晋陕蒙典型化石能源开发区土地利用变化及其生态响应
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摘要
以晋陕蒙典型化石能源开发区———晋陕蒙接壤区为例,基于1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年5期土地利用遥感解译数据,采用土地利用转移矩阵模型和土地利用转型的生态响应模型,研究1995—2015年区域土地利用变化特征及其生态响应。结果表明:(1)1995—2015年,研究区耕地和草地面积分别减少676 km~2和1 808 km~2,林地、建设用地、水域和未利用地面积分别增加1 063 km~2、966 km~2、29 km~2和426 km~2,耕地、草地和未利用地的相互转换是土地利用变化的主导类型。(2)1995年以来,区域生态系统服务价值呈现增长态势,20 a间共增加了1.86×10~(10)元,其中林地、草地和水域的贡献最为突出。(3)近20 a,区域环境质量整体呈现先上升后下降的演变态势,在地域上存在恶化、稳定和改善3种演化类型,分别占区域总面积的21.89%、57.08%和21.03%。(4)水域、草地和林地的退化是区域环境质量恶化的主导因子,耕地和未利用地转换为草地、林地和水域,以及草地转换为林地和水域是区域环境质量改善的重要驱动因子。
Research on land use change and ecological response in typical fossil energy development zones is of significance in optimizing the land use pattern and improving the ecological quality.In this paper,a case study on land use change and its effects on ecological response in typical fossil energy development zones in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous region was carried out based on RS and GIS.The purposes of the study were to acquire the land use data in 1995,2000,2005,2010 and 2015 and analyze the characteristics of land use change and its ecological response by using the methods of transfer matrix of land use change and ecological response of land use transition.The results revealed that,during the period from 1995 to 2015,the areas of arable land and grassland were reduced by 676 km~2and 1 808 km~2,and those of forestland,residential land,waters and unused land were enlarged by 1 063 km~2,966 km~2,29 km~2and 426 km~2,respectively.The land use was changed apparently with an inter-conversion of arable land,grassland and unused land.In recent 20 years,the value of regional ecosystem services was increased gradually with an increase of 1.86×10~(10)yuan RMB.Moreover,the contribution of forestland,grassland and waters was the most prominent.The overall quality of regional ecology was in an increasingly evolutionary trend at first and then decreasingly one during the period from 1995 to 2015.There were three evolutionary trends of environment quality in the study area,i.e.the deterioration,stability,and improvement.Among them,the area with stable environment quality was the largest and accounted for 57.08%of the total area,and the areas with deteriorated and improved environment quality accounted for 21.89%and 21.03%respectively.The degradation of waters,grassland and forestland was the leading factor in the deterioration of regional environment quality,and the conversion of arable land and unused land to grassland,forestland and waters,and of the conversion of grassland to forestland and waters were the important driving factors for the improvement of regional environment quality.Therefore,it is an important way to improve the environmental quality and achieve the sustainable development of the fossil energy development zones by strengthening the protection and management of forest land and grassland resources,rationally developing and utilizing the land and water resources,increasing the level of intensive use of arable land resources,and promoting the ecological restoration and land restoration in the new era.
Research on land use change and ecological response in typical fossil energy development zones is of significance in optimizing the land use pattern and improving the ecological quality.In this paper,a case study on land use change and its effects on ecological response in typical fossil energy development zones in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous region was carried out based on RS and GIS.The purposes of the study were to acquire the land use data in 1995,2000,2005,2010 and 2015 and analyze the characteristics of land use change and its ecological response by using the methods of transfer matrix of land use change and ecological response of land use transition.The results revealed that,during the period from 1995 to 2015,the areas of arable land and grassland were reduced by 676 km~2and 1 808 km~2,and those of forestland,residential land,waters and unused land were enlarged by 1 063 km~2,966 km~2,29 km~2and 426 km~2,respectively.The land use was changed apparently with an inter-conversion of arable land,grassland and unused land.In recent 20 years,the value of regional ecosystem services was increased gradually with an increase of 1.86×10~(10)yuan RMB.Moreover,the contribution of forestland,grassland and waters was the most prominent.The overall quality of regional ecology was in an increasingly evolutionary trend at first and then decreasingly one during the period from 1995 to 2015.There were three evolutionary trends of environment quality in the study area,i.e.the deterioration,stability,and improvement.Among them,the area with stable environment quality was the largest and accounted for 57.08%of the total area,and the areas with deteriorated and improved environment quality accounted for 21.89%and 21.03%respectively.The degradation of waters,grassland and forestland was the leading factor in the deterioration of regional environment quality,and the conversion of arable land and unused land to grassland,forestland and waters,and of the conversion of grassland to forestland and waters were the important driving factors for the improvement of regional environment quality.Therefore,it is an important way to improve the environmental quality and achieve the sustainable development of the fossil energy development zones by strengthening the protection and management of forest land and grassland resources,rationally developing and utilizing the land and water resources,increasing the level of intensive use of arable land resources,and promoting the ecological restoration and land restoration in the new era.
引文
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[13]吴蒙.长三角地区土地利用变化的生态系统服务响应与可持续性情景模拟研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2017.[Wu Meng.Study on the Response of Ecosystem Services to Land use Change and the Scenario Simulation of Land Use Sustainability in Yangtze River Delta[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2017.]
[14]李俊,董锁成,毛琦梁,等.宁蒙沿黄地带城镇用地变化及其生态效应[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(6):1 262-1 269.[Li Jun,Dong Suocheng,Mao Qiliang,et al.Urban land change and its ecological effect in the areas along the Yellow River in Ningxia Hui and Inner Mongolia autonomous regions[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(6):1 262-1 269.]
[15]于淼,吕晓,廉丽姝,等.江苏省沿海地区土地利用变化及其生态效应[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(3):1-9.[Yu Miao,Lv Xiao,Lian Lishu,et al.Land use changes and its ecology effects in coastal region of Jiangsu province[J].Bulletion of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(3):1-9.]
[16]杜金龙,朱记伟,解建仓,等.近25 a关中地区土地利用及其景观格局变化[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(1):217-226.[Du Jinlong,Zhu Jiwei,Xie Jiancang,et al.Changes of land use and landscape pattern in the Guanzhong area in recent 25 years[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(1):217-226.]
[17]谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,等.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(8):1 243-1 255.[Xie Gaodi,Zhang Caixia,Zhang Leiming,et al.Improvement of the evaluation method for ecosystem service value based on per unit area[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(8):1 243-1 255.]
[18]吕立刚,周生路,周兵兵,等.区域发展过程中土地利用转型及其生态环境响应研究——以江苏省为例[J].地理科学,2013,33(12):1 442-1 449.[Lv Ligang,Zhou Shenglu,Zhou Bingbing,et al.Land use transformation and its eco-environmental response in process of the regional development:A case study of Jiangsu province[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(12):1 442-1 449.]
[19]巩杰,钱彩云,钱大文.1977—2013年疏勒河中下游土地利用变化与环境响应[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(4):775-781.[Gun Jie,Qian Caiyun,Qian Dawen.Land use change and response of environment in the middle-lower reaches of the Shule river basin during the period of 1977-2013[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(4):775-781.]
[20]吕辉红,王文杰,谢炳庚.晋陕蒙接壤区典型生态过渡带景观变化遥感研究[J].环境科学研究,2011,14(6):50-53.[Lv Huihong,Wang Wenjie,Xie Binggeng.A study on landscape changes of ecotone in contiguous area of Shanxi,Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia using remotely sensed data[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,14(6):50-53.]
[21]宋永永,薛东前,代兰海.生态脆弱能源区人居环境与经济协调发展时空格局及演化机制——以晋陕蒙接壤区为例[J].干旱区地理,2017,40(6):1 328-1 337.[Song Yongyong,Xue Dongqian,Dai Lanhai.Spatial-temporal pattern and evolution mechanism of coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy in energy accumulation and vulnerable ecology regions:A case of contiguous areas among Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia[J].Arid Land Geography,2017,40(6):1 328-1 337.]
[2]吴琳娜,杨胜天,刘晓燕,等.1976年以来北洛河流域土地利用变化对人类活动程度的响应[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):54-63.[Wu Linna,Yang Shengtian,Liu Xiaoyan,et al.Response analysis of land use change to the degree of human activities in Beiluo River basin since 1976[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(1):54-63.]
[3]Gascoigne W R,Hoag D,Koontz L,et al.Valuing ecosystem and economic services across land-use scenarios in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Dakotas,USA[J].Ecological Economics,2011,70(10):1 715-1 725.
[4]王晓东,蒙吉军.土地利用变化的环境生态效应研究进展[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(6):1 133-1 140.[Wang Xiaodong,Meng Jijun.Research progress on the environmental-ecological impacts of land use change[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2014,50(6):1 133-1 140.]
[5]Costanza R,Arge R,Groot R,et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,386(8):253-260.
[6]Polasky S,Nelson E,Pennington D,et al.The impact of land-use change on ecosystem services,biodiversity and returns to landowners:A case study in the state of minnesota[J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2011,48(2):219-242.
[7]Zorrilla-Miras P,Palomo I,Gómez-Baggethun E,et al.Effects of land use change on wetland ecosystem services:A case study in the Do1ana marshes(SW Spain)[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2014,122(2):160-174.
[8]Kremen C,Williams N M,Aizen M A,et al.Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile organisms:A conceptual framework for the effects of land-use change[J].Ecology Letters,2007,10(4):299-314.
[9]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.[Xie Gaodi,Lu Chunxia,Leng Yunfa,et al.Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,18(2):189-196.]
[10]傅伯杰,张立伟.土地利用变化与生态系统服务:概念、方法与进展[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(4):441-446.[Fu Bojie,Zhang Liwei.Land-use change and ecosystem services:Concepts,methods and progress[J].Progress in Geography,2014,33(4):441-446.]
[11]张琨,吕一河,傅伯杰.黄土高原典型区植被恢复及其对生态系统服务的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(1):23-31.[Zhang Kun,Lv Yihe,Fu Bojie.Vegetation restoration and its influences on ecosystem services in areas typical of the Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(1):23-31.]
[12]杨依天,郑度,张雪芹,等.1980—2010年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应[J].地理学报,2013,68(6):813-824.[Yang Yitian,Zheng Du,Zhang Xueqin,et al.The spatial coupling of land use changes and its environmental effects on Hotan oasis during 1980-2010[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(6):813-824.]
[13]吴蒙.长三角地区土地利用变化的生态系统服务响应与可持续性情景模拟研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2017.[Wu Meng.Study on the Response of Ecosystem Services to Land use Change and the Scenario Simulation of Land Use Sustainability in Yangtze River Delta[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2017.]
[14]李俊,董锁成,毛琦梁,等.宁蒙沿黄地带城镇用地变化及其生态效应[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(6):1 262-1 269.[Li Jun,Dong Suocheng,Mao Qiliang,et al.Urban land change and its ecological effect in the areas along the Yellow River in Ningxia Hui and Inner Mongolia autonomous regions[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(6):1 262-1 269.]
[15]于淼,吕晓,廉丽姝,等.江苏省沿海地区土地利用变化及其生态效应[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(3):1-9.[Yu Miao,Lv Xiao,Lian Lishu,et al.Land use changes and its ecology effects in coastal region of Jiangsu province[J].Bulletion of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(3):1-9.]
[16]杜金龙,朱记伟,解建仓,等.近25 a关中地区土地利用及其景观格局变化[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(1):217-226.[Du Jinlong,Zhu Jiwei,Xie Jiancang,et al.Changes of land use and landscape pattern in the Guanzhong area in recent 25 years[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(1):217-226.]
[17]谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,等.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(8):1 243-1 255.[Xie Gaodi,Zhang Caixia,Zhang Leiming,et al.Improvement of the evaluation method for ecosystem service value based on per unit area[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(8):1 243-1 255.]
[18]吕立刚,周生路,周兵兵,等.区域发展过程中土地利用转型及其生态环境响应研究——以江苏省为例[J].地理科学,2013,33(12):1 442-1 449.[Lv Ligang,Zhou Shenglu,Zhou Bingbing,et al.Land use transformation and its eco-environmental response in process of the regional development:A case study of Jiangsu province[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(12):1 442-1 449.]
[19]巩杰,钱彩云,钱大文.1977—2013年疏勒河中下游土地利用变化与环境响应[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(4):775-781.[Gun Jie,Qian Caiyun,Qian Dawen.Land use change and response of environment in the middle-lower reaches of the Shule river basin during the period of 1977-2013[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(4):775-781.]
[20]吕辉红,王文杰,谢炳庚.晋陕蒙接壤区典型生态过渡带景观变化遥感研究[J].环境科学研究,2011,14(6):50-53.[Lv Huihong,Wang Wenjie,Xie Binggeng.A study on landscape changes of ecotone in contiguous area of Shanxi,Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia using remotely sensed data[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,14(6):50-53.]
[21]宋永永,薛东前,代兰海.生态脆弱能源区人居环境与经济协调发展时空格局及演化机制——以晋陕蒙接壤区为例[J].干旱区地理,2017,40(6):1 328-1 337.[Song Yongyong,Xue Dongqian,Dai Lanhai.Spatial-temporal pattern and evolution mechanism of coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy in energy accumulation and vulnerable ecology regions:A case of contiguous areas among Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia[J].Arid Land Geography,2017,40(6):1 328-1 337.]