解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌剂对雪菜生长和土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响
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摘要
由于化肥的过度使用对环境的不利影响,微生物肥料的研究得到了广泛关注。实验利用甘薯淀粉废水培养解淀粉芽孢杆菌并将其作为微生物肥料用于雪菜种植。通过盆栽实验考察了尿素(CN)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌液(BF)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌灭活菌液(BI)、甘薯淀粉废水(SW)、尿素结合微生物肥料(BC)对蔬菜产量、NO3-、NO2-含量,以及土壤性状,N2O排放的影响。实验表明:BC和CN在蔬菜产量方面比CK提高了5倍。BF和SW对蔬菜产量影响不显著。半量氮肥配合菌肥处理(BCL)表现出与CN相近的增产效果,而蔬菜NO3-含量同CN处理相比下降了16.4%~73.6%,土壤NO3-含量降低了22%~29%,降低了土壤中氮淋溶风险;土壤N2O平均排放通量(FLUX30)较CN处理降低了58.3%~73.1%。综上,利用淀粉废水培养解淀粉芽孢杆菌不仅可以资源化利用废水,并且其产物可作为一种绿色肥料应用于蔬菜种植,为淀粉废水资源化利用和农田温室气体减排提供了一个新思路。
With the increasing cost of chemical fertilizers and their negative impacts on environment,theresearch on biofertilizer which could improve soil fertility and promote plant growth has attracted wideattention.In this study,the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A3 was continually cultured in shaked-flasks containingwastewater from sweet potato starch production and the B.amyloliquefaciens A3 was used as an effectivebiofertilizer to cultivate vegetable.The objectives of this greenhouse randomized pot experiment were todetermine the effect of chemical fertilizers(CN),biofertilizer(BF),bacteria inactivation culture solution(BI),the starch water(SW) and the combination of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer(BC) on the yield and NO3-and NO2-content of the vegetable; NH4+,NO3-,total dissolved nitrogen(TDN),dissolved organic carbon(DOC)of the soil,and N2O emissions during the experimental period.The results showed that CN and BC increased the yield 5 times higher than CK and there was no significant difference between BC and CN on the effect ofincreasing the vegetable yield.The effect of BF treatment on the yield of vegetable was not obvious,while theeffect of the biofertilizer added with half application rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer(BCL) on plant yieldwas similar to that of CN,the NO3-content of vegetables and soil was 16.4%-73.6% and 22%-29%,respectively,lower than that of vegetables treated with CN.BC treatment also reduced the risk of N leachingfrom the soil and the average N2O discharge fluxes(FLUX30) were 58.3%-73.1% lower than those of the CN.The B.amyloliquefaciens was found to be a feasible low-cost biofertilizer for sustainable vegetable farming andshowed the potential for starch wastewater utilization.
With the increasing cost of chemical fertilizers and their negative impacts on environment,theresearch on biofertilizer which could improve soil fertility and promote plant growth has attracted wideattention.In this study,the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A3 was continually cultured in shaked-flasks containingwastewater from sweet potato starch production and the B.amyloliquefaciens A3 was used as an effectivebiofertilizer to cultivate vegetable.The objectives of this greenhouse randomized pot experiment were todetermine the effect of chemical fertilizers(CN),biofertilizer(BF),bacteria inactivation culture solution(BI),the starch water(SW) and the combination of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer(BC) on the yield and NO3-and NO2-content of the vegetable; NH4+,NO3-,total dissolved nitrogen(TDN),dissolved organic carbon(DOC)of the soil,and N2O emissions during the experimental period.The results showed that CN and BC increased the yield 5 times higher than CK and there was no significant difference between BC and CN on the effect ofincreasing the vegetable yield.The effect of BF treatment on the yield of vegetable was not obvious,while theeffect of the biofertilizer added with half application rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer(BCL) on plant yieldwas similar to that of CN,the NO3-content of vegetables and soil was 16.4%-73.6% and 22%-29%,respectively,lower than that of vegetables treated with CN.BC treatment also reduced the risk of N leachingfrom the soil and the average N2O discharge fluxes(FLUX30) were 58.3%-73.1% lower than those of the CN.The B.amyloliquefaciens was found to be a feasible low-cost biofertilizer for sustainable vegetable farming andshowed the potential for starch wastewater utilization.
引文
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[6]刘栓成,杨进成,马丽华,等.解淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2提高玉米生长和产量的效应[J].玉米科学,2010,18(6):78-82,85.
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[9]Chen X H,Koumoutsi A,Scholz R,et al.Comparative analysis of the complete genome sequence of the plant growth promoting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42[J].Nature Biotechnology,2007(25):1007-1014.
[10]Ximenes M,Rath S,Reyes F.Polarographic determination of nitrate in vegetables[J].Talanta,2000(51):49-56.
[11]Correia M,Barroso A,Barroso M,et al.Contribution of different vegetable types to exogenous nitrate and nitrite exposure[J].Food Chemistry,2010,120(4):960-966.
[12]Chan T Y,Thomas Y.Vegetable-borne nitrate and nitrite and the risk of Methaemoglobinaemia[J].Toxicology Letters,2011,200(1):107-108.
[13]王斌.化肥对土壤环境污染的初探[J].新建农业科技,2009,4(2):41.
[14]赵朋超,权春善.氮源和碳源对解淀粉芽孢杆菌Q-426抗菌脂肽合成的影响[J].中国生物工程杂志,2012,32(10):50-56
[15]Kohler J,Caravaca F,Roldan A.Interactions between a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium,an AM fungus and a phosphatesolubilising fungus in the rhizosphere of Lactuca Sativa[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2007,35(3):480-487.
[16]Ghidurus M.Nitrate Accumulation in Autochthonous Varieties of Vegetables[J].Environ Prot Ecol,2012,13(2):906-912.
[17]熊淑萍,姬兴杰.不同肥料对土壤铵态氮时空变化影响的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):978-983.
[18]Sarkodie J,Lee H,Baggs E.Nitrous oxide emissions after application of inorganic fertilizer and incorporation of green manure residues[J].Soil Use and Management,2003,19(4):331-339.
[19]Singh S,Rekha P D,Huang Y M,et al.Wastewater from monosodium glutamate industry as a low cost fertilizer source for corn[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2011,35(9):4001-4007.
[20]伍延正,张苗苗,秦红灵,等.不同土地利用方式下冬季N2O排放及影响因素[J].环境科学,2013,24(8):2969-2974.
[21]徐文彬,洪业汤.冬闲水田土壤一个重要的尚未确定的N2O释放源[J].环境科学研究,1999,12(3):42-45.
[22]Cannavo P,Richaume A,Lafolie F.Fate of nitrogen and carbon in the vadosezone:in situ and laboratory measurements of seasonal variations in aerobic respiratory and denitrifying activities[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(3):463-478.
[23]Shoresh M,Harman G E,Mastouri F.Induced systemic resistance and plant responses to fungal biocontrol agents[J].Annual review of phytopathology,2010,48:21-43.
[24]Roux-Michollet D,Czarnes S,Adam B,et al.Effects of steam disinfestation on community structure,abundance and activity of heterotrophic,denitrifying and nitrifying bacteria in an organic farming soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(7):1836-1845.
[25]刘拴成,杨进成.解淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2提高玉米生长和产量的效应[J].玉米科学,2010,18(6):78-82,85.
[26]周晨光,徐圣君.解淀粉芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂对茶叶产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(2):253-257.
[27]宿燕明,彭霞薇.多粘类芽孢杆菌对油菜中硝酸盐含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):144-148.
[28]Xu S,Bai Z,Fu X,et al.Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from tea field soil using bioaugmentation with a Trichoderma viride biofertilizer.[J].Scientific World Journal,2014,vol.2014,Article ID 793752,9 pages.doi:10.1155/2014/793752
[29]Stein T.Bacillus subtilis antibiotics:Structures,syntheses and specific functions[J].Mol Microbiol,2005,56(4):845-857.
[2]胡江春,薛德林,马成新.植物根际促生菌(PGPR)的研究与应用前景[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):963-966.
[3]陶晶,李晖,李春.芽孢杆菌组合BCI-8的筛选及其促生抗病效果[J].植物保护学报,2009,36(2):123-128.
[4]申莉莉,王凤龙,钱玉梅,等.解淀粉芽孢杆菌Ba33对烟草的促生及抗TMV作用[J].吉林农业大学学报,2010,32(4):383-386.
[5]郭金鹏,刘晓昌,仝赞华,等.芽孢杆菌HSY-8-1对植物病原真菌的抑制及其抑菌产物特性[J].吉林农业大学学报,2010,32(1):29-33,50.
[6]刘栓成,杨进成,马丽华,等.解淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2提高玉米生长和产量的效应[J].玉米科学,2010,18(6):78-82,85.
[7]车晓曦,李校堃.解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)的研究进展[J].北京农业,2010(3):7-10.
[8]Li Y,Fu X Q,Liu X L,et al.Spatial variability and distribution of N2O emissions from a tea field during the dry season in subtropical central China[J].Geoderma1,2013,193:1-12.
[9]Chen X H,Koumoutsi A,Scholz R,et al.Comparative analysis of the complete genome sequence of the plant growth promoting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42[J].Nature Biotechnology,2007(25):1007-1014.
[10]Ximenes M,Rath S,Reyes F.Polarographic determination of nitrate in vegetables[J].Talanta,2000(51):49-56.
[11]Correia M,Barroso A,Barroso M,et al.Contribution of different vegetable types to exogenous nitrate and nitrite exposure[J].Food Chemistry,2010,120(4):960-966.
[12]Chan T Y,Thomas Y.Vegetable-borne nitrate and nitrite and the risk of Methaemoglobinaemia[J].Toxicology Letters,2011,200(1):107-108.
[13]王斌.化肥对土壤环境污染的初探[J].新建农业科技,2009,4(2):41.
[14]赵朋超,权春善.氮源和碳源对解淀粉芽孢杆菌Q-426抗菌脂肽合成的影响[J].中国生物工程杂志,2012,32(10):50-56
[15]Kohler J,Caravaca F,Roldan A.Interactions between a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium,an AM fungus and a phosphatesolubilising fungus in the rhizosphere of Lactuca Sativa[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2007,35(3):480-487.
[16]Ghidurus M.Nitrate Accumulation in Autochthonous Varieties of Vegetables[J].Environ Prot Ecol,2012,13(2):906-912.
[17]熊淑萍,姬兴杰.不同肥料对土壤铵态氮时空变化影响的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):978-983.
[18]Sarkodie J,Lee H,Baggs E.Nitrous oxide emissions after application of inorganic fertilizer and incorporation of green manure residues[J].Soil Use and Management,2003,19(4):331-339.
[19]Singh S,Rekha P D,Huang Y M,et al.Wastewater from monosodium glutamate industry as a low cost fertilizer source for corn[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2011,35(9):4001-4007.
[20]伍延正,张苗苗,秦红灵,等.不同土地利用方式下冬季N2O排放及影响因素[J].环境科学,2013,24(8):2969-2974.
[21]徐文彬,洪业汤.冬闲水田土壤一个重要的尚未确定的N2O释放源[J].环境科学研究,1999,12(3):42-45.
[22]Cannavo P,Richaume A,Lafolie F.Fate of nitrogen and carbon in the vadosezone:in situ and laboratory measurements of seasonal variations in aerobic respiratory and denitrifying activities[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(3):463-478.
[23]Shoresh M,Harman G E,Mastouri F.Induced systemic resistance and plant responses to fungal biocontrol agents[J].Annual review of phytopathology,2010,48:21-43.
[24]Roux-Michollet D,Czarnes S,Adam B,et al.Effects of steam disinfestation on community structure,abundance and activity of heterotrophic,denitrifying and nitrifying bacteria in an organic farming soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(7):1836-1845.
[25]刘拴成,杨进成.解淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2提高玉米生长和产量的效应[J].玉米科学,2010,18(6):78-82,85.
[26]周晨光,徐圣君.解淀粉芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂对茶叶产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(2):253-257.
[27]宿燕明,彭霞薇.多粘类芽孢杆菌对油菜中硝酸盐含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):144-148.
[28]Xu S,Bai Z,Fu X,et al.Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from tea field soil using bioaugmentation with a Trichoderma viride biofertilizer.[J].Scientific World Journal,2014,vol.2014,Article ID 793752,9 pages.doi:10.1155/2014/793752
[29]Stein T.Bacillus subtilis antibiotics:Structures,syntheses and specific functions[J].Mol Microbiol,2005,56(4):845-857.