适宜溶气量改善生物柴油/柴油混合燃油雾化质量
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摘要
为探究溶气对燃油雾化性能的影响,该文对生物柴油、0号柴油、混合燃油及经溶气处理的混合燃油的雾化特性进行了试验研究,采用多普勒粒子分析仪(phase doppler particle analyzer,PDPA)测量系统对不同比例的混合燃油在喷孔直径为0.26和0.30 mm下进行喷雾试验。对喷雾中心轴的轴向速度与粒径分布进行测量和分析,并进一步以混合燃油为基础,在其中分别溶入不同体积的CO_2,溶气所占体积比分别为5.74%、12.73%和26.42%,分别使用2种孔径的喷嘴对溶气燃油进行雾化性能的测量。结果表明,混合燃油的雾化效果与生物柴油相比得到明显改善,与生物柴油相比柴油的索特平均直径(sauter mean diameter,SMD)在轴向长度70 mm处下降了25μm,且喷孔直径越小雾化效果越好,当喷孔直径由0.30 mm降低到0.26 mm时,B0与B100的SMD分别降低了12.94%,19.57%。低溶气量的燃油其索特平均直径大于未溶气燃油,且随着喷孔直径的减小对雾化的抑制作用更加明显,当溶气所占体积比为5.74%和12.73%时随着喷孔直径从0.30 mm降低到0.26 mm其SMD分别增加了8.43%和6.82%。溶气量较高时其雾化效果得到改善,且随着喷孔直径的减小,改善效果得到增强,溶气所占体积比为26.42%时随孔径的减小其SMD降低了26.5%。本研究表明适当在生物柴油中溶气可以改善其雾化质量,研究结果可为生物柴油更好地应用于车辆内燃机领域提供参考。
In order to improve the atomization quality of biodiesel and diesel-biodiesel blends containing dissolved gas, the Phase doppler particle analyzer(PDPA, a device that can accurately measures the diameter and velocity of droplets in a spray field)was used to analyse the atomization quality of diesel-biodiesel with and without dissolved gas in this paper. The PDPA measurement system was used to test mixed fuel with different volume ratios(B0、B30、B50、B70、B100) at nozzle diameters of 0.24 and 0.30 mm. The axial velocity and particle size distribution were measured and analyzed. Further, based on the mixed fuel, different volumes of CO_2 were dissolved therein, and the percentage of dissolved gas in volume was 5.74%, 12.73% and 26.42%, respectively, and the atomization quality of the fuel containing CO_2 was measured at nozzle diameters of 0.24 and 0.30 mm. The results showed that at a nozzle diameter of 0.24 mm and 0.30 mm, the sauter mean diameter(SMD) of the biodiesel was greater than that of diesel, the average diameter of diesel fuel was 25 μm lower than that of biodiesel at the axial length of 70 mm, the atomization quality of the mixed fuel was obviously improved compared with that of biodiesel, with the decrease of nozzle diameter, the atomization quality was greatly improved. When the volume content of CO_2 was 26.42%(C26.42), the droplet size at the axial length of 70 mm was 13.1 μm smaller than that of B50. The droplet size of the B50 with dissolved gas volume ratio of 5.74%(C5.74) and 12.73%(C12.73) was 5.3 and 12.2 μm higher than that of B50 at the axial length of 70 mm, respectively. When the nozzle diameter was reduced from 0.30 mm to 0.26 mm, C5.74 and C12.73 had a greater inhibitory effect on atomization and the SMD increased by 8.43% and 6.82%, respectively. The atomization quality of C26.42 was enhanced as the nozzle diameter reduced and the SMD was decreased by 26.5%. The fuel that contains a small amount of CO_2 had a larger SMD than that of the fuel without dissolved gas, and the inhibition effect on atomization was more obvious with the decrease of nozzle diameter. When the amount of dissolved gas was high, the atomization quality was promoted, and with the decrease of nozzle diameter, the promotion effect was enhanced. This study showed that dissolved gas can improve the atomization quality of biodiesel under certain conditions, dissolved gas in mixed fuel can overcome the disadvantages of high viscosity and density of biodiesel, improve the atomization quality of biodiesel and improve its combustion effect, biodiesel can be better used in internal combustion engines.
In order to improve the atomization quality of biodiesel and diesel-biodiesel blends containing dissolved gas, the Phase doppler particle analyzer(PDPA, a device that can accurately measures the diameter and velocity of droplets in a spray field)was used to analyse the atomization quality of diesel-biodiesel with and without dissolved gas in this paper. The PDPA measurement system was used to test mixed fuel with different volume ratios(B0、B30、B50、B70、B100) at nozzle diameters of 0.24 and 0.30 mm. The axial velocity and particle size distribution were measured and analyzed. Further, based on the mixed fuel, different volumes of CO_2 were dissolved therein, and the percentage of dissolved gas in volume was 5.74%, 12.73% and 26.42%, respectively, and the atomization quality of the fuel containing CO_2 was measured at nozzle diameters of 0.24 and 0.30 mm. The results showed that at a nozzle diameter of 0.24 mm and 0.30 mm, the sauter mean diameter(SMD) of the biodiesel was greater than that of diesel, the average diameter of diesel fuel was 25 μm lower than that of biodiesel at the axial length of 70 mm, the atomization quality of the mixed fuel was obviously improved compared with that of biodiesel, with the decrease of nozzle diameter, the atomization quality was greatly improved. When the volume content of CO_2 was 26.42%(C26.42), the droplet size at the axial length of 70 mm was 13.1 μm smaller than that of B50. The droplet size of the B50 with dissolved gas volume ratio of 5.74%(C5.74) and 12.73%(C12.73) was 5.3 and 12.2 μm higher than that of B50 at the axial length of 70 mm, respectively. When the nozzle diameter was reduced from 0.30 mm to 0.26 mm, C5.74 and C12.73 had a greater inhibitory effect on atomization and the SMD increased by 8.43% and 6.82%, respectively. The atomization quality of C26.42 was enhanced as the nozzle diameter reduced and the SMD was decreased by 26.5%. The fuel that contains a small amount of CO_2 had a larger SMD than that of the fuel without dissolved gas, and the inhibition effect on atomization was more obvious with the decrease of nozzle diameter. When the amount of dissolved gas was high, the atomization quality was promoted, and with the decrease of nozzle diameter, the promotion effect was enhanced. This study showed that dissolved gas can improve the atomization quality of biodiesel under certain conditions, dissolved gas in mixed fuel can overcome the disadvantages of high viscosity and density of biodiesel, improve the atomization quality of biodiesel and improve its combustion effect, biodiesel can be better used in internal combustion engines.
引文
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[2]吴伟光,仇焕广,徐志刚.生物柴油发展现状、影响展望[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(3):298-302.Wu Weiguang,Qiu Huanguang,Xu Zhigang.Biodiesel development:current status,potential impacts and perspectives[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,25(3):298-302.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[9]梅德清,罗演强,沈学峰,等.脂肪酸甲酯生物柴油改善低硫柴油的润滑性能[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(9):193-197.Mei Deqing,Luo Yanqiang,Shen Xuefeng,et al.Lubrication properties of fatty acid methyl esters as low-sulfur diesel enhancers[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(9):193-197.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Cheikh K,Sary A,Khaled L,et al.Experimental assessment of performance and emissions maps for biodiesel fueled compression ignition engine[J].Applied Energy,2016,161(5-6):320-329.
[11]李立琳,王忠,许广举,等.柴油机燃用柴油与生物柴油的雾化特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(增刊1):299-303.Li Lilin,Wang Zhong,Xu Guangju,et al.Analysis on spray characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with diesel and Biodiesel[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(Supp.1):299-303.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Lahane S,Subramanian K A.Effect of different percentages of biodiesel-diesel blends on injection,spray,combustion,performance,and emission characteristics of a diesel engine[J].Fuel,2015,139:537-545.
[13]Raghu P,Nallusamy N.Spray characteristics of biodiesel fuel in constant volume chamber using multi-response optimization technique[J].Journal of Thermal Science,2016,25(6):581-588.
[14]Agarwal A K,Som S,Shukla P C,et al.In-nozzle flow and spray characteristics for mineral diesel,karanja,and Jatropha biodiesels.[J].Applied Energy,2015,156:138-148.
[15]Boggavarapu P,Ravikrishna R V.A review on atomization and sprays of biofuels for IC engine applications[J].International Journal of Spray&Combustion Dynamics,2013,5(2):85-122.
[16]Agarwal A K,Dhar A,Gupta J G,et al.Effect of fuel injection pressure and injection timing of Karanja biodiesel blends on fuel spray,engine performance,emissions and combustion characteristics[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2015,91:302-314.
[17]Guo H,Ma X,Li Y,et al.Effect of flash boiling on microscopic and macroscopic spray characteristics in optical GDI engine[J].Fuel,2017,190:79-89.
[18]Huang Zhen,Shao Yiming,Seiichi Shiga,et al.Controlling mechanism and resulting spray characteristics of injection of fuel containing dissolved Gas[J].Journal of Thermal Science,1994,3(3):191-199.
[19]肖进,乔信起,黄震,等.燃油溶气喷雾速度和粒度的PDA测试研究[J].科学通报,2004,49(7):618-622.
[20]邵毅明,黄震,志贺圣一,等.柴油溶气对稳定喷射雾化影响的研究[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2005,24(2):124-127.Shao Yiming,Huang Zhen,Seiichi Shiga,et al.Study on the effect of diesel fuel containing dissolved gas on the steady spray and atomization[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science,2005,24(2):124-127.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Wang Z,Jiang C,Xu H,et al.Macroscopic and microscopic characterization of diesel spray under room temperature and low temperature with split injection[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2016,142:71-85.
[22]Guo HengJie,Li Yanfei,Xu Hongming,et al.Spray characteristics of swirl-type GDI injector using 3D-PDPA[J].Transactions of Csice,2015,33(4):335-341.
[23]Jia T M,Li G X,Yu Y S,et al.Propagation characteristics of induced shock waves generated by diesel spray under ultra-high injection pressure[J].Fuel,2016,180:521-528.
[24]王鹏里.喷嘴喷孔结构参数对甲醇燃料雾化特性的影响研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2018.Wang Pengli.Study on the Influence of Nozzel Structure Parameters on the Atomization Characteristics of Methanol Fuel[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2018.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]Zhuang Zhuang,Kuang Jianping,Yong Xiaojing,et al.Effect of liquid-phase pore diameters on atomization performance of spraying nozzles in MTP reactor[J].Natural Gas Chemical Industry,2016,41(6):78-83.
[26]Deng W,Zhang X,Wang H,et al.Dispersion characteristics of biodiesel spray droplets in top-blown injection smelting process[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification,2018,126:168-177.
[27]王茉.液滴速降压蒸发过程中的气泡生长研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.Wang Mo.Research on Bubble Growth in the Process of Droplet Evaporation during Depressurization.[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]Huang Z,Xiao J,Qiao X,et al.Spray characteristics and controlling mechanism of fuel containing CO2[J].Frontiers in Energy,2012,6(1):80-88.
[2]吴伟光,仇焕广,徐志刚.生物柴油发展现状、影响展望[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(3):298-302.Wu Weiguang,Qiu Huanguang,Xu Zhigang.Biodiesel development:current status,potential impacts and perspectives[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,25(3):298-302.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]尹芳,刘磊,江东,等.麻疯树生物柴油发展适宜性、能量生产潜力与环境影响评估[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(14):201-208.Yin Fang,Liu Lei,Jiang Dong,et al.Assessments of suitability,energy capacity and environment impact on biodiesel from Jatropha curcas[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(14):201-208.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]陈金思,汪向洋,胡恩柱,等.棉籽油制备生物柴油的生物降解性能[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):301-304.Chen Jinsi,Wang Xiangyang,Hu Enzhu,et al.Evaluation of biodegradability of biodiesel prepared from cotton seed oil[J]Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(1):301-304.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Raja N N.Analysis of performance&emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with differenttypes of biodiesel:Areview study[J].International Journal of Engineering Sciences&Research Technology,2014,3(5):389-393.
[6]Hyunkyu S,Changsik L.A review on atomization and exhaust emissions of a biodiesel-fueled compression ignition engine.[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,58:1601-1620.
[7]Kalam M A,Masjuki H H.Biodiesel from palmoil-an analysis of its properties and potential[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,2002,23(6):471-479.
[8]He B Q.Advances in emission characteristics of diesel engines using different biodiesel fuels[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,60:570-586.
[9]梅德清,罗演强,沈学峰,等.脂肪酸甲酯生物柴油改善低硫柴油的润滑性能[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(9):193-197.Mei Deqing,Luo Yanqiang,Shen Xuefeng,et al.Lubrication properties of fatty acid methyl esters as low-sulfur diesel enhancers[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(9):193-197.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Cheikh K,Sary A,Khaled L,et al.Experimental assessment of performance and emissions maps for biodiesel fueled compression ignition engine[J].Applied Energy,2016,161(5-6):320-329.
[11]李立琳,王忠,许广举,等.柴油机燃用柴油与生物柴油的雾化特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(增刊1):299-303.Li Lilin,Wang Zhong,Xu Guangju,et al.Analysis on spray characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with diesel and Biodiesel[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(Supp.1):299-303.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Lahane S,Subramanian K A.Effect of different percentages of biodiesel-diesel blends on injection,spray,combustion,performance,and emission characteristics of a diesel engine[J].Fuel,2015,139:537-545.
[13]Raghu P,Nallusamy N.Spray characteristics of biodiesel fuel in constant volume chamber using multi-response optimization technique[J].Journal of Thermal Science,2016,25(6):581-588.
[14]Agarwal A K,Som S,Shukla P C,et al.In-nozzle flow and spray characteristics for mineral diesel,karanja,and Jatropha biodiesels.[J].Applied Energy,2015,156:138-148.
[15]Boggavarapu P,Ravikrishna R V.A review on atomization and sprays of biofuels for IC engine applications[J].International Journal of Spray&Combustion Dynamics,2013,5(2):85-122.
[16]Agarwal A K,Dhar A,Gupta J G,et al.Effect of fuel injection pressure and injection timing of Karanja biodiesel blends on fuel spray,engine performance,emissions and combustion characteristics[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2015,91:302-314.
[17]Guo H,Ma X,Li Y,et al.Effect of flash boiling on microscopic and macroscopic spray characteristics in optical GDI engine[J].Fuel,2017,190:79-89.
[18]Huang Zhen,Shao Yiming,Seiichi Shiga,et al.Controlling mechanism and resulting spray characteristics of injection of fuel containing dissolved Gas[J].Journal of Thermal Science,1994,3(3):191-199.
[19]肖进,乔信起,黄震,等.燃油溶气喷雾速度和粒度的PDA测试研究[J].科学通报,2004,49(7):618-622.
[20]邵毅明,黄震,志贺圣一,等.柴油溶气对稳定喷射雾化影响的研究[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2005,24(2):124-127.Shao Yiming,Huang Zhen,Seiichi Shiga,et al.Study on the effect of diesel fuel containing dissolved gas on the steady spray and atomization[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science,2005,24(2):124-127.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Wang Z,Jiang C,Xu H,et al.Macroscopic and microscopic characterization of diesel spray under room temperature and low temperature with split injection[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2016,142:71-85.
[22]Guo HengJie,Li Yanfei,Xu Hongming,et al.Spray characteristics of swirl-type GDI injector using 3D-PDPA[J].Transactions of Csice,2015,33(4):335-341.
[23]Jia T M,Li G X,Yu Y S,et al.Propagation characteristics of induced shock waves generated by diesel spray under ultra-high injection pressure[J].Fuel,2016,180:521-528.
[24]王鹏里.喷嘴喷孔结构参数对甲醇燃料雾化特性的影响研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2018.Wang Pengli.Study on the Influence of Nozzel Structure Parameters on the Atomization Characteristics of Methanol Fuel[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2018.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]Zhuang Zhuang,Kuang Jianping,Yong Xiaojing,et al.Effect of liquid-phase pore diameters on atomization performance of spraying nozzles in MTP reactor[J].Natural Gas Chemical Industry,2016,41(6):78-83.
[26]Deng W,Zhang X,Wang H,et al.Dispersion characteristics of biodiesel spray droplets in top-blown injection smelting process[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification,2018,126:168-177.
[27]王茉.液滴速降压蒸发过程中的气泡生长研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.Wang Mo.Research on Bubble Growth in the Process of Droplet Evaporation during Depressurization.[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]Huang Z,Xiao J,Qiao X,et al.Spray characteristics and controlling mechanism of fuel containing CO2[J].Frontiers in Energy,2012,6(1):80-88.