不同植物生态景观盐碱地土壤酶活性的研究
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摘要
为农业的可持续发展和合理开发利用荒废状态的盐碱地,2014年6月,在西辽河流域盐碱地选择虎尾草、苔草、芦苇、马蔺、光板地、玉米地、羊草及碱蓬8种植物景观,各景观分0-5,5~(-1)5,15-30,30-50 cm 4个层次取土,分析测试淀粉酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶的活性.结果表明,0-5 cm土层不同植物生态景观下的各种酶差异显著,玉米景观土壤脲酶活性最高达2.849 mg·(g·48 h)~(-1);5~(-1)5 cm土层脲酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶活性差异显著,羊草景观土壤脲酶活性最高可达1.823 mg·(g·48 h)~(-1),玉米景观土壤过氧化氢酶未检测出;15-30 cm土层脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著,羊草景观土壤脲酶活性达2.049 mg·(g·48 h)~(-1),玉米景观土壤过氧化氢酶活性最低为0;30-50 cm土层不同植物生态景观下土壤各种酶差异不显著.随着土层逐渐加深,不同植物生态景观下土壤各种酶活性逐渐降低.对不同植物生态景观同一剖面层次及同一生态景观不同剖面层次对盐碱地土壤酶活性进行研究,可为盐碱化土地的合理利用提供理论依据.
In order to develop abandoned saline-alkali soil in a sustainable and rational way, the enzyme activity of soil in saline-alkali soil of different plant ecological landscapes and depths were determined. The saline-alkali soil in the western Liaohe river basin was selected for the study in June 2014. Eight plant landscapes, including Chloris virgata, moss grass, reeds, Iris Lacteal Pall, bare-land, maize field, Leymus chinensis, and Suaeda salsa,were divided into 4 depths, 0-5, 5~(-1)5, 15-30, and 30-50 cm. The activities of amylase, urease, protease, catalase and cellulase were determined. There were significant differences in the enzyme activities under different plant ecological landscapes in the 0-5 cm soil layer. The urease activity in maize landscape soil was up to 2.849 mg·(g·48 h)~(-1). The activities of urease, catalase and cellulase in the 5~(-1)5 cm soil layer were significantly different and the soil urease activity in the Leymus chinensis landscape was up to 1.823 mg·(g·48 h)~(-1), while there was no catalase activity detected in the maize landscape. Urease and catalase activities in the 15-30 cm soil layer were significant, with urease activity in the Leymus chinensis landscape soil up to 2.049 mg·(g·48 h)~(-1) and the catalase activity of maize landscape soil was the lowest 0. There was no significant difference in soil enzymes under different plant ecological landscapes in the 30-50 cm soil layer. With the deepening of soil layer, the soil enzyme activities of different plant ecological landscapes gradually decreased. This information can provide theoretical basis for the rational utilization of saline-alkali soil.
In order to develop abandoned saline-alkali soil in a sustainable and rational way, the enzyme activity of soil in saline-alkali soil of different plant ecological landscapes and depths were determined. The saline-alkali soil in the western Liaohe river basin was selected for the study in June 2014. Eight plant landscapes, including Chloris virgata, moss grass, reeds, Iris Lacteal Pall, bare-land, maize field, Leymus chinensis, and Suaeda salsa,were divided into 4 depths, 0-5, 5~(-1)5, 15-30, and 30-50 cm. The activities of amylase, urease, protease, catalase and cellulase were determined. There were significant differences in the enzyme activities under different plant ecological landscapes in the 0-5 cm soil layer. The urease activity in maize landscape soil was up to 2.849 mg·(g·48 h)~(-1). The activities of urease, catalase and cellulase in the 5~(-1)5 cm soil layer were significantly different and the soil urease activity in the Leymus chinensis landscape was up to 1.823 mg·(g·48 h)~(-1), while there was no catalase activity detected in the maize landscape. Urease and catalase activities in the 15-30 cm soil layer were significant, with urease activity in the Leymus chinensis landscape soil up to 2.049 mg·(g·48 h)~(-1) and the catalase activity of maize landscape soil was the lowest 0. There was no significant difference in soil enzymes under different plant ecological landscapes in the 30-50 cm soil layer. With the deepening of soil layer, the soil enzyme activities of different plant ecological landscapes gradually decreased. This information can provide theoretical basis for the rational utilization of saline-alkali soil.
引文
[1]陈恩凤.土壤酶的生物学意义(代序)[A].中国科学院林业研究所,中国科学院土壤肥料研究所,吉林农业大学.全国土壤酶学研究文集[C].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1988.
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[3]张咏梅,周国逸,吴宁.土壤酶学的研究进展[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(1):83-90.
[4]董艳,董坤,郑毅,等.种植年限和种植模式对设施土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):527-532.
[5]Aon M A,Colaneri A C.Temporal and spatial evolution of enzymatic activities and physicochemical properties in an agricultural soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2001,18(3):255-270.
[6]Yao X H,Min H,LüZ H,et al.Influence of acetamiprid on soil enzymatic activities and respiration[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2006,42(2):120-126.
[7]王启兰,曹广民,王长庭.放牧对小嵩草草甸土壤酶活性及土壤环境因素的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(5):856-864.
[8]柯英,李凤霞.不同改良年限对银川平原盐碱地土壤微生物区系及多样性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(6):75-79.
[9]梁菊蓉.不同灌溉方式对新疆盐碱地土壤理化性质和微生物特性的影响[J].节水灌溉,2012(7):18-20,23.
[10]赵辉,杨涓,腾迎凤,等.脱硫渣废弃物对盐碱地油葵根际微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(11):2718-2721.
[11]周礼恺,张志明,陈恩凤.黑土的酶活性[J].土壤学报,1981,18(2):158-166.
[12]岳中辉,王博文,王洪峰,等.松嫩草原盐碱土过氧化物酶活性及其与肥力因素的关系[J].草地学报,2009(3):294-297.
[13]吴丽云,曹帮华,黄彦新,等.滨海盐碱地刺槐臭椿混交林土壤酶活性季节动态研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(6):889-894.
[14]曹帮华,吴丽云.滨海盐碱地刺槐白蜡混交林土壤酶与养分相关性研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):128-133.
[15]李凤霞,王学琴,郭永忠,等.宁夏引黄灌区不同盐化程度土壤酶活性及微生物多样性研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):61-65.
[16]Ghollarata M,Raiesi F.The adverse effects of soil salinization on the growth of Trifolium exandrinum L.and associated microbial and biochemical properties in a soil from Iran[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(7):1699-1702.
[17]董丽洁,陆兆华,贾琼,等.造纸废水灌溉对黄河三角洲盐碱地土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(24):6821-6827.
[18]窦超银,康跃虎,莫家玉,等.地下水浅埋区重度盐碱地滴灌不同种植年限对土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,42(5):807-814.
[19]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1983.
[20]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[21]和文祥,朱铭莪,张一平.土壤酶与重金属关系的研究现状[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(2):139-142.
[22]Frankenberger J R,Johanson J B,Nelson C O.Urease activity in sewage sludge amended soils[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1983,15(5):543-549.
[2]García-Ruiz R,Ochoa V,Hinojosa M B,et al.Suitability of enzyme activities for the monitoring of soil quality improvement in organic agricultural systems[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(9):2137-2145.
[3]张咏梅,周国逸,吴宁.土壤酶学的研究进展[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(1):83-90.
[4]董艳,董坤,郑毅,等.种植年限和种植模式对设施土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):527-532.
[5]Aon M A,Colaneri A C.Temporal and spatial evolution of enzymatic activities and physicochemical properties in an agricultural soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2001,18(3):255-270.
[6]Yao X H,Min H,LüZ H,et al.Influence of acetamiprid on soil enzymatic activities and respiration[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2006,42(2):120-126.
[7]王启兰,曹广民,王长庭.放牧对小嵩草草甸土壤酶活性及土壤环境因素的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(5):856-864.
[8]柯英,李凤霞.不同改良年限对银川平原盐碱地土壤微生物区系及多样性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(6):75-79.
[9]梁菊蓉.不同灌溉方式对新疆盐碱地土壤理化性质和微生物特性的影响[J].节水灌溉,2012(7):18-20,23.
[10]赵辉,杨涓,腾迎凤,等.脱硫渣废弃物对盐碱地油葵根际微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(11):2718-2721.
[11]周礼恺,张志明,陈恩凤.黑土的酶活性[J].土壤学报,1981,18(2):158-166.
[12]岳中辉,王博文,王洪峰,等.松嫩草原盐碱土过氧化物酶活性及其与肥力因素的关系[J].草地学报,2009(3):294-297.
[13]吴丽云,曹帮华,黄彦新,等.滨海盐碱地刺槐臭椿混交林土壤酶活性季节动态研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(6):889-894.
[14]曹帮华,吴丽云.滨海盐碱地刺槐白蜡混交林土壤酶与养分相关性研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):128-133.
[15]李凤霞,王学琴,郭永忠,等.宁夏引黄灌区不同盐化程度土壤酶活性及微生物多样性研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):61-65.
[16]Ghollarata M,Raiesi F.The adverse effects of soil salinization on the growth of Trifolium exandrinum L.and associated microbial and biochemical properties in a soil from Iran[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(7):1699-1702.
[17]董丽洁,陆兆华,贾琼,等.造纸废水灌溉对黄河三角洲盐碱地土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(24):6821-6827.
[18]窦超银,康跃虎,莫家玉,等.地下水浅埋区重度盐碱地滴灌不同种植年限对土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,42(5):807-814.
[19]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1983.
[20]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[21]和文祥,朱铭莪,张一平.土壤酶与重金属关系的研究现状[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(2):139-142.
[22]Frankenberger J R,Johanson J B,Nelson C O.Urease activity in sewage sludge amended soils[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1983,15(5):543-549.
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