旱后复水对冬小麦旗叶生理特性及籽粒产量的影响
|
摘要
【目的】探索冬小麦旗叶生理特性等指标对不同水分调控的响应过程。【方法】通过防雨棚测坑试验,研究了不同水分处理(抽穗扬花期设置充分供水(CK)、轻度和重度水分胁迫,灌浆成熟期恢复正常供水)对冬小麦旗叶脯氨酸质量分数、可溶性糖质量分数、叶绿素质量分数和丙二醛质量分数及籽粒产量等指标的影响。【结果】抽穗扬花期轻度亏水处理(T1)在复水后第1天旗叶的脯氨酸质量分数高于CK、叶绿素质量分数低于CK但两者均未达到显著水平,复水后第11天可溶性糖质量分数低于CK且差异显著,丙二醛质量分数高于CK但差异不显著,与CK相比,籽粒产量降低了4.3%,且差异不显著;抽穗扬花期重度亏水的处理(T2处理)在复水后第16天的旗叶脯氨酸质量分数和可溶性糖质量分数均低于CK水平,且差异不显著,与CK相比,穗粒数和籽粒产量分别降低了10.6%和13.6%,差异显著(p<0.05),千粒质量和有效穗数与CK的差异均不显著。【结论】在抽穗扬花期轻度干旱胁迫灌浆期恢复正常供水,可在保证产量不明显降低的前提下有效提高灌溉水利用效率;抽穗扬花期重度干旱胁迫,会对冬小麦叶片主要生理指标产生较大负面影响,进而影响冬小麦籽粒产量的形成。
【Objective】Letting a plant suffer water stress at certain stages does not necessarily lead to a fatal damage to yield and, in contrast, is a way to improve water use efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an experimental study on the response of physiological traits and yield of winter wheat to rehydration after it suffered different degree of water deficiency at heading and flowering stage.【Method】The experiments were conducted in lysimeters with rain-shelf and the water stress was introduced during the heading and flowing stage via moderate(T1) or severe(T2) deficit irrigation, followed by a sufficient irrigation at the grain-filling stage. The control(CK) was sufficient irrigation during the heading and flowing stage with other treatments kept the same. In each treatment, we measured the physiological traits including proline mass fraction, soluble sugar mass fraction, chlorophyll mass fraction and MDA mass fraction in the flag leaf.【Result】Compared to CK, T1 increased the proline mass fraction but reduced the chlorophyll mass fraction first day after rehydration, although neither was significant. Eleven days after the rehydration, the soluble sugar mass fraction under T1 was significantly lower than that under CK, as opposed to MDA mass fraction that was insignificantly higher under water deficit irrigation than under CK. Compared to CK, water deficiency reduced the grain yield insignificantly by4.3%. Under T2, both proline mass fraction and soluble sugar mass fraction 16 days after the rehydration were insignificantly lower than that under CK. Compared with CK, T2 reduced the grains per spike and the grain yield by 10.6% and 13.6%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the difference in grain number and yield per spike was significant(p<0.05) while the difference in the 1000-grain weight was not significant between CK and the treatments.【Conclusion】A moderate water stress at the heading and flowering stage coupled with a sufficient water supply in the grain filling period can effectively improve water efficiency without scarifying yield, while a severe water stress at the heading and flowering stage could cause a permanent damage to the plant thereby yield loss even followed by sufficient irrigation.
【Objective】Letting a plant suffer water stress at certain stages does not necessarily lead to a fatal damage to yield and, in contrast, is a way to improve water use efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an experimental study on the response of physiological traits and yield of winter wheat to rehydration after it suffered different degree of water deficiency at heading and flowering stage.【Method】The experiments were conducted in lysimeters with rain-shelf and the water stress was introduced during the heading and flowing stage via moderate(T1) or severe(T2) deficit irrigation, followed by a sufficient irrigation at the grain-filling stage. The control(CK) was sufficient irrigation during the heading and flowing stage with other treatments kept the same. In each treatment, we measured the physiological traits including proline mass fraction, soluble sugar mass fraction, chlorophyll mass fraction and MDA mass fraction in the flag leaf.【Result】Compared to CK, T1 increased the proline mass fraction but reduced the chlorophyll mass fraction first day after rehydration, although neither was significant. Eleven days after the rehydration, the soluble sugar mass fraction under T1 was significantly lower than that under CK, as opposed to MDA mass fraction that was insignificantly higher under water deficit irrigation than under CK. Compared to CK, water deficiency reduced the grain yield insignificantly by4.3%. Under T2, both proline mass fraction and soluble sugar mass fraction 16 days after the rehydration were insignificantly lower than that under CK. Compared with CK, T2 reduced the grains per spike and the grain yield by 10.6% and 13.6%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the difference in grain number and yield per spike was significant(p<0.05) while the difference in the 1000-grain weight was not significant between CK and the treatments.【Conclusion】A moderate water stress at the heading and flowering stage coupled with a sufficient water supply in the grain filling period can effectively improve water efficiency without scarifying yield, while a severe water stress at the heading and flowering stage could cause a permanent damage to the plant thereby yield loss even followed by sufficient irrigation.
引文
[1]陈晓远,罗远培.不同生育期复水对受旱冬小麦的补偿效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(1):35-37.
[2]卜令铎,张仁和,韩苗苗,等.干旱复水激发玉米叶片补偿效应的生理机制[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(2):88-92.
[3]郝树荣,郭相平,张展羽.作物干旱胁迫及复水的补偿效应研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2009,29(1):81-84.
[4]闫永銮,郝卫平,梅旭荣,等.拔节期水分胁迫-复水对冬小麦干物质积累和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(2):190-195,202.
[5]赵长星,程曦,王月福,等.不同生育时期干旱胁迫对花生生长发育和复水后补偿效应的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2012,34(6):627-632.
[6]姚宁,宋利兵,刘健,等.不同生长阶段水分胁迫对旱区冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(12):2 379-2 389.
[7]刘桂茹,张荣芝,卢建祥,等.冬小麦抗旱性鉴定指标的研究[J].华北农学报,1996,11(4):84-88.
[8] SYLVESTER-BRADLEY R, DAVIES DB, DYER C, et al. The value of nitrogen applied to wheat during early development[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,1997,47(2):173-180.
[9]刘展鹏,褚琳琳.作物干旱胁迫补偿效应研究进展[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(9):804-808.
[10]周磊,甘毅,欧晓彬,等.作物缺水补偿节水的分子生理机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(1):217-225.
[11] MONTAGU K D, WOO K C. Recovery of tree photosynthetic capacity from seasonal drought in the wet-dry tropics:the role of phyllode and canopy processes in Acacia auriculiformis[J]. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1999,26(2):135-145.
[12] LIU X Y, LUO Y P. Present situation of study on after-effect of water stress on crop growth[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2002, 20(4):6-10.
[13]刘洪展,郑风荣,赵世杰.不同衰老类型小麦品种在衰老过程中光合特性的变化[J].华北农学报,2006,21(3):13-15.
[14]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[15]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[16]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[17]赵世杰,史国安.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002.
[18]郭相平,郭枫,刘展鹏,等.水分胁迫及复水对玉米光合速率及可溶性糖的影响[J].玉米科学,2008,16(6):68-70.
[19]郭相平,张烈君,王琴,等.作物水分胁迫补偿效应研究进展[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(6):632-637.
[20]郭相平,张烈君,王琴,等.拔节孕穗期水分胁迫对水稻生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(2):125-129.
[21]王伟,蔡焕杰,王健,等.水分亏缺对冬小麦株高、叶绿素相对含量及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(1):41-44.
[22]刘义国,位国峰,商健,等.不同滴灌量对冬小麦旗叶衰老及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(10):96-101.
[23]孙骏威,杨勇,蒋德安.水分亏缺下水稻的光化学和抗氧化应答[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2004,30(3):278-284.
[24]卢少云,郭振飞,彭新湘,等.水稻幼苗叶绿体保护系统对干旱的反应[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1999,7(1):47-52.
[25]王贺正,马均,李旭毅,等.水稻开花期抗旱性鉴定指标的筛选[J].作物学报,2005,31(11):1 485-1 489.
[26]李长明,刘保国,任昌福,等.水稻抗旱机理研究[J].西南农业大学学报,1993,15(5):410-413.
[27]马廷臣.全基因组表达分析不同耐旱性水稻根系对不同强度干旱胁迫反应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2009.
[28]刘素军,孟丽丽,蒙美莲,等.马铃薯对块茎形成期水分胁迫及胁迫后复水的生理响应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(10):45-51.
[29]孙百良,杨晓杰,王瑶,等.复水对玉米干旱胁迫的缓解效应[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2015,34(12):2 733-2 737.
[30]刘丽平,欧阳竹,武兰芳,等.阶段性干旱及复水对小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2 797-2 803.
[31]甄博,郭相平,陆红飞,等.分蘖期旱涝交替胁迫对水稻生理指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(5):36-40.
[32]严平,梅雪英,操礼春,等.节水栽培对小麦产量构成及品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2004(6):32-35.
[33]时振振,李胜,马绍英,等.不同品种小麦抗氧化系统对水分胁迫的响应[J].草业学报,2015,24(7):68-78.
[34]杨林林,高阳,申孝军,等.播前和不同生育阶段灌溉对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(9):1-6.
[35]宜丽红,王丽,张孟妮,等.不同灌溉方式对冬小麦生长发育及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(10):15-19.
[36]曹成,汤广民.冬小麦受旱减产规律及产量与水关系模型研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(8):13-17.
[2]卜令铎,张仁和,韩苗苗,等.干旱复水激发玉米叶片补偿效应的生理机制[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(2):88-92.
[3]郝树荣,郭相平,张展羽.作物干旱胁迫及复水的补偿效应研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2009,29(1):81-84.
[4]闫永銮,郝卫平,梅旭荣,等.拔节期水分胁迫-复水对冬小麦干物质积累和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(2):190-195,202.
[5]赵长星,程曦,王月福,等.不同生育时期干旱胁迫对花生生长发育和复水后补偿效应的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2012,34(6):627-632.
[6]姚宁,宋利兵,刘健,等.不同生长阶段水分胁迫对旱区冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(12):2 379-2 389.
[7]刘桂茹,张荣芝,卢建祥,等.冬小麦抗旱性鉴定指标的研究[J].华北农学报,1996,11(4):84-88.
[8] SYLVESTER-BRADLEY R, DAVIES DB, DYER C, et al. The value of nitrogen applied to wheat during early development[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,1997,47(2):173-180.
[9]刘展鹏,褚琳琳.作物干旱胁迫补偿效应研究进展[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(9):804-808.
[10]周磊,甘毅,欧晓彬,等.作物缺水补偿节水的分子生理机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(1):217-225.
[11] MONTAGU K D, WOO K C. Recovery of tree photosynthetic capacity from seasonal drought in the wet-dry tropics:the role of phyllode and canopy processes in Acacia auriculiformis[J]. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1999,26(2):135-145.
[12] LIU X Y, LUO Y P. Present situation of study on after-effect of water stress on crop growth[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2002, 20(4):6-10.
[13]刘洪展,郑风荣,赵世杰.不同衰老类型小麦品种在衰老过程中光合特性的变化[J].华北农学报,2006,21(3):13-15.
[14]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[15]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[16]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[17]赵世杰,史国安.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002.
[18]郭相平,郭枫,刘展鹏,等.水分胁迫及复水对玉米光合速率及可溶性糖的影响[J].玉米科学,2008,16(6):68-70.
[19]郭相平,张烈君,王琴,等.作物水分胁迫补偿效应研究进展[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(6):632-637.
[20]郭相平,张烈君,王琴,等.拔节孕穗期水分胁迫对水稻生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(2):125-129.
[21]王伟,蔡焕杰,王健,等.水分亏缺对冬小麦株高、叶绿素相对含量及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(1):41-44.
[22]刘义国,位国峰,商健,等.不同滴灌量对冬小麦旗叶衰老及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(10):96-101.
[23]孙骏威,杨勇,蒋德安.水分亏缺下水稻的光化学和抗氧化应答[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2004,30(3):278-284.
[24]卢少云,郭振飞,彭新湘,等.水稻幼苗叶绿体保护系统对干旱的反应[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1999,7(1):47-52.
[25]王贺正,马均,李旭毅,等.水稻开花期抗旱性鉴定指标的筛选[J].作物学报,2005,31(11):1 485-1 489.
[26]李长明,刘保国,任昌福,等.水稻抗旱机理研究[J].西南农业大学学报,1993,15(5):410-413.
[27]马廷臣.全基因组表达分析不同耐旱性水稻根系对不同强度干旱胁迫反应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2009.
[28]刘素军,孟丽丽,蒙美莲,等.马铃薯对块茎形成期水分胁迫及胁迫后复水的生理响应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(10):45-51.
[29]孙百良,杨晓杰,王瑶,等.复水对玉米干旱胁迫的缓解效应[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2015,34(12):2 733-2 737.
[30]刘丽平,欧阳竹,武兰芳,等.阶段性干旱及复水对小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2 797-2 803.
[31]甄博,郭相平,陆红飞,等.分蘖期旱涝交替胁迫对水稻生理指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(5):36-40.
[32]严平,梅雪英,操礼春,等.节水栽培对小麦产量构成及品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2004(6):32-35.
[33]时振振,李胜,马绍英,等.不同品种小麦抗氧化系统对水分胁迫的响应[J].草业学报,2015,24(7):68-78.
[34]杨林林,高阳,申孝军,等.播前和不同生育阶段灌溉对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(9):1-6.
[35]宜丽红,王丽,张孟妮,等.不同灌溉方式对冬小麦生长发育及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(10):15-19.
[36]曹成,汤广民.冬小麦受旱减产规律及产量与水关系模型研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(8):13-17.