松辽盆地西部斜坡油砂油地球化学及生物降解特征
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摘要
松辽盆地中央坳陷原油向盆地边缘运移过程中发生降解,在西部斜坡形成油砂矿藏,油砂油密度和黏度大、不流动。在运移方向上,套保—小太平山—西北沟—图牧吉地区的上白垩统姚家组油砂油随深度变浅饱和烃和芳香烃含量减少,非烃和沥青质含量增加,全油和饱和烃碳同位素变重,以上参数在小太平山单井样品中随深度变浅呈相反变化趋势。气相色谱质谱分析发现,油砂油降解级别为Wenger 2～8级,大多数样品饱和烃中正构烷烃和类异戊二烯烷烃缺失,藿烷部分降解,小太平山地区发现25-降藿烷;套保—图牧吉地区随深度逐渐变浅,生物降解程度逐渐增加,三环萜烷/五环三萜烷、C27重排甾烷/规则甾烷、二苯并噻吩/菲等生物标志化合物参数均呈规律性变化。小太平山地区,25-降藿烷和其对应藿烷的质量分数、二者的比值,均反映出生物降解程度随深度变深而增加,藿烷抗降解能力随碳数的增加而增加,升藿烷22R构型抗降解能力大于22S构型。松辽盆地西部斜坡油砂油降解的规律是:由深部厌氧环境向地表喜氧环境运移的过程中,油砂油降解程度逐渐增大,单井样品中随深度和含水饱和度的增加降解程度逐渐增大。
The degradation occurred to the crude oil in the migration process from central depression to the margin of Songliao Basin,thus forming the oil sand reservoir in the western slope,where the extracts of oil sand are non-liquid with high density and viscosity.In Taobao-Xiaotaipingshan-Xibeigou-Tumuji area along the migration direction,for the oil sand extracts in Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation,the content of saturated aromatic hydrocarbons decreases with the depth shallowing,the content of unsaturated asphaltene increases,the carbon isotopes of whole oil and saturated hydrocarbon become heavier.The parameters above present an opposite variation trend in the single-well samples of Xiaotaipingshan area.Based on GC-MS analysis,the degradation levels of oil sand extracts are Wenger 2-8,the n-alkanes and isoprenoid alkanes in saturated hydrocarbons of most samples are missing,hopanes are partially degraded,and 25-norhopanes are detected in Xiaotaipingshan area.With the decreasing of depth in Taobao-Tumuji area,the biodegradation levels increase gradually.Biomarkers parameters present regular variations,such as tricyclic terpane/pentacyclic triterpane,C27 diasteranes/regular sterane,dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene,and etc.In Xiaotaipingshan area,the mass fractions of 25-norhopanes and corresponding hopanes as well as their ratios present that the biodegradation levels increase with the increasing of depth,the degradation resistance of hopanes increase with the carbon number increasing,and 22 R homohopanes have greater biodegradation resistance than 22 S homohopanes.at the western slope of Songliao Basin,the degradation laws of oil sand extracts are as below:in the migration process from a deep anaerobic environment to a surface aerobic environment,the degradation level of oil sand extracts gradually increases with the increasing of depth and water saturation in the single-well sample.
The degradation occurred to the crude oil in the migration process from central depression to the margin of Songliao Basin,thus forming the oil sand reservoir in the western slope,where the extracts of oil sand are non-liquid with high density and viscosity.In Taobao-Xiaotaipingshan-Xibeigou-Tumuji area along the migration direction,for the oil sand extracts in Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation,the content of saturated aromatic hydrocarbons decreases with the depth shallowing,the content of unsaturated asphaltene increases,the carbon isotopes of whole oil and saturated hydrocarbon become heavier.The parameters above present an opposite variation trend in the single-well samples of Xiaotaipingshan area.Based on GC-MS analysis,the degradation levels of oil sand extracts are Wenger 2-8,the n-alkanes and isoprenoid alkanes in saturated hydrocarbons of most samples are missing,hopanes are partially degraded,and 25-norhopanes are detected in Xiaotaipingshan area.With the decreasing of depth in Taobao-Tumuji area,the biodegradation levels increase gradually.Biomarkers parameters present regular variations,such as tricyclic terpane/pentacyclic triterpane,C27 diasteranes/regular sterane,dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene,and etc.In Xiaotaipingshan area,the mass fractions of 25-norhopanes and corresponding hopanes as well as their ratios present that the biodegradation levels increase with the increasing of depth,the degradation resistance of hopanes increase with the carbon number increasing,and 22 R homohopanes have greater biodegradation resistance than 22 S homohopanes.at the western slope of Songliao Basin,the degradation laws of oil sand extracts are as below:in the migration process from a deep anaerobic environment to a surface aerobic environment,the degradation level of oil sand extracts gradually increases with the increasing of depth and water saturation in the single-well sample.
引文
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[3]操应长,葸克来,刘可禹,等.陆相湖盆致密砂岩油气储层储集性能表征与成储机制---以松辽盆地南部下白垩统泉头组四段为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(3):247-265.CAO Yingchang,XI Kelai,LIU Keyu,et al.Reservoir properties characterization and its genetic mechanism for tight sandstone oil and gas reservoir in lacustrine basin:the case of the fourth Member of Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the southern Songliao Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(3):247-265.
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[10]PETERS K E,WALTERS C C,MOLDOWAN J M.The biomarker guide,Volume 2:Biomarkers and isotopes in the petroleum exploration and earth history[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[11]王强,付晓文,徐志明,等.稳定碳同位素在油气地球化学中的应用及存在的问题[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(2):233-237.WANG Qiang,FU Xiaowen,XU Zhiming,et al.Development and application of stable carbon iostopes in natural gas and oil geochemistry[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(2):233-237.
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[13]国朋飞,何生,朱书奎,等.泌阳凹陷生物降解油“基线鼓包”成因及化合物组成[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):317-325.GUO Pengfei,HE Sheng,ZHU Shukui,et al.Genesis and composition of‘baseline hump’in biodegraded oil samples from Biyang depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):317-325.
[14]程熊,侯读杰,徐长贵,等.庙西凹陷严重生物降解原油序列中三环萜烷的异常分布成因初探[J].沉积学报,2017,35(1):193-202.CHENG Xiong,HOU Dujie,XU Changgui,et al.Abnormal distributions of tricyclic terpanes and its genesis in severely biodegraded oils from the Miaoxi depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2017,35(1):193-202.
[15]包建平,朱翠山.生物降解作用对辽河盆地原油甾萜烷成熟度参数的影响[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(增刊2):38-46.BAO Jianping,ZHU Cuishan.The effects of biodegradation on biomarker maturity indicators in sequentially biodegraded oils from Liaohe Basin,China[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2009,52(S1):42-50.
[16]PETERS K E,MOLDOWAN J M.Effects of source,thermal maturity,and biodegradation on the distribution and isomerization of homohopanes in petroleum[J].Organic Geochemistry,1991,17(1):47-61.
[17]BENNETT B,FUSTIC M,FARRIMOND P,et al.25-Norhopanes:formation during biodegradation of petroleum in the subsurface[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37(7):787-797.
[18]PETERS K E,MOLDOWAN J M,MCCAFFREY M A,et al.Selective biodegradation of extended hopanes to 25-norhopanes in petroleum reservoirs.Insights from molecular mechanics[J].Organic Geochemistry,1996,24(8/9):765-783.
[19]LI Ningxi,HUANG Haiping,JIANG Wenlong,et al.Biodegradation of 25-norhopanes in a Liaohe Basin(NE China)oil reservoir[J].Organic Geochemistry,2015,78:33-43.
[20]SEIFERT W K,MOLDOWAN J M,DEMAISON G J.Source correlation of biodegraded oils[J].Organic Geochemistry,1984,6:633-643.
[21]VOLKMAN J K,ALEXANDER R,KAGI R I,et al.Demethylated hopanes in crude oils and their applications in petroleum geochemistry[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1983,47(4):785-794.
[22]张渠,宋晓莹,张志荣.原油中甾烷的生物降解模拟实验研究[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(1):99-102.ZHANG Qu,SONG Xiaoying,ZHANG Zhirong.Study on the simulated biodegradatied sterane in crude oil[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2007,29(1):99-102.
[23]陈中红,MOLDOWAN J M,刘昭茜.东营凹陷生物降解稠油甾烷分子的选择蚀变[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(10):1108-1114.CHEN Zhonghong,MOLDOWAN J M,LIU Zhaoqian.Selective alteration of steranes in heavy biodegraded oils from Dongying sag[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(10):1108-1114.
[24]包建平,朱翠山.生物降解作用对辽河原油芳烃组成与芳烃成熟度参数的影响[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(增刊2):55-63.BAO Jianping,ZHU Cuishan.The effects of biodegradation on the compositions of aromatic hydrocarbons and maturity indicators in biodegraded oils from Liaohe Basin[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2009,52(S1):59-68.
[25]倪春华,包建平,顾忆.生物降解作用对芳烃生物标志物参数的影响研究[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(4):386-389.NI Chunhua,BAO Jianping,GU Yi.Study of biodegradation effect on aromatic biomarker parameters[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(4):386-389.
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