海洋环境中甲烷的生物转化及其对气候变化的影响
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摘要
甲烷是潜在的高效清洁能源,同时也是重要的温室气体,对全球气候的变化和调节有重要影响.海底沉积物中蕴藏着大量的甲烷,主要包括有机质热裂解与生物成因气两种来源,一般以水合物的形式较为稳定地储存在深部沉积物中.海洋每年向大气中释放的甲烷仅占大气中甲烷总量的1～5%,海底大部分的甲烷被海洋中的甲烷代谢微生物消耗.海洋中甲烷的生物转化(微生物代谢)影响并控制了海洋释放到大气中的甲烷通量.在全球气候逐渐变暖的背景下,解析海洋环境中甲烷的生物转化机制有助于理解和评估海洋-大气甲烷通量对全球气候变化的影响.文章综述了海洋环境,尤其是海底沉积物中甲烷生物转化机制研究的最新研究进展,主要介绍已知甲烷代谢微生物的种类、分布和甲烷产生和氧化的代谢机制;探讨海洋中甲烷的生物转化对全球气候变化的影响,并且提出了甲烷代谢机制的未来研究方向和对其他科学研究的意义.
引文
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