基于电路理论的生态格局识别与保护研究——以宁武县为例
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摘要
基于电路理论中电荷随机游走特性与连接模型,采用生态源地识别、生态廊道构建等生态安全格局研究一般范式,对山西省宁武县生态格局进行了研究。结果表明:1) 18块生态源地以林地和草地为主,水域和湿地为其补充,分布相对分散,占县域面积23%; 2) 41条生态廊道(含34条关键廊道,潜在廊道7条)主要围绕次生原始森林分布,由草地和灌木林地组成; 3)生态廊道改善系数介于0-9. 27,夹点区域相对集中于县域南部; 4)将生态源地、生态廊道、夹点区域、改善区组合构成了综合生态安全格局,并划定保护区、改善区和发展区等3个类型区。
With inspiration from the general research paradigm of ecological security pattern,the case study of Ningwu County about ecological pattern and protection had been conducted. Based on the charge random walk property and circuit connection model,the ecological sources and corridors were identified. There are 18 ecological source areas in the study area. It was found that these ecological source areas are dominated by forest and grassland. Waters and wetlands are complementary types. Those ecological source areas showed scattered distribution,accounting for 23% of the county's total area. There are 41 ecological corridors,including 34 key corridors and 7 potential corridors,they are around secondary virgin forest,and are composed of grassland and shrubbery. The improvement coefficients of ecological corridors are in the range of 0-9. 27. The pinch points are mostly concentrated in the southeast of the study area. A comprehensive ecological security pattern was formed with spatially integration of the ecological sources,ecological corridors,pinch area and improved areas.On this basis,this paper delimited three types of areas including protected areas,improvement areas and development areas.
With inspiration from the general research paradigm of ecological security pattern,the case study of Ningwu County about ecological pattern and protection had been conducted. Based on the charge random walk property and circuit connection model,the ecological sources and corridors were identified. There are 18 ecological source areas in the study area. It was found that these ecological source areas are dominated by forest and grassland. Waters and wetlands are complementary types. Those ecological source areas showed scattered distribution,accounting for 23% of the county's total area. There are 41 ecological corridors,including 34 key corridors and 7 potential corridors,they are around secondary virgin forest,and are composed of grassland and shrubbery. The improvement coefficients of ecological corridors are in the range of 0-9. 27. The pinch points are mostly concentrated in the southeast of the study area. A comprehensive ecological security pattern was formed with spatially integration of the ecological sources,ecological corridors,pinch area and improved areas.On this basis,this paper delimited three types of areas including protected areas,improvement areas and development areas.
引文
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[19]宋敏敏,张青峰,吴发启,等.黄土沟壑区小流域景观格局演变及生态服务价值响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(8):1-10.
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[2]彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):407-419.
[3]Forman R T T. Land Mosaics:The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1995.
[4]朱军,李益敏,余艳红.基于GIS的高原湖泊流域生态安全格局构建及优化研究-以星云湖流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(8):1237-1250.
[5]杜悦悦,胡熠娜,杨旸,等.基于生态重要性和敏感性的西南山地生态安全格局构建-以云南省大理白族自治州为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8241-8253.
[6]宋利利,秦明周.整合电路理论的生态廊道及其重要性识别[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3344-3352.
[7]张恒玮,周俊菊,王兰英.民勤绿洲景观生态安全格局分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(1):125-129.
[8]侯大伟,刘艳,孙华.退耕还林背景下寒地山区土地生态安全格局动态变化[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(18):267-276.
[9]吴健生,岳新欣,秦维.基于生态系统服务价值重构的生态安全格局构建-以重庆两江新区为例[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):429-440.
[10]蒙吉军,王晓东,尤南山,等.黑河中游生态用地景观连接性动态变化及距离阈值[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(6):1715-1726.
[11]谢花林,李秀彬.基于GIS的区域关键性生态用地空间结构识别方法探讨[J].资源科学,2011,31(1):112-119.
[12]Urban D,and Keitt T. Landscape connectivity:a graph-theoretic approach[J]. Ecology,2001,82(5):1205-1218.
[13]陈利顶,傅伯杰,赵文武.“源”“汇”景观理论及其生态学意义[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1444-1449.
[14]李道进,逄勇,钱者东,等.基于景观生态学源-汇理论的自然保护区功能分区研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(Z1):53-59.
[15]Knaapen J P,Scheffer M,Harms B. Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,1992,23(1):1-16.
[16]储金龙,王佩,顾康康,等.山水型城市生态安全格局构建与建设用地开发策略[J].生态学报,2016,36(23):7804-7813.
[17]李潇然,李阳兵,王永艳,等.三峡库区县域景观生态安全格局识别与功能分区-以奉节县为例[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(7):1959-1967.
[18]杨天荣,匡文慧,刘卫东,等.基于生态安全格局的关中城市群生态空间结构优化布局[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):441-452.
[19]宋敏敏,张青峰,吴发启,等.黄土沟壑区小流域景观格局演变及生态服务价值响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(8):1-10.
[20]Doyle P,Snell J. Random walks and electric networks[J]. Mathematical Association of America,1984,22(2):595-599.
[21]Mc Rae B H,Dickon B G,Keitt T H,et al. Using circuit theory to model connectivity in ecology,evolution,and conservation[J]. Ecology,2008,89(10):2712–2724.
[22]Mc Rae B H,Hall S A,Beier P,et al. Where to restore ecological connectivity? Detecting barriers and quantifying restoration benefits[J]. PLo S ONE,2012,7(12):e52604