微尺度效应对聚合物微成型的影响
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摘要
聚合物微结构器件已广泛应用于众多的领域,其成型加工技术已成为当前研究的热点问题。由于受到微尺度效应的影响,聚合物微结构器件成型的稳定性有待提高。首先,总结概括聚合物材料在熔融状态流动过程中,剪切应力大于临界剪切应力和缠解与解缠解产生的壁面滑移、表面张力不同的影响因素、产生黏性耗散多种因素的3种微尺度效应机理对聚合物微尺度填充成型的影响理论;然后,阐述了聚合物在微成型过程中微结构填充和微结构脱模过程的微尺度效应对成型质量的影响。虽然微成型加工技术的成果卓越,但是仍然需要对理论、工艺进行不断补充和完善。微尺度效应及其对微成型过程的影响可以为聚合物微结构成型机理的探索提供一定的参考作用。
Polymer microstructure devices had been widely used in numerous areas,and the forming processing technology have become a hotspot problem for current research. Due to the influence of micro-scale effect,the stability of polymer microstructure device forming need to be improved. The influence factors of shear stress on the wall surface slippage,the difference of surface tension and the effect of the three microscale effect mechanisms on the microscale filling of the polymer with the shear stress during the flow of the polymer material in the molten state are summarized. Then the polymer microstructure in the process of micro forming filler stripping process and microstructure of microscale effect influence on the forming quality are expounded. Although excellent results have been achieved in the research of micro-forming technology,the theory and technology are still necessary to continue to supplement and improve. The microscale effects and the impact on micro-processes can provide a reference to the search for the mechanism of the microstructure of the polymer.
Polymer microstructure devices had been widely used in numerous areas,and the forming processing technology have become a hotspot problem for current research. Due to the influence of micro-scale effect,the stability of polymer microstructure device forming need to be improved. The influence factors of shear stress on the wall surface slippage,the difference of surface tension and the effect of the three microscale effect mechanisms on the microscale filling of the polymer with the shear stress during the flow of the polymer material in the molten state are summarized. Then the polymer microstructure in the process of micro forming filler stripping process and microstructure of microscale effect influence on the forming quality are expounded. Although excellent results have been achieved in the research of micro-forming technology,the theory and technology are still necessary to continue to supplement and improve. The microscale effects and the impact on micro-processes can provide a reference to the search for the mechanism of the microstructure of the polymer.
引文
[1] EL OTMANI R,KANDOUSSI K,KAMAL M R,et al. Morphology and flow effect of microinjection-molded plastic microgears[J]. Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2017,28(4):511-515.
[2] XU J,GUO B,SHAN D,et al. Development of a micro-forming system for micro-punching process of micro-hole arrays in brass foil[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012,212(11):2238-2246.
[3] RAZALI A R,QIN Y. A review on micro-manufacturing,microforming and their key issues[J]. Procedia Engineering,2013,53:665-672.
[4] GEIGER M,VOLLERTSEN F,KALS R. Fundamentals on the manufacturing of sheet metal microparts[J]. CIRP Annals,1996,45(1):277-282.
[5] BARONE J R,WANG S. Adhesive wall slip on organic surfaces[J].Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics,2000,91(1):31-36.
[6] DAMIANOU Y,PHILIPPOU M,KAOULLAS G,et al. Cessation of viscoplastic Poiseuille flow with wall slip[J]. Journal of NonNewtonian Fluid Mechanics,2014,203:24-37.
[7] JOSHI Y M,LELE A K,MASHELKAR R A. A unified wall slip model[J]. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics,2000,94(2/3):135-149.
[8] ANSARI M,INN Y W,SUKHADIA A M,et al. Wall slip of HDPEs:molecular weight and molecular weight distribution effects[J]. Journal of Rheology,2013,57(3):927-948.
[9] HATZIKIRIAKOS S G,DEALY J M. Wall slip of molten high density polyethylenes. II. Capillary rheometer studied[J]. Jouranl of Rheoloy,1992,36(4):703-714.
[10]孙秀伟.不同聚合物熔体壁面滑移的试验研究[J].中国塑料,2017,31(9):102-107.
[11] DENN M M. Extrusion instabilities and wall slip[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,2001,33:265-287.
[12] LIAO H,ZHENG L,HU Y,et al. Stick-slip Transition behaviour of two high density polyethylene melts on capillary rheometer[J].Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science,2014,3(1):26-32.
[13]徐斌,王敏杰,于同敏,等.微尺度效应对聚合物熔体壁面滑移影响的研究[J].材料工程,2008(10):16-20.
[14] LIN Y,FAN Y. Slippage and shear inhomogeneity in shear-induced crystallization of isotactic polypropylene on metal substrates[J].Rheologica Acta,2013,52(4):369-381.
[15] TANG H. Analysis on creeping channel flows of compressible fluids subject to wall slip[J]. Rheologica Acta,2012,51(5):421-439.
[16] LI Z,D'ERAMO L,MONTI F,et al. Slip length measurements usingμPIV and TIRF-based velocimetry[J]. Israel Journal of Chemistry,2014,54(11/12):1589-1601.
[17]傅志红,陈玉辉,肖雄辉.表面张力对微挤出流场的影响[J].中国塑料,2012,26(10):84-90.
[18] HIRT C W,NICHOLS B D. Volume of fluid(VOF)method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J]. Journal of Computational Physics,1981,39(1):201-225.
[19] SUSSMAN M,SMEREKA P,OSHER S. A level set approach for computing solutions to incompressible two-phase flow[J]. Journal of Computational Physics,1994,114(1):146-159.
[20] BRACKBILL J U,KOTHE D B,Zemach C. A continuum method for modeling surface tension[J]. Journal of Computational Physics,1992,100(2):335-354.
[21]于同敏,李又民,徐斌.微注塑成型充模流动中的表面张力[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2009,25(12):153-157.
[22] SHARMA K,GUPTA S. Viscous dissipation and thermal radiation effects in MHD flow of Jeffrey nanofluid through impermeable surface with heat generation/absorption[J]. Nonlinear Engineering,2017,6(2):153-166.
[23] SUN Z,JALURIA Y. Convective heat transfer in pressure-driven nitrogen slip flows in long microchannels:the effects of pressure work and viscous dissipation[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2012,55(13/14):3488-3497.
[24] YU T,WEI Y,XU B,et al. Research on viscous dissipation of melt in filling flow of micro injection molding[C]//Anon. Proceedings of the8th International Conference on Frontiers of Design and Manufacturing. Tianjin:Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers,2008:156-163.
[25] LOU Y,PEI J,HE P,et al. Development of a novel microviscosity model based on molecular chain length[J]. Microsystem Technologies,2015,21(5):1121-1130.
[26]徐斌,王敏杰,于同敏,等.微通道聚合熔体粘性耗散尺度效应[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2014,30(7):105-109.
[27]陈从平,王小云,黄杰光,等. 3D打印过程微流道尺度效应建模与数值模拟[J].系统仿真学报,2017,29(6):1359-1365+1373.
[28] JING D,PAN Y,WANG X. Joule heating,viscous dissipation and convective heat transfer of pressure-driven flow in a microchannel with surface charge-dependent slip[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2017,108,Part B:1305-1313.
[29] BARLETTA A. On the thermal instability induced by viscous dissipation[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2015,88:238-247.
[30] SADAF H,NADEEM S. Analysis of combined convective and viscous dissipation effects for peristaltic flow of rabinowitsch fluid model[J].Journal of Bionic Engineering,2017,14(1):182-190.
[31] SALAMA A,ABBAS I A,EL-AMIN M F,et al. Comparison study between the effects of different terms contributing to viscous dissipation in saturated porous media[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2013,64:195-203.
[32]方肇伦,方群.微流控芯片发展与展望[J].现代科学仪器,2001(4):3-6.
[33] WANG H,WANG J. Research on materials flow behaveior during vgroove micro hot embossing process[C]//Anon. World Sympposium on Mechanical and Control Engineering. KualaLumpur:Volkson Press,2017.
[34]肖建华,柳和生,黄兴元,等.气辅挤出胀大比与滑移段长度的关系[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2009,25(7):166-169.
[35]肖兵,邓小珍.管壁厚度对微挤出成型的影响分析[J].中国塑料,2015,29(12):77-81.
[36]赵丹阳,王敏杰,李凯,等.聚合物微挤出成型过程流动的均匀性[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2010,26(7):159-162.
[37]王洪,傅志红,YAO D.微轮廓挤出成型研究[J].工程塑料应用,2009,37(9):49-51.
[38] YOUNG W. Simulation of the filling process in molding components with micro channels[J]. Microsystem Technologies,2005,11(6):410-415.
[39]卢振,张凯锋.微注射成形制品质量影响因素分析[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(12):295-299.
[40] VERA J,BRULEZ A,CONTRAIRES E,et al. Factors influencing microinjection molding replication quality[J]. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering,2018,28(1):015004.
[41] PIRSKANEN J,IMMONEN J,KALIMA V,et al. Replication of submicrometre features using microsystems technology[J]. Plastics Rubber and Composites,2005,34(5/6):222-226.
[42]肖兵,邓小珍.壁面滑移对微管挤出成型的影响分析[J].塑料工业,2015,43(12):60-63.
[43] OKULOVA N,JOHANSEN P,CHRISTENSEN L,et al. Replication of micro-sized pillars in polypropylene using the extrusion coating process[J]. Microelectronic Engineering,2017,176:54-57.
[44] SEO Y,PARK K. Direct patterning of micro-features on a polymer substrate using ultrasonic vibration[J]. Microsystem Technologies,2012,18(12):2053-2061.
[45] HUANG Z,LUCAS M,ADAMS M J. Influence of ultrasonics on upsetting of a model paste[J]. Ultrasonics,2002,40(1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8):43-48.
[46] SORGATO M,BABENKO M,LUCCHETTA G,et al. Investigation of the influence of vacuum venting on mould surface temperature in micro injection moulding[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2017,88(1/2/3/4):547-555.
[47]罗怡,马玉辉,闫旭,等.能量控制模式下聚合物超声波微压印成形[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2015,47(3):103-106.
[48] EL OTMANI R,KANDOUSSI K,KAMAL M R,et al. Morphology and flow effect of microinjection-molded plastic microgears[J]. Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2017,28(4):511-515.
[49] XU J,GUO B,SHAN D,et al. Development of a micro-forming system for micro-punching process of micro-hole arrays in brass foil[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012,212(11):2238-2246.
[50] RAZALI A R,QIN Y. A review on micro-manufacturing,microforming and their key issues[J]. Procedia Engineering,2013,53:665-672.
[51]林伟青.聚合物微流体芯片微压印脱模温度研究[C]//福建省机械工程学会.福建省科协第五届学术年会数字化制造及其它先进制造技术专题学术年会论文集.厦门:福建省机械工程学会,2005.
[52]马立俊,王清,张睿,等.纳米压印技术脱模过程机理分析[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,35(3):78-84.
[2] XU J,GUO B,SHAN D,et al. Development of a micro-forming system for micro-punching process of micro-hole arrays in brass foil[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012,212(11):2238-2246.
[3] RAZALI A R,QIN Y. A review on micro-manufacturing,microforming and their key issues[J]. Procedia Engineering,2013,53:665-672.
[4] GEIGER M,VOLLERTSEN F,KALS R. Fundamentals on the manufacturing of sheet metal microparts[J]. CIRP Annals,1996,45(1):277-282.
[5] BARONE J R,WANG S. Adhesive wall slip on organic surfaces[J].Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics,2000,91(1):31-36.
[6] DAMIANOU Y,PHILIPPOU M,KAOULLAS G,et al. Cessation of viscoplastic Poiseuille flow with wall slip[J]. Journal of NonNewtonian Fluid Mechanics,2014,203:24-37.
[7] JOSHI Y M,LELE A K,MASHELKAR R A. A unified wall slip model[J]. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics,2000,94(2/3):135-149.
[8] ANSARI M,INN Y W,SUKHADIA A M,et al. Wall slip of HDPEs:molecular weight and molecular weight distribution effects[J]. Journal of Rheology,2013,57(3):927-948.
[9] HATZIKIRIAKOS S G,DEALY J M. Wall slip of molten high density polyethylenes. II. Capillary rheometer studied[J]. Jouranl of Rheoloy,1992,36(4):703-714.
[10]孙秀伟.不同聚合物熔体壁面滑移的试验研究[J].中国塑料,2017,31(9):102-107.
[11] DENN M M. Extrusion instabilities and wall slip[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,2001,33:265-287.
[12] LIAO H,ZHENG L,HU Y,et al. Stick-slip Transition behaviour of two high density polyethylene melts on capillary rheometer[J].Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science,2014,3(1):26-32.
[13]徐斌,王敏杰,于同敏,等.微尺度效应对聚合物熔体壁面滑移影响的研究[J].材料工程,2008(10):16-20.
[14] LIN Y,FAN Y. Slippage and shear inhomogeneity in shear-induced crystallization of isotactic polypropylene on metal substrates[J].Rheologica Acta,2013,52(4):369-381.
[15] TANG H. Analysis on creeping channel flows of compressible fluids subject to wall slip[J]. Rheologica Acta,2012,51(5):421-439.
[16] LI Z,D'ERAMO L,MONTI F,et al. Slip length measurements usingμPIV and TIRF-based velocimetry[J]. Israel Journal of Chemistry,2014,54(11/12):1589-1601.
[17]傅志红,陈玉辉,肖雄辉.表面张力对微挤出流场的影响[J].中国塑料,2012,26(10):84-90.
[18] HIRT C W,NICHOLS B D. Volume of fluid(VOF)method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J]. Journal of Computational Physics,1981,39(1):201-225.
[19] SUSSMAN M,SMEREKA P,OSHER S. A level set approach for computing solutions to incompressible two-phase flow[J]. Journal of Computational Physics,1994,114(1):146-159.
[20] BRACKBILL J U,KOTHE D B,Zemach C. A continuum method for modeling surface tension[J]. Journal of Computational Physics,1992,100(2):335-354.
[21]于同敏,李又民,徐斌.微注塑成型充模流动中的表面张力[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2009,25(12):153-157.
[22] SHARMA K,GUPTA S. Viscous dissipation and thermal radiation effects in MHD flow of Jeffrey nanofluid through impermeable surface with heat generation/absorption[J]. Nonlinear Engineering,2017,6(2):153-166.
[23] SUN Z,JALURIA Y. Convective heat transfer in pressure-driven nitrogen slip flows in long microchannels:the effects of pressure work and viscous dissipation[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2012,55(13/14):3488-3497.
[24] YU T,WEI Y,XU B,et al. Research on viscous dissipation of melt in filling flow of micro injection molding[C]//Anon. Proceedings of the8th International Conference on Frontiers of Design and Manufacturing. Tianjin:Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers,2008:156-163.
[25] LOU Y,PEI J,HE P,et al. Development of a novel microviscosity model based on molecular chain length[J]. Microsystem Technologies,2015,21(5):1121-1130.
[26]徐斌,王敏杰,于同敏,等.微通道聚合熔体粘性耗散尺度效应[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2014,30(7):105-109.
[27]陈从平,王小云,黄杰光,等. 3D打印过程微流道尺度效应建模与数值模拟[J].系统仿真学报,2017,29(6):1359-1365+1373.
[28] JING D,PAN Y,WANG X. Joule heating,viscous dissipation and convective heat transfer of pressure-driven flow in a microchannel with surface charge-dependent slip[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2017,108,Part B:1305-1313.
[29] BARLETTA A. On the thermal instability induced by viscous dissipation[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2015,88:238-247.
[30] SADAF H,NADEEM S. Analysis of combined convective and viscous dissipation effects for peristaltic flow of rabinowitsch fluid model[J].Journal of Bionic Engineering,2017,14(1):182-190.
[31] SALAMA A,ABBAS I A,EL-AMIN M F,et al. Comparison study between the effects of different terms contributing to viscous dissipation in saturated porous media[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2013,64:195-203.
[32]方肇伦,方群.微流控芯片发展与展望[J].现代科学仪器,2001(4):3-6.
[33] WANG H,WANG J. Research on materials flow behaveior during vgroove micro hot embossing process[C]//Anon. World Sympposium on Mechanical and Control Engineering. KualaLumpur:Volkson Press,2017.
[34]肖建华,柳和生,黄兴元,等.气辅挤出胀大比与滑移段长度的关系[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2009,25(7):166-169.
[35]肖兵,邓小珍.管壁厚度对微挤出成型的影响分析[J].中国塑料,2015,29(12):77-81.
[36]赵丹阳,王敏杰,李凯,等.聚合物微挤出成型过程流动的均匀性[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2010,26(7):159-162.
[37]王洪,傅志红,YAO D.微轮廓挤出成型研究[J].工程塑料应用,2009,37(9):49-51.
[38] YOUNG W. Simulation of the filling process in molding components with micro channels[J]. Microsystem Technologies,2005,11(6):410-415.
[39]卢振,张凯锋.微注射成形制品质量影响因素分析[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(12):295-299.
[40] VERA J,BRULEZ A,CONTRAIRES E,et al. Factors influencing microinjection molding replication quality[J]. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering,2018,28(1):015004.
[41] PIRSKANEN J,IMMONEN J,KALIMA V,et al. Replication of submicrometre features using microsystems technology[J]. Plastics Rubber and Composites,2005,34(5/6):222-226.
[42]肖兵,邓小珍.壁面滑移对微管挤出成型的影响分析[J].塑料工业,2015,43(12):60-63.
[43] OKULOVA N,JOHANSEN P,CHRISTENSEN L,et al. Replication of micro-sized pillars in polypropylene using the extrusion coating process[J]. Microelectronic Engineering,2017,176:54-57.
[44] SEO Y,PARK K. Direct patterning of micro-features on a polymer substrate using ultrasonic vibration[J]. Microsystem Technologies,2012,18(12):2053-2061.
[45] HUANG Z,LUCAS M,ADAMS M J. Influence of ultrasonics on upsetting of a model paste[J]. Ultrasonics,2002,40(1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8):43-48.
[46] SORGATO M,BABENKO M,LUCCHETTA G,et al. Investigation of the influence of vacuum venting on mould surface temperature in micro injection moulding[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2017,88(1/2/3/4):547-555.
[47]罗怡,马玉辉,闫旭,等.能量控制模式下聚合物超声波微压印成形[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2015,47(3):103-106.
[48] EL OTMANI R,KANDOUSSI K,KAMAL M R,et al. Morphology and flow effect of microinjection-molded plastic microgears[J]. Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2017,28(4):511-515.
[49] XU J,GUO B,SHAN D,et al. Development of a micro-forming system for micro-punching process of micro-hole arrays in brass foil[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012,212(11):2238-2246.
[50] RAZALI A R,QIN Y. A review on micro-manufacturing,microforming and their key issues[J]. Procedia Engineering,2013,53:665-672.
[51]林伟青.聚合物微流体芯片微压印脱模温度研究[C]//福建省机械工程学会.福建省科协第五届学术年会数字化制造及其它先进制造技术专题学术年会论文集.厦门:福建省机械工程学会,2005.
[52]马立俊,王清,张睿,等.纳米压印技术脱模过程机理分析[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,35(3):78-84.