施磷量与耕作方式交互作用对甜荞植株形态及产量的影响
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摘要
为明确耕作方式和施磷量对甜荞植株形态及产量的影响,以甜荞品种丰甜1号为试验材料,设置了不同的耕作方式和磷肥处理,研究了其对甜荞根际土壤养分、根系形态、农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:根际土壤铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量总体随施磷量的增加呈先降后增的趋势,且基本以中浓度磷肥处理时含量最低,根际土壤pH值随施磷量的增加而降低,有机质含量则增加;根系活力、农艺性状及产量基本以中浓度磷肥处理高于其他处理。不同耕作方式间以深耕和常耕处理的根系形态优于免耕;根系活力、产量以深耕高于其他处理;相关性分析表明,丰甜1号的株高与根系长度、表面积显著正相关,与主茎节数、主茎分枝数极显著正相关,产量与株高、主茎节数极显著正相关。综上,深耕及中浓度磷肥处理将更有利于甜荞植株的成长及产量的提高。
To determine the effect of tillage methods and phosphorus application amount on plant morphology and yield of common buckwheat,the common buckwheat "Fengtian No.1" was used as experimental material,and different farming methods and phosphate fertilizer treatments were set up to study its effects on soil nutrients,root morphology,agronomic traits and yield of common buckwheat.The results showed that the content of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in rhizosphere soil decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of phosphorus application amount,and the content was basically the lowest when treated with the medium concentration phosphate fertilizer,pH of rhizosphere soil decreased with increasing phosphorus application,while the content of organic matter increased.The root activity,agronomic traits and yield were basically higher than that of other treatments by the medium concentration phosphate fertilizer.The root morphology of deep tillage and conventional tillage between different tillage methods was better than that of no tillage,and the root vigor and yield were higher than other treatments by deep tillage.Correlation analysis showed that the plant height of Fengtian No.1 was positively correlated with the length and surface area of roots,and was positively correlated with the number of main stems and the number of main stems,and the yield was positively correlated with plant height and the number of main stem sections.In conclusion,deep tillage and medium concentration phosphate fertilizer will be more conducive to the growth and yield improvement of buckwheat plants.
To determine the effect of tillage methods and phosphorus application amount on plant morphology and yield of common buckwheat,the common buckwheat "Fengtian No.1" was used as experimental material,and different farming methods and phosphate fertilizer treatments were set up to study its effects on soil nutrients,root morphology,agronomic traits and yield of common buckwheat.The results showed that the content of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in rhizosphere soil decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of phosphorus application amount,and the content was basically the lowest when treated with the medium concentration phosphate fertilizer,pH of rhizosphere soil decreased with increasing phosphorus application,while the content of organic matter increased.The root activity,agronomic traits and yield were basically higher than that of other treatments by the medium concentration phosphate fertilizer.The root morphology of deep tillage and conventional tillage between different tillage methods was better than that of no tillage,and the root vigor and yield were higher than other treatments by deep tillage.Correlation analysis showed that the plant height of Fengtian No.1 was positively correlated with the length and surface area of roots,and was positively correlated with the number of main stems and the number of main stems,and the yield was positively correlated with plant height and the number of main stem sections.In conclusion,deep tillage and medium concentration phosphate fertilizer will be more conducive to the growth and yield improvement of buckwheat plants.
引文
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[14]李继云,孙建华,刘全友,等.不同小麦品种的根系生理特性、磷的吸收及利用效率对产量影响的研究[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(4):503-510.
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[17]朱玉鹏,裴凡龙,刘洪军,等.不同耕作施肥方式对旱地小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2017,45(5):57-61.
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[21]张宗文,林汝法.荞麦种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[22]陈亚宇.不同施肥深度对水稻氮磷钾动态变化及生长和产量的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.7-36.
[23]Lynch J P,Deikman J.Phosphorus in plant biology:Regulatory roles in molecular,cellular,organismic,and ecosystem processes[M].Maryland and USA:American Society of Plant Physiologists Rockville,1998.157.
[24]张均.小麦特殊根毛发育的水肥调控效应研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.1-26.
[25]贺军军,林钊沐,华元刚,等.不同施磷水平对橡胶树根系活力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(1):16-30.
[26]Huang B,Johson J W,Box J E,et al.Root characteristics and hormone activity of wheat in response to hypoxia and ethylene[J].Crop Science,1997,37(3):812-818.
[27]王德兴.氮、磷、钾肥对油葵生长发育、产量及相关性状的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.37-38.
[28]唐超,雷雨田,路耿新,等.氮磷钾配施对荞麦生育进程及农艺性状的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(4):20-26.
[29]蒋小忠,封超年,郭文善.施磷量与磷肥基追比对弱筋小麦产量和品质的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2013,(5):7-10.
[30]孔晓民,韩成卫,曾苏明,等.不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(1):108-113.
[31]张文超.耕作方式对土壤主要理化性状及玉米产量形成的影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2017.31.
[32]丁昆仑,Hann M J.深松耕作对土壤水分物理特性及作物生长的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,1997,(11):13-16.
[33]Izumi Y,Yoshida T,Iijima M.Effects of sub soiling to the non-tilled field of wheat-soybean rotation on the root system development,water uptake,and yield plant[J].Plant Production Science,2009,12(3):327-335.
[34]Leskiw L A,Welsh C M,Zeleke T B.Effect of sub soiling and injection of pelletized organic matter on soil quality and productivity[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2012,92(1):269-276.
[35]石岩,位东斌,于振文,等.深耘断根对旱地小麦花后根系衰老及产量的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2000,6(6):516-519.
[36]李亚杰,唐江华,苏丽丽,等.耕作方式对土壤含水量及夏大豆生长的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(4):621-627.
[37]Sander D H,Eghball B.Planting date and phosphorus fertilizer effects on winter wheat[J].Agronomy Journal,1999,91:707-712.
[38]刘红亮,不同耕作方式对土壤特性及玉米生长发育的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.11-43.
[39]赵更生,郑剑英.氮磷配合施用荞麦增产显著[J].陕西农业科学,1989,(1):33-45.
[2]吴建平.荞麦蛋白的新功能[J].西部粮油科技,1998,23(3):37-39.
[3]王敏,魏益民,高锦明.两种荞麦籽粒营养保健功能物质基础的分析[J].农业工程学报,2004,(S1):158-162.
[4]王雨,孔德章,张余,等.甜荞干物质积累及其与氮、磷、钾吸收分配的关系研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2016,43(2):294-299.
[5]郭肖,宋毓雪,孔德章,等.不同肥料处理对甜荞产量及品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2015,49(1):35-38.
[6]尹万利,雷绪劳,王敬昌,等.甜荞的食用价值与高产栽培措施[J].陕西农业科学,2009,55(3):207-209.
[7]张俊科,晋小军,王建军,等.不同施肥量对甜荞主要产量指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(10):138-140.
[8]肖芝平.荞麦食品资源的开发利用前景[J].现代农业,2003,(8):35.
[9]Bhatt R,Khera K L.Effect of tillage and mode of straw mulch application on soil erosion in the sub montaneous tract of Punjab,India[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2006,(8):107-115.
[10]张笑培,周新国,王静丽,等.耕作方式对豫东夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(9):13-19.
[11]孙敬国,王昌军,陈振国,等.不同耕作方式对土壤及烤烟的影响[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(3):299-304.
[12]杜聪阳,杨习文,王勇,等.不同耕作方式及施氮水平对砂姜黑土物理性状、微生物学特性及小麦产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(8):13-21.
[13]付立东,王宇,李旭,等.磷肥不同施用量对水稻产量及磷肥利用率的影响[J].北方水稻,2011,41(4):20-24.
[14]李继云,孙建华,刘全友,等.不同小麦品种的根系生理特性、磷的吸收及利用效率对产量影响的研究[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(4):503-510.
[15]张静,张志,杜彦修,等.不同深耘及施穗肥方式对水稻根系活力、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(19):4115-4122.
[16]赵亚丽,杨春收,王群,等.磷肥施用深度对夏玉米产量和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(23):4805-4813.
[17]朱玉鹏,裴凡龙,刘洪军,等.不同耕作施肥方式对旱地小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2017,45(5):57-61.
[18]Hairston J E,Jones W F,Mc Connaughey P K,et,al.Tillage and fertilizer management effects on soybean growth and yield on three Mississippi soils[J].Journal of Production Agriculture,1990,3(3):317-323.
[19]Singh D K,Sale P W G,Routley R R.Increasing phosphorus supply in subsurface soil in northern Australia:rationale for deep placement and the effects with various crops[J].Plant and Soil,2005,269:35-44.
[20]汤绍虎,罗充.植物生理学实验教程[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2012.
[21]张宗文,林汝法.荞麦种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[22]陈亚宇.不同施肥深度对水稻氮磷钾动态变化及生长和产量的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.7-36.
[23]Lynch J P,Deikman J.Phosphorus in plant biology:Regulatory roles in molecular,cellular,organismic,and ecosystem processes[M].Maryland and USA:American Society of Plant Physiologists Rockville,1998.157.
[24]张均.小麦特殊根毛发育的水肥调控效应研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.1-26.
[25]贺军军,林钊沐,华元刚,等.不同施磷水平对橡胶树根系活力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(1):16-30.
[26]Huang B,Johson J W,Box J E,et al.Root characteristics and hormone activity of wheat in response to hypoxia and ethylene[J].Crop Science,1997,37(3):812-818.
[27]王德兴.氮、磷、钾肥对油葵生长发育、产量及相关性状的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.37-38.
[28]唐超,雷雨田,路耿新,等.氮磷钾配施对荞麦生育进程及农艺性状的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(4):20-26.
[29]蒋小忠,封超年,郭文善.施磷量与磷肥基追比对弱筋小麦产量和品质的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2013,(5):7-10.
[30]孔晓民,韩成卫,曾苏明,等.不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(1):108-113.
[31]张文超.耕作方式对土壤主要理化性状及玉米产量形成的影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2017.31.
[32]丁昆仑,Hann M J.深松耕作对土壤水分物理特性及作物生长的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,1997,(11):13-16.
[33]Izumi Y,Yoshida T,Iijima M.Effects of sub soiling to the non-tilled field of wheat-soybean rotation on the root system development,water uptake,and yield plant[J].Plant Production Science,2009,12(3):327-335.
[34]Leskiw L A,Welsh C M,Zeleke T B.Effect of sub soiling and injection of pelletized organic matter on soil quality and productivity[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2012,92(1):269-276.
[35]石岩,位东斌,于振文,等.深耘断根对旱地小麦花后根系衰老及产量的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2000,6(6):516-519.
[36]李亚杰,唐江华,苏丽丽,等.耕作方式对土壤含水量及夏大豆生长的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(4):621-627.
[37]Sander D H,Eghball B.Planting date and phosphorus fertilizer effects on winter wheat[J].Agronomy Journal,1999,91:707-712.
[38]刘红亮,不同耕作方式对土壤特性及玉米生长发育的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.11-43.
[39]赵更生,郑剑英.氮磷配合施用荞麦增产显著[J].陕西农业科学,1989,(1):33-45.