulation model is generic,able to improve the simulation precision of the dynamometer card,discharge coefficient and system dynamic parameters of oil wells with low submergence depth and insufficient liquid supply.The simulation optimization cases show that(1)the design principle of swabbing parameters for large pump diameter,long stroke and low stroke frequency is also applicable to the energy-saving design of low-production pumping well,but there is a limit of minimum stroke frequency.Meanwhile,minimum stroke frequency also limits the upper limit of pump diameter,and the limit of minimum stroke frequency increases with the increasing pump clearance.(2)For oil wells with insufficient fluid supply,when the liquid-production drop rate is less than 5%,the system efficiency can be increased up to 120% by reducing the stroke and stroke frequency reasonably.(3)Under the condition of certain liquid production and equivalent pump depth for oil wells,system efficiency can be improved significantly by optimizing stroke,stroke frequency and pump diameter,and the system efficiency of simulation case varies from9.43%to17.48%.(4)Under the condition of certain liquid production and flow pressure,comprehensive optimization of pump depth,stroke,stroke frequency and pump diameter can significantly improvesystem efficiency,and the system efficiency of the optimized case is increased from10.56%to 31.49%.
Through comprehensively considering the influences of piston motion law,valve ball movement law,instantaneous flow rate of valve clearance,oil-well inflow performance and so on,this study establishes the simulation model on the laws for pumped fluid flow and the instantaneous pressure in pump barrel.Accordingly,the simulation model on the bottom boundary condition of longitudinal vibration of sucker rod stem is improved.Further,this study sets up the dynamic simulation model of dynamometer card for pumping well based on the coupling between the longitudinal vibration of sucker rod stem and the laws for pumped fluid flow.As per the laws of instantaneously pumped fluid flow,a simulation model on the fullness and leakage coefficients of oil pump is established to improve the calculation model of discharge coefficient.Through comparing the simulation results,it is shown that the created system dynamic parameter simulation model is generic,able to improve the simulation precision of the dynamometer card,discharge coefficient and system dynamic parameters of oil wells with low submergence depth and insufficient liquid supply.The simulation optimization cases show that(1)the design principle of swabbing parameters for large pump diameter,long stroke and low stroke frequency is also applicable to the energy-saving design of low-production pumping well,but there is a limit of minimum stroke frequency.Meanwhile,minimum stroke frequency also limits the upper limit of pump diameter,and the limit of minimum stroke frequency increases with the increasing pump clearance.(2)For oil wells with insufficient fluid supply,when the liquid-production drop rate is less than 5%,the system efficiency can be increased up to 120% by reducing the stroke and stroke frequency reasonably.(3)Under the condition of certain liquid production and equivalent pump depth for oil wells,system efficiency can be improved significantly by optimizing stroke,stroke frequency and pump diameter,and the system efficiency of simulation case varies from9.43%to17.48%.(4)Under the condition of certain liquid production and flow pressure,comprehensive optimization of pump depth,stroke,stroke frequency and pump diameter can significantly improvesystem efficiency,and the system efficiency of the optimized case is increased from10.56%to 31.49%.
引文
[1]姚春东.提高抽油机井系统效率的计算机仿真分析[J].石油学报,2005,26(4):106-110.YAO Chundong.Computer simulation for enhancing system efficiency of rod pumping well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(4):106-110.
[2]董世民.抽油机井动态参数计算机仿真与系统优化[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:59-64.DONG Shimin.Computer simulation of dynamic parameters of rodpumping system and system optimization[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:59-64.
[3]郑海金,邓吉彬.能耗最低机采系统设计方法的研究及应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):129-132.ZHENG Haijin,DENG Jibin.Research and application on designing method of sucker-rod pumping system with the least energy consumption[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):129-132.
[4]张喜顺,吴晓东.抽油机井节能参数优化设计方法[J].价值工程,2011,30(34):46-47.ZHANG Xishun,WU Xiaodong.Optimization method of suction parameters of the Energy-saving in rod pumping wells[J].Value Engineering,2011,30(34):46-47.
[5]张建军,郭吉民,王海,等.抽油机井系统效率敏感性分析及其应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(2):35-37.ZHANG Jianjun,GUO Jimin,WANG Hai,et al.Analysis on the sensitivity of the system efficiency of pumping well and its application[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(2):35-37.
[6] LIU Xinfu,QI Yaoguang.A modern approach to the selection of sucker rod pumping systems in CBM wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2011,76(3/4):100-108.
[7]董世民,王胜杰,卢东风,等.定向井有杆抽油系统抽汲参数的优化设计和仿真模型[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):120-123.DONG Shimin,WANG Shengjie,LU Dongfeng,et al.Simulation models for optimization design of suction parameters for rod pumping system in directional wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):120-123.
[8]顾乐民.中国石油产量历史回顾与未来趋势[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):280-288.GU Lemin.Historical review and future tendency of oil production in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):280-288.
[9]吴国干,方辉,韩征,等.“十二五”中国油气储量增长特点及“十三五”储量增长展望[J].石油学报,2016,37(9):1145-1151.WU Guogan,FANG Hui,HAN Zheng,et al.Growth features of measured oil initially in place&gas initially in place during the12th Five-Year Plan and its outlook for the 13th Five-Year Plan in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(9):1145-1151.
[10]吴非.双筒式小直径抽油泵深抽采油技术[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(6):74-76.WU Fei.Deep pumping technique with small diameter pump with double barrel[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2006,13(6):74-76.
[11]高平.小直径抽油泵系统设计与分析[D].西安:西安石油大学,2013.GAO Ping.The system design and analysis of small diameter pump[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2013.
[12]李红才,秦德福,鱼岗,等.节能型超低冲次抽油机技术研究[J].石油矿场机械,2010,39(5):49-51.LI Hongcai,QIN Defu,YU Gang,et al.Study of energy-saving type ultra-low frequency stroke pumping unit[J].Oil Field Equipment,2010,39(5):49-51.
[13]雷先德.抽油机低冲次技术在头台低渗透油田的探讨与应用[J].化学工程与装备,2013(11):93-95.LEI Xiande.Discussion and application of low impulse technology of pumping unit in low permeability oilfield in Toutai[J].Chemical Engineering&Equipment,2013(11):93-95.
[14] GIBBS S G.Predicting the behavior of sucker-rod pumping systems[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1963,15(7):769-778.
[15]吴晓东,李兆文,郜云飞,等.抽油机井系统数学仿真技术[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):95-98.WU Xiaodong,LI Zhaowen,GAO Yunfei,et al.A mathematical simulation technology for beam pumping well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(5):95-98.
[16]陈军,綦耀光,刘新福,等.基于弹性体振动理论的抽油杆柱三维振动分析[J].石油矿场机械,2009,38(2):15-19.CHEN Jun,QI Yaoguang,LIU Xinfu,et al.Study on 3-D vibrations of sucker rod string based on the elastic body vibration theory[J].Oil Field Equipment,2009,38(2):15-19.
[17]李子丰.油气井杆管柱力学研究进展与争论[J].石油学报,2016,37(4):531-556.LI Zifeng.Research advances and debates on tubular mechanics in oil and gas wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(4):531-556.
[18] XING Mingming,DONG Shimin,TONG Zhixiong,et al.Dynamic simulation and efficiency analysis of beam pumping system[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,22(9):3367-3379.
[19]蒋汉青,李福军,曹广胜.多相流体进泵规律对泵效的影响[J].大庆石油学院学报,1994,18(2):27-32.JIANG Hanqing,LI Fujun,CAO Guangsheng.The study of the effect of the law of the multifluid entering pump on pump efficiency[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1994,18(2):27-32.
[20] MISKA S,SHARAKI A,RAJTAR J M.A simple model for computer-aided optimization and design of sucker-rod pumping systems[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,1997,17(3/4):303-312.
[21]董世民,李伟成,侯田博文,等.变频游梁式抽油系统运行参数的优化设计与性能仿真[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(21):63-70.DONG Shimin,LI Weicheng,HOUTIAN Bowen,et al.Optimizing the running parameters of a variable frequency beam pumping system and simulating its dynamic behaviors[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(21):63-70.
[22] VOGEL J V.Inflow performance relationships for solution-gas drive wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1968,20(1):83-92.
[23]李杰训,贾贺坤,宋扬,等.油井产量计量技术现状与发展趋势[J].石油学报,2017,38(12):1434-1440.LI Jiexun,JIA Hekun,SONG Yang,et al.Current technical status and development trend of oil well production measurement[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(12):1434-1440.
[24]沈迪成,艾万诚,盛曾顺,等.抽油泵[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:135.SHEN Dicheng,AI Wancheng,SHENG Zengshun,et al.Oil well pump[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994:135.
[2]董世民.抽油机井动态参数计算机仿真与系统优化[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:59-64.DONG Shimin.Computer simulation of dynamic parameters of rodpumping system and system optimization[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:59-64.
[3]郑海金,邓吉彬.能耗最低机采系统设计方法的研究及应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):129-132.ZHENG Haijin,DENG Jibin.Research and application on designing method of sucker-rod pumping system with the least energy consumption[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):129-132.
[4]张喜顺,吴晓东.抽油机井节能参数优化设计方法[J].价值工程,2011,30(34):46-47.ZHANG Xishun,WU Xiaodong.Optimization method of suction parameters of the Energy-saving in rod pumping wells[J].Value Engineering,2011,30(34):46-47.
[5]张建军,郭吉民,王海,等.抽油机井系统效率敏感性分析及其应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(2):35-37.ZHANG Jianjun,GUO Jimin,WANG Hai,et al.Analysis on the sensitivity of the system efficiency of pumping well and its application[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(2):35-37.
[6] LIU Xinfu,QI Yaoguang.A modern approach to the selection of sucker rod pumping systems in CBM wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2011,76(3/4):100-108.
[7]董世民,王胜杰,卢东风,等.定向井有杆抽油系统抽汲参数的优化设计和仿真模型[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):120-123.DONG Shimin,WANG Shengjie,LU Dongfeng,et al.Simulation models for optimization design of suction parameters for rod pumping system in directional wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):120-123.
[8]顾乐民.中国石油产量历史回顾与未来趋势[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):280-288.GU Lemin.Historical review and future tendency of oil production in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):280-288.
[9]吴国干,方辉,韩征,等.“十二五”中国油气储量增长特点及“十三五”储量增长展望[J].石油学报,2016,37(9):1145-1151.WU Guogan,FANG Hui,HAN Zheng,et al.Growth features of measured oil initially in place&gas initially in place during the12th Five-Year Plan and its outlook for the 13th Five-Year Plan in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(9):1145-1151.
[10]吴非.双筒式小直径抽油泵深抽采油技术[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(6):74-76.WU Fei.Deep pumping technique with small diameter pump with double barrel[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2006,13(6):74-76.
[11]高平.小直径抽油泵系统设计与分析[D].西安:西安石油大学,2013.GAO Ping.The system design and analysis of small diameter pump[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2013.
[12]李红才,秦德福,鱼岗,等.节能型超低冲次抽油机技术研究[J].石油矿场机械,2010,39(5):49-51.LI Hongcai,QIN Defu,YU Gang,et al.Study of energy-saving type ultra-low frequency stroke pumping unit[J].Oil Field Equipment,2010,39(5):49-51.
[13]雷先德.抽油机低冲次技术在头台低渗透油田的探讨与应用[J].化学工程与装备,2013(11):93-95.LEI Xiande.Discussion and application of low impulse technology of pumping unit in low permeability oilfield in Toutai[J].Chemical Engineering&Equipment,2013(11):93-95.
[14] GIBBS S G.Predicting the behavior of sucker-rod pumping systems[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1963,15(7):769-778.
[15]吴晓东,李兆文,郜云飞,等.抽油机井系统数学仿真技术[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):95-98.WU Xiaodong,LI Zhaowen,GAO Yunfei,et al.A mathematical simulation technology for beam pumping well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(5):95-98.
[16]陈军,綦耀光,刘新福,等.基于弹性体振动理论的抽油杆柱三维振动分析[J].石油矿场机械,2009,38(2):15-19.CHEN Jun,QI Yaoguang,LIU Xinfu,et al.Study on 3-D vibrations of sucker rod string based on the elastic body vibration theory[J].Oil Field Equipment,2009,38(2):15-19.
[17]李子丰.油气井杆管柱力学研究进展与争论[J].石油学报,2016,37(4):531-556.LI Zifeng.Research advances and debates on tubular mechanics in oil and gas wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(4):531-556.
[18] XING Mingming,DONG Shimin,TONG Zhixiong,et al.Dynamic simulation and efficiency analysis of beam pumping system[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,22(9):3367-3379.
[19]蒋汉青,李福军,曹广胜.多相流体进泵规律对泵效的影响[J].大庆石油学院学报,1994,18(2):27-32.JIANG Hanqing,LI Fujun,CAO Guangsheng.The study of the effect of the law of the multifluid entering pump on pump efficiency[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1994,18(2):27-32.
[20] MISKA S,SHARAKI A,RAJTAR J M.A simple model for computer-aided optimization and design of sucker-rod pumping systems[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,1997,17(3/4):303-312.
[21]董世民,李伟成,侯田博文,等.变频游梁式抽油系统运行参数的优化设计与性能仿真[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(21):63-70.DONG Shimin,LI Weicheng,HOUTIAN Bowen,et al.Optimizing the running parameters of a variable frequency beam pumping system and simulating its dynamic behaviors[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(21):63-70.
[22] VOGEL J V.Inflow performance relationships for solution-gas drive wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1968,20(1):83-92.
[23]李杰训,贾贺坤,宋扬,等.油井产量计量技术现状与发展趋势[J].石油学报,2017,38(12):1434-1440.LI Jiexun,JIA Hekun,SONG Yang,et al.Current technical status and development trend of oil well production measurement[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(12):1434-1440.
[24]沈迪成,艾万诚,盛曾顺,等.抽油泵[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:135.SHEN Dicheng,AI Wancheng,SHENG Zengshun,et al.Oil well pump[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994:135.
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