涡度相关技术在农田生态系统通量研究中的应用
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摘要
阐述了涡度相关技术的基本原理、观测特征及影响因素,综述了其在我国农田生态系统水热、碳通量的研究进展和模型模拟,分析了农田通量的变化特征,对应用涡度相关技术开展农田地表—大气间水、热通量交换观测所面临的问题进行分析,指出目前存在的主要问题是通量数据修正方法的选择、数据的质量保证、通量模拟模型的尺度转换,对其在农田生态系统的应用提出建议,认为观测数据处理分析、通量数据的校正与评价、模型开发、增加观测站点、尺度推演、长期观测是未来研究的重点。
The basic principles,observation characteristics and influencing factors of Eddy covariance technology were expounded.The research progress and model simulation of hydrothermal and carbon flux in farmland ecosystems in China were reviewed.The variation characteristics of farmland flux were analyzed.The paper analyzed the problems faced by the application of Eddy covariance technology in the field of surface-atmosphere water and heat flux exchange observation.It pointed out that the main problems existing at present were the selection of flux data correction methods,data quality assurance,and scale conversion of flux simulation models,and put forward suggestions for its application in farmland ecosystems,and considered that observation data processing analysis and flux,data correction and evaluation,model development,increased observation sites,scale deductions,and long-term observations were the focus of future research.
The basic principles,observation characteristics and influencing factors of Eddy covariance technology were expounded.The research progress and model simulation of hydrothermal and carbon flux in farmland ecosystems in China were reviewed.The variation characteristics of farmland flux were analyzed.The paper analyzed the problems faced by the application of Eddy covariance technology in the field of surface-atmosphere water and heat flux exchange observation.It pointed out that the main problems existing at present were the selection of flux data correction methods,data quality assurance,and scale conversion of flux simulation models,and put forward suggestions for its application in farmland ecosystems,and considered that observation data processing analysis and flux,data correction and evaluation,model development,increased observation sites,scale deductions,and long-term observations were the focus of future research.
引文
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[4]SWINBANK W.The measurement of vertical transfer of heat and water vapor by eddy the lower atmosphere[J].Meteorol,1951,8(3):135-145.
[5]SCHMID H P.Experimental design for flux measurements:Matching scales of observations and fluxes[J].Agric For Meteorol,1997,87(62):179-200.
[6]REBMANN C,G FCKEDE,M.FOKEN T.Quality analysis applied on eddy covariance measurements at complex forest sites using foot-print modeling[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2004,19(2):70-95.
[7]SAITO M,MIYATA A,NAGAI H,et al.Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide exchange in rice paddy field in Japan[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2005,135(1/2/3/4):93-109.
[8]MOUREAUX C,DEBACQ A,BODSON B,et al.Annual net ecosystem carbon exchange by a sugar beet crop[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,139(1/2):25-39.
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[17]赵少华,邱国玉,杨永辉,等.遥感水文耦合模型的研究进展[J].生态环境,2006,15(6):1391-1396.
[18]高志球,卞林根,程彦杰,等.利用生物圈模型(SiB2)模拟青藏高原那曲草原近地面层能量收支[J].应用气象学报,2002(2):129-140.
[19]李祎君,许振柱,王云龙,等.玉米农田水热通量动态与能量闭合分析[J].植物生态学报,2007(6):1132-1144.
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[22]HAM J M,HEILMAN J L,LAS CANO R J.Soil and canopy energy balances of a row crop at partial cover[J].1991,83(9):744-753.
[23]冯敏玉,甘传辉,胡凤喜,等.农田生态系统能量平衡闭合状况及能量平衡闭合分析[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(2):217-220.
[24]高志球,卞林根,陆龙骅,等.水稻不同生长期稻田能量收支、CO2通量模拟研究[J].应用气象学报,2004(2):129-140.
[25]袁再健,沈彦俊,褚英敏,等.华北平原冬小麦生长期典型农田热、碳通量特征与过程模拟[J].环境科学,2010(1):41-48.
[26]陆佩玲,于强,罗毅.华北地区冬小麦田辐射过程与热量过程的基本特征[J].中国生态农业学报,2000(1):10-13.
[27]童应祥,田红.寿县小麦下垫面能量平衡闭合状况分析[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(18):384-387.
[28]万志红,李荣平,周广胜,等.锦州地区玉米农田生态系统水汽通量变化特征及其调控机制[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(6):155-159.
[29]WOOD S,SEBASTIAN K.Pilot analysis of global ecosystem agroecosystems technical report[R].Washington D C:Word Resources Institute and International Food Policy Research Institute,2001.
[30]胡隐樵,张强.论大气边界层的局地相似性[J].大气科学,1993(1):10-20.
[31]郭家选,李玉中,严昌荣,等.华北平原冬小麦农田蒸散量[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(12):2357-2362.
[32]SEGUIN B,ASSAD E,FRETEAUD J P,et al.Use of meteorological satellites for water balance monitoring in Sahelian regions[J].Int JRemote Sens,1989,10:1101-1107.
[33]S魪GUIN B,ITIER B.Using midday surface temperature to estimate daily evaporation from satellite thermal IR data[J].Int J Remote Sens,1983,4(12):371-383.
[34]林同保,王志强,宋雪雷,等.冬小麦农田二氧化碳通量及其影响因素分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1458-1463.
[35]李俊,于强,孙晓敏,等.华北平原农田生态系统碳交换及其环境调控机制[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(增刊2):210-223.
[36]田红,伍琼,童应祥.安徽省寿县农田能量平衡评价[J].应用气象学报,2011,22(3):356-361.
[37]PETER CURTIS S,PAUL HANSON J,PAUL BOLSTAD.Biometric and eddy covariance based estimates of annual carbon storage in five eastern North American deciduous forests[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,113:3-19.
[38]张永强,沈彦俊,刘昌明,等.华北平原典型农田水、热与CO2通量的测定[J].地理学报,2002,(3):335-344.
[39]WEBB E K,PEARMAN G I,LEUNING R.Correct ion of flux measurements for density effect heat and water vapor transfer[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1980,10(6):85-100.
[40]郭建侠,卞林根,戴永久.在华北玉米生育期观测的16 m高度CO2浓度及通量特征[J].大气科学,2007,31(4):695-707.
[41]XUHUI LEE.Long term observation of the atmospheric exchange of CO2with a temperate deciduous forest in southern Ontario,Canada[J].Geophysical Research,1999,10(4):15976-15984.
[42]LIU HE PING.An alter native approach f or CO2flux correction caused by heat and water vapor transfer[J].Boundary Layer Meteorology,2005,11(5):151-168.
[43]RAYMENT M B,JARVIS P G.Temporal and spatial variation of soil CO2flux in a Canadian boreal forest[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2000,3(2):35-45.
[44]秦钟.华北平原农田水热、CO2通量的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[45]DENNIS BALDOCCHI D,BRUCE HICKS B,AND TILDEN MEYERSP.Measuring biosphere at mosphere exchange biologically related gases with logical methods[J].Ecology,1988,65(5):1331-1340.
[2]HUTCHINSON J,CAMPBELL C A,DESJARDINS R L.Some perspectives on carbon sequestration in agriculture[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2007,142(2/3/4):288-302.
[3]李晶,王明星,王跃思,等.农田生态系统温室气体排放研究进展[J]大气科学,2003,27(4):740-749.
[4]SWINBANK W.The measurement of vertical transfer of heat and water vapor by eddy the lower atmosphere[J].Meteorol,1951,8(3):135-145.
[5]SCHMID H P.Experimental design for flux measurements:Matching scales of observations and fluxes[J].Agric For Meteorol,1997,87(62):179-200.
[6]REBMANN C,G FCKEDE,M.FOKEN T.Quality analysis applied on eddy covariance measurements at complex forest sites using foot-print modeling[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2004,19(2):70-95.
[7]SAITO M,MIYATA A,NAGAI H,et al.Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide exchange in rice paddy field in Japan[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2005,135(1/2/3/4):93-109.
[8]MOUREAUX C,DEBACQ A,BODSON B,et al.Annual net ecosystem carbon exchange by a sugar beet crop[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,139(1/2):25-39.
[9]王文杰,于景华,毛子军,等.森林生态系统CO2通量的研究方法及研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2003,22(5):102-107.
[10]王妍,张旭东,彭镇华,等.森林生态系统碳通量研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2006,19(3):12-17.
[11]耿元波,董云社,齐玉春.草地生态系统碳循环研究评述[J].地理科学进展,2004,23(3):74-81.
[12]于贵瑞,李正泉,孙晓敏,等.陆地生态系统通量观测的原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:371-372.
[13]贾庆宇,王宇,李丽光.城市生态系统和大气中的碳通量进展[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(10):1569-1574.
[14]SELLERS,P J.A simple biosphere model(SiB2)for use within general circulation models[J].Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,1986(6):505-531.
[15]王绍强,陈育峰.陆地表层碳循环模型研究及其趋势[J].地理科学进展,1998,17(4):66-74.
[16]刘树华.环境物理学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:305-310.
[17]赵少华,邱国玉,杨永辉,等.遥感水文耦合模型的研究进展[J].生态环境,2006,15(6):1391-1396.
[18]高志球,卞林根,程彦杰,等.利用生物圈模型(SiB2)模拟青藏高原那曲草原近地面层能量收支[J].应用气象学报,2002(2):129-140.
[19]李祎君,许振柱,王云龙,等.玉米农田水热通量动态与能量闭合分析[J].植物生态学报,2007(6):1132-1144.
[20]张雪松.冬小麦农田生态系统碳、水循环特征及冠层上方碳通量的模拟[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2009.
[21]GUTIERREZ M V,MEIZER C F.Energy balance and latent heat flux partitioning in coffee hedgerows at different stadeges of canopy development[J].Agric For Meteorol,1994,68(3):173-186.
[22]HAM J M,HEILMAN J L,LAS CANO R J.Soil and canopy energy balances of a row crop at partial cover[J].1991,83(9):744-753.
[23]冯敏玉,甘传辉,胡凤喜,等.农田生态系统能量平衡闭合状况及能量平衡闭合分析[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(2):217-220.
[24]高志球,卞林根,陆龙骅,等.水稻不同生长期稻田能量收支、CO2通量模拟研究[J].应用气象学报,2004(2):129-140.
[25]袁再健,沈彦俊,褚英敏,等.华北平原冬小麦生长期典型农田热、碳通量特征与过程模拟[J].环境科学,2010(1):41-48.
[26]陆佩玲,于强,罗毅.华北地区冬小麦田辐射过程与热量过程的基本特征[J].中国生态农业学报,2000(1):10-13.
[27]童应祥,田红.寿县小麦下垫面能量平衡闭合状况分析[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(18):384-387.
[28]万志红,李荣平,周广胜,等.锦州地区玉米农田生态系统水汽通量变化特征及其调控机制[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(6):155-159.
[29]WOOD S,SEBASTIAN K.Pilot analysis of global ecosystem agroecosystems technical report[R].Washington D C:Word Resources Institute and International Food Policy Research Institute,2001.
[30]胡隐樵,张强.论大气边界层的局地相似性[J].大气科学,1993(1):10-20.
[31]郭家选,李玉中,严昌荣,等.华北平原冬小麦农田蒸散量[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(12):2357-2362.
[32]SEGUIN B,ASSAD E,FRETEAUD J P,et al.Use of meteorological satellites for water balance monitoring in Sahelian regions[J].Int JRemote Sens,1989,10:1101-1107.
[33]S魪GUIN B,ITIER B.Using midday surface temperature to estimate daily evaporation from satellite thermal IR data[J].Int J Remote Sens,1983,4(12):371-383.
[34]林同保,王志强,宋雪雷,等.冬小麦农田二氧化碳通量及其影响因素分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1458-1463.
[35]李俊,于强,孙晓敏,等.华北平原农田生态系统碳交换及其环境调控机制[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(增刊2):210-223.
[36]田红,伍琼,童应祥.安徽省寿县农田能量平衡评价[J].应用气象学报,2011,22(3):356-361.
[37]PETER CURTIS S,PAUL HANSON J,PAUL BOLSTAD.Biometric and eddy covariance based estimates of annual carbon storage in five eastern North American deciduous forests[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,113:3-19.
[38]张永强,沈彦俊,刘昌明,等.华北平原典型农田水、热与CO2通量的测定[J].地理学报,2002,(3):335-344.
[39]WEBB E K,PEARMAN G I,LEUNING R.Correct ion of flux measurements for density effect heat and water vapor transfer[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1980,10(6):85-100.
[40]郭建侠,卞林根,戴永久.在华北玉米生育期观测的16 m高度CO2浓度及通量特征[J].大气科学,2007,31(4):695-707.
[41]XUHUI LEE.Long term observation of the atmospheric exchange of CO2with a temperate deciduous forest in southern Ontario,Canada[J].Geophysical Research,1999,10(4):15976-15984.
[42]LIU HE PING.An alter native approach f or CO2flux correction caused by heat and water vapor transfer[J].Boundary Layer Meteorology,2005,11(5):151-168.
[43]RAYMENT M B,JARVIS P G.Temporal and spatial variation of soil CO2flux in a Canadian boreal forest[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2000,3(2):35-45.
[44]秦钟.华北平原农田水热、CO2通量的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[45]DENNIS BALDOCCHI D,BRUCE HICKS B,AND TILDEN MEYERSP.Measuring biosphere at mosphere exchange biologically related gases with logical methods[J].Ecology,1988,65(5):1331-1340.
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