解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌剂对雪菜生长和土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响（英文）
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摘要
由于化肥的过度使用对环境的不利影响,微生物肥料的研究得到了广泛关注。实验利用甘薯淀粉废水培养解淀粉芽孢杆菌并将其作为微生物肥料用于雪菜种植。通过盆栽实验考察了尿素(CN)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌液(BF)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌灭活菌液(BI)、甘薯淀粉废水(SW)、尿素结合微生物肥料(BC)对蔬菜产量、NO3-、NO2-含量,以及土壤性状,N2O排放的影响。试验表明:BC和CN在蔬菜产量方面比CK提高了5倍。BF和SW对蔬菜产量影响不显著。半量氮肥配合菌肥处理(BCL)表现出与CN相近的增产效果,而蔬菜NO3-含量同CN处理相比下降了16.4%~73.6%,土壤NO3-含量降低了22%~29%,降低了土壤中氮淋溶风险;土壤N2O(FPV30)平均排放量较CN处理降低了58.3%~73.1%。综上,利用淀粉废水培养解淀粉芽孢杆菌不仅可以资源化利用废水,并且其产物可作为一种绿色肥料应用于蔬菜种植,为淀粉废水资源化利用和农田温室气体减排提供了一个新思路。
In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A3 was continually incubated in shake flasks containing wastewater from sweet potato starch production as an effective biofertilizer for cultivation of Brassica juncea var. multiceps(Xuelihong). Based on pot experiments in the greenhouse, the effects of chemical fertilizers(CN),biofertilizer(BF), inactivated broth(BI), starch wastewater(SW) and the combination of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer(BC) on the yield, NO3-content and NO2-content of Xuelihong, soil physicochemical properties and N2 O emission were investigated. The results showed that the yield of Xuelihong in BC and CN treatments was improved by five times compared with CK; BF and SW treatments had insignificant impact on the yield of Xuelihong. Compared with CN treatment, BCL treatment exhibited similar improving effects on the yield of Xuelihong, in which NO3-content of Xuelihong and soil was reduced by 16.4%-73.6% and 22%-29%, which reduced the risk of nitrogen eluviations in soil; average N2 O flux(FPV30) in BCL treatment was reduced by 58.3%-73.1% compared with CN treatment. In conclusion, B. amyloliquefaciens is a feasible low-cost biofertilizer for sustainable vegetable farming with a great potential for starch wastewater utilization.
In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A3 was continually incubated in shake flasks containing wastewater from sweet potato starch production as an effective biofertilizer for cultivation of Brassica juncea var. multiceps(Xuelihong). Based on pot experiments in the greenhouse, the effects of chemical fertilizers(CN),biofertilizer(BF), inactivated broth(BI), starch wastewater(SW) and the combination of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer(BC) on the yield, NO3-content and NO2-content of Xuelihong, soil physicochemical properties and N2 O emission were investigated. The results showed that the yield of Xuelihong in BC and CN treatments was improved by five times compared with CK; BF and SW treatments had insignificant impact on the yield of Xuelihong. Compared with CN treatment, BCL treatment exhibited similar improving effects on the yield of Xuelihong, in which NO3-content of Xuelihong and soil was reduced by 16.4%-73.6% and 22%-29%, which reduced the risk of nitrogen eluviations in soil; average N2 O flux(FPV30) in BCL treatment was reduced by 58.3%-73.1% compared with CN treatment. In conclusion, B. amyloliquefaciens is a feasible low-cost biofertilizer for sustainable vegetable farming with a great potential for starch wastewater utilization.
引文
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[17]XIONG SP(熊淑萍),JI XJ(姬兴杰),LI CM(李春明),et al.Effect of different fertilizer treatments on spatial-temporal variations of soil ammonium nitrogen(不同肥料处理对土壤铵态氮时空变化影响的研究)[J].Journal of AgroEnvironment Science(农业环境科学学报),2008,27(3):978-983.
[18]SARKODIE J,LEE H,BAGGS E.Nitrous oxide emissions after application of inorganic fertilizer and incorporation of green manure residues[J].Soil Use and Management,2003,19(4):331-339.
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[20]WU YZ(伍延正),ZHANG MM(张苗苗),QIN HL(秦红灵),et al.N2O flux in winter and its affecting factors under different land use patterns(不同土地利用方式下冬季N2O排放及其影响因素)[J].Environmental Science(环境科学),2013,24(8):2969-2974.
[21]XU WB(徐文彬),HONG YT(洪业汤).Winter fallow paddy soil:An important uncertain source of N2O emission(冬闲水田土壤——一个重要的尚未确定的N2O释放源)[J].Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究),1999,12(3):42-45.
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[23]SHORESH M,HARMAN GE,MASTOURI F.Induced systemic resistance and plant responses to fungal biocontrol agents[J].Annual review of phytopathology,2010,48:21-43.
[24]ROUX-MICHOLLET D,CZARNES S,ADAM B,et al.Effects of steam disinfestation on community structure,abundance and activity of heterotrophic,denitrifying and nitrifying bacteria in an organic farming soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(7):1836-1845.
[25]ZHOU CG(周晨光),XU SJ(徐圣君).Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biofertilizer on tea yield and quality(解淀粉芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂对茶叶产量和品质的影响)[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2014,30(2):253-257.
[26]SU YM(宿燕明),PENG XW(彭霞薇),LU X(吕欣),et al.Effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa on nitrate content in rape(多粘类芽孢杆菌对油菜中硝酸盐含量的影响)[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2011,27(12):144-148.
[27]XU SJ,BAI Z,FU X,et al.Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from tea field soil using bioaugmentation with a Trichoderma viride biofertilizer[J].The Scientific World Journal,2014,doi:10.1155/2014/793752.
[28]STEIN T.Bacillus subtilis antibiotics:Structures,syntheses and specific functions[J].Mol Microbiol,2005,56(4),845-857.
[2]HU JC(胡江春),XUE DL(薛德林),MA CX(马成新).Research advances in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and its application prospects(植物根际促生菌(PGPR)的研究与应用前景)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2004,15(10):963-966.
[3]TAO J(陶晶),LI H(李晖),LI C(李春).Screening of Bacillus sp.combination BCL-8 for growth-promotion and disease control(芽孢杆菌组合BCI-8的筛选及其促生抗病效果)[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica(植物保护学报,2009,36(2):123-128.
[4]SHEN LL(申莉莉),WANG FL(王凤龙),QIAN YM(钱玉梅),et al.Tobacco growth-promotion effect and TMV resistance of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ba33(解淀粉芽孢杆菌Ba33对烟草的促生及抗TMV作用)[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University(吉林农业大学学报),2010,32(4):383-386.
[5]GUO JP(郭金鹏),LIU XC(刘晓昌),TONG ZH(仝赞华),et al.Antagonism of Bacillus sp.HSY-8-1 against plant pathogens and properties of its antifungal substance(芽孢杆菌HSY-8-1对植物病原真菌的抑制及其抑菌产物特性)[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University(吉林农业大学学报,2010,32(1):29-33,50.
[6]LIU SC(刘栓成),YANG JC(杨进成),MA LH(马丽华),et al.Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B9601-Y2 on growth and yield promotion of maize(解淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2提高玉米生长和产量的效应)[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2010,18(6):78-82,85.
[7]CHE XX(车晓曦),LI XK(李校堃).The research on development of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)的研究进展)[J].Beijing Agriculture(北京农业),2010(3):7-10.
[8]LI Y,FU XQ,LIU XL,et al.Spatial variability and distribution of N2O emissions from a tea field during the dry season in subtropical central China[J].Geoderma1,2013,193:1-12.
[9]CHEN XH,KOUMOUTSI A,SCHOLZ R,et al.Comparative analysis of the complete genome sequence of the plant growth promoting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42[J].Nature Biotechnology,2007(25):1007-1014.
[10]XIMENES M,RATH S,REYES F.Polarographic determination of nitrate in vegetables[J].Talanta,2000(51):49-56.
[11]CORREIA M,BARROSO A,BARROSO M,et al.Contribution of different vegetable types to exogenous nitrate and nitrite exposure[J].Food Chemistry,2010,120(4):960-966.
[12]CHAN TY,THOMAS Y.Vegetableborne nitrate and nitrite and the risk of Methaemoglobinaemia[J].Toxicology Letters,2011,200(1):107-108.
[13]WANG B(王斌).A preliminary study on the pollution of chemical fertilizers in soil environment(化肥对土壤环境污染的初探)[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology(新建农业科技),2009,4(2):41.
[14]ZHAO PC(赵朋超),QUAN CS(权春善).Effects of different nitrogen and carbon sources on the production of antifungal lipopeptides from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Q-426(氮源和碳源对解淀粉芽孢杆菌Q-426抗菌脂肽合成的影响)[J].China Biotechnology(中国生物工程杂志),2012,32(10):50-56
[15]KOHLER J,CARAVACA F,ROLDAN A.Interactions between a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium,an AM fungus and a phosphate-solubilising fungus in the rhizosphere of Lactuca Sativa[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2007,35(3):480-487.
[16]GHIDURUS M.Nitrate Accumulation in Autochthonous Varieties of Vegetables[J].Environ Prot Ecol,2012,13(2):906-912.
[17]XIONG SP(熊淑萍),JI XJ(姬兴杰),LI CM(李春明),et al.Effect of different fertilizer treatments on spatial-temporal variations of soil ammonium nitrogen(不同肥料处理对土壤铵态氮时空变化影响的研究)[J].Journal of AgroEnvironment Science(农业环境科学学报),2008,27(3):978-983.
[18]SARKODIE J,LEE H,BAGGS E.Nitrous oxide emissions after application of inorganic fertilizer and incorporation of green manure residues[J].Soil Use and Management,2003,19(4):331-339.
[19]SINGH S,REKHA PD,HUANG YM,et al.Wastewater from monosodium glutamate industry as a low cost fertilizer source for corn[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2011,35(9):4001-4007.
[20]WU YZ(伍延正),ZHANG MM(张苗苗),QIN HL(秦红灵),et al.N2O flux in winter and its affecting factors under different land use patterns(不同土地利用方式下冬季N2O排放及其影响因素)[J].Environmental Science(环境科学),2013,24(8):2969-2974.
[21]XU WB(徐文彬),HONG YT(洪业汤).Winter fallow paddy soil:An important uncertain source of N2O emission(冬闲水田土壤——一个重要的尚未确定的N2O释放源)[J].Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究),1999,12(3):42-45.
[22]CANNAVO P,RICHAUME A,LAFOLIE F.Fate of nitrogen and carbon in the vadosezone:in situ and laboratory measurements of seasonal variations in aerobic respiratory and denitrifying activities[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(3):463-478.
[23]SHORESH M,HARMAN GE,MASTOURI F.Induced systemic resistance and plant responses to fungal biocontrol agents[J].Annual review of phytopathology,2010,48:21-43.
[24]ROUX-MICHOLLET D,CZARNES S,ADAM B,et al.Effects of steam disinfestation on community structure,abundance and activity of heterotrophic,denitrifying and nitrifying bacteria in an organic farming soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(7):1836-1845.
[25]ZHOU CG(周晨光),XU SJ(徐圣君).Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biofertilizer on tea yield and quality(解淀粉芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂对茶叶产量和品质的影响)[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2014,30(2):253-257.
[26]SU YM(宿燕明),PENG XW(彭霞薇),LU X(吕欣),et al.Effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa on nitrate content in rape(多粘类芽孢杆菌对油菜中硝酸盐含量的影响)[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2011,27(12):144-148.
[27]XU SJ,BAI Z,FU X,et al.Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from tea field soil using bioaugmentation with a Trichoderma viride biofertilizer[J].The Scientific World Journal,2014,doi:10.1155/2014/793752.
[28]STEIN T.Bacillus subtilis antibiotics:Structures,syntheses and specific functions[J].Mol Microbiol,2005,56(4),845-857.