秸秆还田对玉米产量和土壤团聚体组成及有机碳分布的影响
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摘要
研究秸秆还田对土壤团聚体组成、有机碳分布及玉米产量的影响,为秸秆合理利用与土壤培肥提供科学依据。采用田间定位试验的方法,研究秸秆还田(SNPK)和生物炭还田(BNPK)处理对玉米产量,土壤团聚体组成及其有机碳分布的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,SNPK和BNPK处理4年后玉米产量分别提高6.95%和4.83%;SNPK和BNPK处理均提高了0~20 cm土层>2 mm团聚体含量,降低<0.25 mm团聚体含量,均降低21~40 cm土层中>2 mm团聚体含量;SNPK处理提高0~20 cm土层有机碳含量14.11%,BNPK处理对土壤有机碳提高不明显,二者均提高0~20 cm土层中0.25~1 mm和<0.25 mm粒级中的有机碳含量;SNPK处理明显提高0~20 cm土层>2 mm粒级团聚体对有机碳的贡献率,BNPK处理对各粒级团聚体对有机碳的贡献率影响不明显。长期秸秆还田和生物炭还田能够改变土壤团聚体的分布,有利于土壤结构的形成,提高土壤固碳能力,增加玉米产量。
A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of straw returning on soil aggregate compo-sition, organic carbon distribution and maize yield, in order to provide scientific basis for rational utilization of strawand improvement of soil fertility. The effects of straw returning on maize yield, soil aggregate composition and organ-ic carbon distribution under different treatments of straw returning(SNPK) and biochar returning(BNPK) were stud-ied. The results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization, the yield of maize increased by 6.95% and4.83% after straw returning and biochar returning to field for 4 years. Straw returning and biochar returning to fieldincreased the content of >2 mm aggregate in the 0-20 cm soil layer, and decreased the content of <0.25 mm aggre-gate, and both decreased the content of >2 mm aggregate in the 20-40 cm soil layer. Straw returning increased thecontent of the organic carbon by 14.11% in 0-20 cm soil layer, but biochar returning can not obviously increase soilorganic carbon, both improved the content of the organic carbon at 0.25-1 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates in 0-20 cmsoil layer. Straw returning obviously increased the contribution rate of organic carbon at >2 mm aggregate in the 0-20 cm soil layer, but biochar returning can not obviously increase the contribution rate of organic carbon at differentgraded aggregate. In general, long-term straw returning and biochar returning could change the distribution of soilaggregates, which was beneficial to the formation of soil structure, improve the ability of soil carbon sequestrationand increase the yield of maize.
A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of straw returning on soil aggregate compo-sition, organic carbon distribution and maize yield, in order to provide scientific basis for rational utilization of strawand improvement of soil fertility. The effects of straw returning on maize yield, soil aggregate composition and organ-ic carbon distribution under different treatments of straw returning(SNPK) and biochar returning(BNPK) were stud-ied. The results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization, the yield of maize increased by 6.95% and4.83% after straw returning and biochar returning to field for 4 years. Straw returning and biochar returning to fieldincreased the content of >2 mm aggregate in the 0-20 cm soil layer, and decreased the content of <0.25 mm aggre-gate, and both decreased the content of >2 mm aggregate in the 20-40 cm soil layer. Straw returning increased thecontent of the organic carbon by 14.11% in 0-20 cm soil layer, but biochar returning can not obviously increase soilorganic carbon, both improved the content of the organic carbon at 0.25-1 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates in 0-20 cmsoil layer. Straw returning obviously increased the contribution rate of organic carbon at >2 mm aggregate in the 0-20 cm soil layer, but biochar returning can not obviously increase the contribution rate of organic carbon at differentgraded aggregate. In general, long-term straw returning and biochar returning could change the distribution of soilaggregates, which was beneficial to the formation of soil structure, improve the ability of soil carbon sequestrationand increase the yield of maize.
引文
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[6]慕平,张恩和,王汉宁,等.不同年限全量玉米秸秆还田对玉米生长发育及土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(3):291-296.Mu P,Zhang E H,Wang H N,et al.Effects of continuous straw return to soil on maize growth and soil chemical and physical characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture 2012,20(3):291-296.(in Chinese)
[7]汪军,王德建,张刚,等.连续全量秸秆还田与氮肥用量对农田土壤养分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):40-44.Wang J,Wang D J,Zhang G,et al.Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rate with continuous full amount of straw incorporated on paddy soil nutrient[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(5):40-44.(in Chinese)
[8]赵鹏,陈阜.秸秆还田配施化学氮肥对冬小麦氮效率和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(6):1014-1018.Zhao P,Chen F.Effects of straw mulching plus nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen efficiency and grain yield in winter wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(6):1014-1018.(in Chinese)
[9]梁天锋,徐世宏,刘开强,等.耕作方式对还田稻草氮素释放及水稻氮素利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(10):3564-3570.Liang T F,Xu S H,Liu K Q,et al.Influence of tillage patterns on incorporated straw nitrogen release and nitrogen utilization of rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(10):3564-3570.(in Chinese)
[10]Eagle A J,Bird J A,Horwath W R,et al.Rice yield and nitrogen efficiency under alternative straw management practices[J].Agron J.,2000,92:1096-1103.
[11]向艳文,郑圣先,廖育林,等.长期施肥对红壤水稻土水稳性团聚体有机碳、氮分布与储量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(7):2415-2424.Xiang Y W,Zheng S X,Liao Y L,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on distribution and storage of organic carbon and nitrogen in water-stable aggregates of red paddy soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(7):2415-2424.(in Chinese)
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