基于相关机会目标规划的电力系统日内滚动调度
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摘要
可再生能源大规模接入电力系统的背景下,考虑可再生能源出力不确定性对电力系统日内滚动调度模型功率平衡方程的影响,建立了含有预测误差不确定变量的功率平衡方程。为了实现含有不确定变量功率平衡方程的求解,将功率平衡方程的等式约束转化为最大化随机事件成立概率的目标函数,建立相关机会规划模型。考虑可再生能源出力不确定性,兼顾方案的鲁棒性和经济性,建立了系统旋转备用容量的机会约束模型。为了实现所建随机优化调度模型的快速求解,提出基于采样的机会约束条件确定性转化方法,将所建含有多个随机变量的机会约束条件进行等效确定性转换,又引入目标优化将所建多目标优化模型转化为单目标优化模型。最后,算例仿真验证了所建模型的有效性。
In the context of the large-scale renewable energy integrated into power system, the power balance equation with uncertain variables of prediction error is established considering the influence of renewable energy output uncertainty on the power balance equation in the intraday rolling dispatching model of the power system. In order to solve the power balance equation with uncertain variables, the equation constraint of power balance equation is transformed into the objective function to maximize the probability of occurrence of random events, and the dependent chance programming is established. Considering the uncertainty of renewable energy output, the robustness and economy of the scheme, the chance-constrained model of the system spinning reserve capacity is established. In order to improve the efficiency of solving the stochastic optimization dispatching model, a deterministic transformation method of chance-constrained conditions based on sampling is proposed, in which the chance-constrained conditions with multiple random variables are equivalently deterministically transformed, and then the goal programming is introduced to transform the multi-objective optimization model into a single-objective optimization model. Finally, an example is discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
In the context of the large-scale renewable energy integrated into power system, the power balance equation with uncertain variables of prediction error is established considering the influence of renewable energy output uncertainty on the power balance equation in the intraday rolling dispatching model of the power system. In order to solve the power balance equation with uncertain variables, the equation constraint of power balance equation is transformed into the objective function to maximize the probability of occurrence of random events, and the dependent chance programming is established. Considering the uncertainty of renewable energy output, the robustness and economy of the scheme, the chance-constrained model of the system spinning reserve capacity is established. In order to improve the efficiency of solving the stochastic optimization dispatching model, a deterministic transformation method of chance-constrained conditions based on sampling is proposed, in which the chance-constrained conditions with multiple random variables are equivalently deterministically transformed, and then the goal programming is introduced to transform the multi-objective optimization model into a single-objective optimization model. Finally, an example is discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
引文
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[3] 周孝信,陈树勇,鲁宗相,等.能源转型中我国新一代电力系统的技术特征[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(7):1893-1904.ZHOU Xiaoxin,CHEN Shuyong,LU Zongxiang,et al.Technology features of the new generation power system in China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(7):1893-1904.
[4] 王魁,张步涵,闫大威,等.含大规模风电的电力系统多时间尺度滚动协调调度方法研究[J].电网技术,2014,38(9):2434-2440.WANG Kui,ZHANG Buhan,YAN Dawei,et al.A multi-time scale rolling coordination scheduling method for power grid integrated with large scale wind farm[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(9):2434-2440.
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[7] 朱丹丹,刘文颖,蔡万通,等.风电消纳目标下基于电量与功率滚动优化的荷源控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(5):80-85.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170309012.ZHU Dandan,LIU Wenying,CAI Wantong,et al.Load-source coordinated dispatch method for promoting wind power accommodation based on rolling optimization of energy and power[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(5):80-85.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170309012.
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[14] 尚金成.基于时间尺度的节能发电优化调度协调模型及算法[J].电网技术,2008,32(15):56-61.SHANG Jincheng.Coordination model and algorithm of energy saving power generation dispatching based on time scale[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(15):56-61.
[15] 陈之栩,李丹,张晶,等.华北电网安全节能发电优化调度系统功能设计[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(24):43-47.CHEN Zhixu,LI Dan,ZHANG Jing,et al.Function design for North China power grid security constrained convention dispatch optimization system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(24):43-47.
[16] 陈之栩,李丹,梁吉,等.华北电网日内发电计划及实时调度系统[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(19):54-57.CHEN Zhixu,LI Dan,LIANG Ji,et al.Intraday generation plan and real time dispatch system of North China grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(19):54-57.
[17] 邓勇,朱泽磊,黄文英,等.日内及实时发电计划的递进协调方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(1):141-146.DENG Yong,ZHU Zelei,HUANG Wenying,et al.Hierarchical coordinated method for intraday and real-time generation scheduling[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(1):141-146.
[18] 王楠,张粒子,刘宝成,等.日前节能发电调度计划与实时控制的协调方式[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(17):45-49.WANG Nan,ZHANG Lizi,LIU Baocheng,et al.Coordination mode of day-ahead generation schedule considering energy saving and real-time control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(17):45-49.
[19] WANG Yang,ZHAO Shuqiang,ZHOU Zhi,et al.Risk adjustable day-ahead unit commitment with wind power based on chance constrained goal programming[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2017,8(2):530-541.
[20] 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所.中国2050高比例可再生能源发展情景暨路径研究[R/OL].[2015-04-17].http://www.doc88.com/p-4853874287926.html.Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission.China 2050 high renewable energy penetration scenario and roadmap study[R/OL].[2015-04-17].http://www.doc88.com/p-4853874287926.html.
[21] 鲁宗相,黄瀚,单葆国,等.高比例可再生能源电力系统结构形态演化及电力预测展望[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):12-18.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170109001.LU Zongxiang,HUANG Han,SHAN Baoguo,et al.Morphological evolution model and power forecasting prospect of future electric power systems with high proportion of renewable energy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):12-18.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170109001.
[22] 康重庆,姚良忠.高比例可再生能源电力系统的关键科学问题与理论研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):2-11.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170120004.KANG Chongqing,YAO Liangzhong.Key scientific issues and theoretical research framework for power systems with high proportion of renewable energy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):2-11.DOI:10.7500/AEPS 20170120004.
[23] 于丹文,杨明,翟鹤峰,等.鲁棒优化在电力系统调度绝种中的应用研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):134-143.YU Danwen,YANG Ming,ZHAI Hefeng,et al.An overview of robust optimization used for power system dispatch and decision-making[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems.2016,40(7):134-143.
[24] 马燕峰,陈磊,赵书强.基于机会约束混合整数规划的风火协调滚动调度[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(5):127-136.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170918001.MA Yanfeng,CHEN Lei,ZHAO Shuqiang.Rolling dispatch of the wind-fire coordinated system based on chance constrained mixed integer programming[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(5):127-136.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170918001.
[25] LIU B.Dependent-chance programming:a class of stochastic programming[J].Computers & Mathematical Analysis and Applications,1996,199(1):293-311.
[26] CHARNES A,COOPER W W.Management models and industrial applications of linear programming[M].New York,USA:Wiley,1961.
[27] 张伯明,陈寿孙,严正.高等电力网络分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.ZHANG Boming,CHEN Shousun,YAN Zheng.Advanced power network analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2007.
[28] 周玮,孙辉,顾宏,等.计及风险备用约束的含风电场电力系统动态经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(1):47-55.ZHOU Wei,SUN Hui,GU Hong,et al.Dynamic economic dispatch of wind integrated power systems based on risk reserve constraints[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(1):47-55.
[2] HODGE B M,MILLIGAN M.Wind power forecasting error distributions over multiple timescales[C]// IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 24-29,2011,San Diego,USA.
[3] 周孝信,陈树勇,鲁宗相,等.能源转型中我国新一代电力系统的技术特征[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(7):1893-1904.ZHOU Xiaoxin,CHEN Shuyong,LU Zongxiang,et al.Technology features of the new generation power system in China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(7):1893-1904.
[4] 王魁,张步涵,闫大威,等.含大规模风电的电力系统多时间尺度滚动协调调度方法研究[J].电网技术,2014,38(9):2434-2440.WANG Kui,ZHANG Buhan,YAN Dawei,et al.A multi-time scale rolling coordination scheduling method for power grid integrated with large scale wind farm[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(9):2434-2440.
[5] GALLESTEY E,STOTHERT A,ANTOINE M,et al.Model predictive control and the optimization of power plant load while considering lifetime consumption[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2002,17(1):186-191.
[6] CAMPONOGARA E,JIA D,KROGH B H,et al.Distributed model predictive control[J].IEEE Control Systems,2002,22(1):44-52.
[7] 朱丹丹,刘文颖,蔡万通,等.风电消纳目标下基于电量与功率滚动优化的荷源控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(5):80-85.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170309012.ZHU Dandan,LIU Wenying,CAI Wantong,et al.Load-source coordinated dispatch method for promoting wind power accommodation based on rolling optimization of energy and power[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(5):80-85.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170309012.
[8] 张伯明,吴文传,郑太一,等.消纳大规模风电的多时间尺度协调的有功调度系统设计[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(1):1-6.ZHANG Boming,WU Wenchuan,ZHENG Taiyi,et al.Design of a multi-time scale coordinated active power dispatching system for accommodating large scale wind power penetration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(1):1-6.
[9] 沈伟,吴文传,张伯明,等.消纳大规模风电的在线滚动调度策略与模型[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(22):136-140.SHEN Wei,WU Wenchuan,ZHANG Boming,et al.An on-line rolling generation dispatch method and model for accommodating large-scale wind power[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(22):136-140.
[10] 陈建华,吴文传,张伯明,等.消纳大规模风电的热电联产机组滚动调度策略[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(24):21-27.CHEN Jianhua,WU Wenchuan,ZHANG Boming,et al.A rolling generation dispatch strategy for co-generation units accommodating large-scale wind power integration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(24):21-27.
[11] 李利利,耿建,姚建国,等.均衡发电量调度模式下的SCED模型和算法[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(15):23-27.LI Lili,GENG Jian,YAO Jianguo,et al.Model and algorithm for security constrained economical dispatch in equilibrium power generation dispatching model[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(15):23-27.
[12] 白杨,钟海旺,夏清,等.电量协调与成本控制的日内滚动发电计划[J].电网技术,2013,37(10):2965-2972.BAI Yang,ZHONG Haiwang,XIA Qing,et al.An intraday rolling scheduling with unit energy coordination and operating cost control[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(10):2965-2972.
[13] 尚金成,周劼英,程满.兼顾安全与经济的电力系统优化调度协调理论[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(6):28-33.SHANG Jincheng,ZHOU Jieying,CHENG Man.Coordination theory of electric power system optimal dispatch considering security and economics[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(6):28-33.
[14] 尚金成.基于时间尺度的节能发电优化调度协调模型及算法[J].电网技术,2008,32(15):56-61.SHANG Jincheng.Coordination model and algorithm of energy saving power generation dispatching based on time scale[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(15):56-61.
[15] 陈之栩,李丹,张晶,等.华北电网安全节能发电优化调度系统功能设计[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(24):43-47.CHEN Zhixu,LI Dan,ZHANG Jing,et al.Function design for North China power grid security constrained convention dispatch optimization system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(24):43-47.
[16] 陈之栩,李丹,梁吉,等.华北电网日内发电计划及实时调度系统[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(19):54-57.CHEN Zhixu,LI Dan,LIANG Ji,et al.Intraday generation plan and real time dispatch system of North China grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(19):54-57.
[17] 邓勇,朱泽磊,黄文英,等.日内及实时发电计划的递进协调方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(1):141-146.DENG Yong,ZHU Zelei,HUANG Wenying,et al.Hierarchical coordinated method for intraday and real-time generation scheduling[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(1):141-146.
[18] 王楠,张粒子,刘宝成,等.日前节能发电调度计划与实时控制的协调方式[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(17):45-49.WANG Nan,ZHANG Lizi,LIU Baocheng,et al.Coordination mode of day-ahead generation schedule considering energy saving and real-time control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(17):45-49.
[19] WANG Yang,ZHAO Shuqiang,ZHOU Zhi,et al.Risk adjustable day-ahead unit commitment with wind power based on chance constrained goal programming[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2017,8(2):530-541.
[20] 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所.中国2050高比例可再生能源发展情景暨路径研究[R/OL].[2015-04-17].http://www.doc88.com/p-4853874287926.html.Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission.China 2050 high renewable energy penetration scenario and roadmap study[R/OL].[2015-04-17].http://www.doc88.com/p-4853874287926.html.
[21] 鲁宗相,黄瀚,单葆国,等.高比例可再生能源电力系统结构形态演化及电力预测展望[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):12-18.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170109001.LU Zongxiang,HUANG Han,SHAN Baoguo,et al.Morphological evolution model and power forecasting prospect of future electric power systems with high proportion of renewable energy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):12-18.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170109001.
[22] 康重庆,姚良忠.高比例可再生能源电力系统的关键科学问题与理论研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):2-11.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170120004.KANG Chongqing,YAO Liangzhong.Key scientific issues and theoretical research framework for power systems with high proportion of renewable energy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):2-11.DOI:10.7500/AEPS 20170120004.
[23] 于丹文,杨明,翟鹤峰,等.鲁棒优化在电力系统调度绝种中的应用研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):134-143.YU Danwen,YANG Ming,ZHAI Hefeng,et al.An overview of robust optimization used for power system dispatch and decision-making[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems.2016,40(7):134-143.
[24] 马燕峰,陈磊,赵书强.基于机会约束混合整数规划的风火协调滚动调度[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(5):127-136.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170918001.MA Yanfeng,CHEN Lei,ZHAO Shuqiang.Rolling dispatch of the wind-fire coordinated system based on chance constrained mixed integer programming[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(5):127-136.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170918001.
[25] LIU B.Dependent-chance programming:a class of stochastic programming[J].Computers & Mathematical Analysis and Applications,1996,199(1):293-311.
[26] CHARNES A,COOPER W W.Management models and industrial applications of linear programming[M].New York,USA:Wiley,1961.
[27] 张伯明,陈寿孙,严正.高等电力网络分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.ZHANG Boming,CHEN Shousun,YAN Zheng.Advanced power network analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2007.
[28] 周玮,孙辉,顾宏,等.计及风险备用约束的含风电场电力系统动态经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(1):47-55.ZHOU Wei,SUN Hui,GU Hong,et al.Dynamic economic dispatch of wind integrated power systems based on risk reserve constraints[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(1):47-55.