基于多手段观测的海口站电离层闪烁对地磁暴响应研究
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摘要
联合利用CHAMP卫星等离子体密度就位观测数据和海口站GPS电离层闪烁监测仪数据,分析了2004年1月、2月和11月三次地磁暴期间海口站的电离层闪烁特征.我们发现海口站电离层对3次磁暴事件的响应特征明显不同.就磁暴期间B_z分量和Dst指数的观测值来说,2004年11月的磁暴事件最强,其次是1月的,2月的最弱.而地基闪烁监测仪的观测结果表明:1月磁暴事件期间,L波段电离层闪烁最强,闪烁指数S_4最大值接近于1.0,闪烁出现率的最大值超过80%;2月磁暴事件期间,电离层闪烁持续时间最长,S_4最大值接近于1.0,闪烁出现率的最大值接近63%;11月磁暴主相和恢复相期间,无电离层闪烁现象出现.CHAMP卫星和地面闪烁监测仪观测到的结果一致,表明多重尺度的电离层不均匀体通常同时存在,但是小尺度的电离层不规则体通常会先消失.对比上述三次实验的观测结果,我们推断造成电离层响应特征差异的原因与环电流的影响有关,Aarons准则可较好地解释电离层对3次磁暴事件的响应.同时跨赤道风场可能也有贡献,它通过增加沿场向积分的Pedersen电导率,降低了R-T不稳定性,从而抑制了电离层闪烁的发生.
The response of ionospheric scintillation to 3 geomagnetic storms in year 2004 are analyzed by using plasma density in-situ observations onboard CHAMP satellite and GPS ionospheric scintillation monitor(ISM) at Haikou. It is found that the characteristics of the ionosphere are quite different. In terms of B_z component and Dst observation, the strength of geomagnetic storm in November is the strongest, followed by it in January, and the geomagnetic storm in February is the weakest. However, the observations from the ISM show that, the L-band ionosphere scintillation is strongest during the January geomagnetic storm, the peak S_4 value and peak scintillation occurrence is close to 1.0 and 80%, respectively. The duration of ionospheric scintillation is the longest during the February geomagnetic storm, with the peak S_4 value and scintillation occurrence close to 1.0 and 63%, respectively. During the main phase and recovery phase of the November magnetic storm,there is no ionospheric scintillation.The observation derived from CHAMP satellite is in consistent with that from ISM.The results show that the large scale ionospheric irregularities tend to appear when the small scale irregularities are present,but the small scale ionospheric irregularities usually disappear first.We conclude that the differences in the response of ionospheric are mainly related to the effect of ring current,which could be well explained by Aarons' criterion.The neutral wind may also have contributions to these differences.
The response of ionospheric scintillation to 3 geomagnetic storms in year 2004 are analyzed by using plasma density in-situ observations onboard CHAMP satellite and GPS ionospheric scintillation monitor(ISM) at Haikou. It is found that the characteristics of the ionosphere are quite different. In terms of B_z component and Dst observation, the strength of geomagnetic storm in November is the strongest, followed by it in January, and the geomagnetic storm in February is the weakest. However, the observations from the ISM show that, the L-band ionosphere scintillation is strongest during the January geomagnetic storm, the peak S_4 value and peak scintillation occurrence is close to 1.0 and 80%, respectively. The duration of ionospheric scintillation is the longest during the February geomagnetic storm, with the peak S_4 value and scintillation occurrence close to 1.0 and 63%, respectively. During the main phase and recovery phase of the November magnetic storm,there is no ionospheric scintillation.The observation derived from CHAMP satellite is in consistent with that from ISM.The results show that the large scale ionospheric irregularities tend to appear when the small scale irregularities are present,but the small scale ionospheric irregularities usually disappear first.We conclude that the differences in the response of ionospheric are mainly related to the effect of ring current,which could be well explained by Aarons' criterion.The neutral wind may also have contributions to these differences.
引文
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[13] 熊超.中/低纬电离层多尺度结构形态学与机理[D].武汉:武汉大学,2012.XIONG C.Morphology and mechanism of multi-scale structures in the mid- and low-latitude ionosphere[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2012.(in Chinese)
[14] ZHANG Y,WAN W,LI G,et al.A comparative study of GPS ionospheric scintillations and ionogram spread F over Sanya[J].Annales geophysicae,2015,33(11):1421-1430.
[15] 徐继生,朱劼,程光晖.2004年11月强磁暴期间武汉电离层TEC的响应和振幅闪烁特征的GPS观测[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):950-956.XU J S,ZHU J,CHENG G H.GPS observations of ionospheric effects of the major storm of Nov.7-10,2004[J].Chinese journal of geophysics,2006,49(4):950-956.(in Chinese)
[16] FEJER B G,JENSEN J W,KIKUCHI T,et al.Equatorial Ionospheric electric fields during the November 2004 magnetic storm [J].Journal of geophysics research,2007,112:A10304.
[17] 刘立波,涂剑南,保宗悌.中性风对夜间低纬电离层参数的影响[J].空间科学学报,1998,18(4):308-312.LIU L B,TU J N,BAO Z T.Effects of neutral winds on nighttime low-latitude ionosphere[J].Chinese journal of space science,1998,18(4):308-312.(in Chinese)
[18] 刘立波,万卫星,涂剑南,等.中性风和垂直漂移对低纬F区电离层影响分析[J].空间科学学报,2000,20(1):23-31.LIU L B,WAN W X,TU J N,et al.Effects of neutral winds and vertical drifts on low-latitude ionosphere[J].Chinese journal of space science,2000,20(1):23-31.(in Chinese)
[19] HUBA J D,KRALL J.Impact of meridional winds on equatorial spread F:revisited[J].Geophysics research letters,2013,40(7):1268-1272.
[2] 尚社平,史建魁,甄卫民,等.赤道地区 L-波段电离层闪烁的形态特性[J].电波科学学报,2006,21(3):410-415.SHANG S P,SHI J K,ZHEN W M,et al.Morphological study of L-band ionospheric scintillations in the equatorial region[J].Chinese journal of radio science,2006,21(3):410-415.(in Chinese)
[3] 王国军.低纬(海南)地区电离层不规则体观测特性研究[D].北京:中科院空间科学与应用研究中心,2007.WANG G J.Research on ionospheric irregularities observed in low latitude (Hainan) region [D].Beijing:Center for Space Science and Applied Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007.(in Chinese)
[4] AARONS J.The role of the ring current in the generation or inhibition of equatorial F-layer irregularities during magnetic storms[J].Radio science,1991,26:1131-1149,.
[5] SAHAI Y,FAGUNDES P R,BITTENCOURT J A,et al.Occurrence of large scale equatorial F-region depletions during geo-magnetic disturbances[J].Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics,1998,60(16):1593-1604.
[6] CARTER B A,ZHANG K,NORMAN R,et al.On the occurrence of equatorial F-region irregularities during solar minimum using radio occultation measurements[J].Journal of geophysical research:space physics,2013,118(2):892-904.
[7] 胡连欢,宁百齐,李国主,等.暴时低纬电离层不规则体响应特征的多手段观测[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(2):365-373.HU L H,NING B Q,LI G Z,et al.Multi-instruments observations of low latitude ionosphereic irregularities response to Oct 2010 storm[J].Chinese journal of geophysics,2013,56(2):365-373.(in Chinese)
[8] 杨升高,方涵先,李刚,等.磁暴对赤道地区 L 波段电离层闪烁的影响研究[J].空间科学学报,2012,32(6):812-817.YANG S G,FANG H X,LI G,et al.Impact of geomagnetic storms on L-band ionospheric scintillation over equatorial region[J].Chinese journal of space science,2012,32(6):812-817.(in Chinese)
[9] 李国主.中国中低纬电离层闪烁监测、分析与应用研究[D].武汉:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2007.LI G Z.Studies on monitoring,analysis and application of mid- and low-latitude ionospheric scintillation in China[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007.(in Chinese)
[10] CHANDRA H,VYAS G D,PATHAN B M,et al.Spectral characteristics of magnetic storm induced F-region scintillations extending into daytime[J].Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics,1995,57(11):1273-1285.
[11] KUMAR S,GWAL A K.VHF ionospheric scintillations near the equatorial anomaly crest:solar and magnetic activity effects[J].Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics,2000,62(3):157-167.
[12] BASU S,BASU S,VALLADARES C E,et al.Ionospheric effects of major magnetic storms during the international space weather period of September and October 1999:GPS observations,VHF/UHF scintillations,and in situ density structures at middle and equatorial latitudes[J].Journal of geophysics research,2001,106 (A12):30389-30414.
[13] 熊超.中/低纬电离层多尺度结构形态学与机理[D].武汉:武汉大学,2012.XIONG C.Morphology and mechanism of multi-scale structures in the mid- and low-latitude ionosphere[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2012.(in Chinese)
[14] ZHANG Y,WAN W,LI G,et al.A comparative study of GPS ionospheric scintillations and ionogram spread F over Sanya[J].Annales geophysicae,2015,33(11):1421-1430.
[15] 徐继生,朱劼,程光晖.2004年11月强磁暴期间武汉电离层TEC的响应和振幅闪烁特征的GPS观测[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):950-956.XU J S,ZHU J,CHENG G H.GPS observations of ionospheric effects of the major storm of Nov.7-10,2004[J].Chinese journal of geophysics,2006,49(4):950-956.(in Chinese)
[16] FEJER B G,JENSEN J W,KIKUCHI T,et al.Equatorial Ionospheric electric fields during the November 2004 magnetic storm [J].Journal of geophysics research,2007,112:A10304.
[17] 刘立波,涂剑南,保宗悌.中性风对夜间低纬电离层参数的影响[J].空间科学学报,1998,18(4):308-312.LIU L B,TU J N,BAO Z T.Effects of neutral winds on nighttime low-latitude ionosphere[J].Chinese journal of space science,1998,18(4):308-312.(in Chinese)
[18] 刘立波,万卫星,涂剑南,等.中性风和垂直漂移对低纬F区电离层影响分析[J].空间科学学报,2000,20(1):23-31.LIU L B,WAN W X,TU J N,et al.Effects of neutral winds and vertical drifts on low-latitude ionosphere[J].Chinese journal of space science,2000,20(1):23-31.(in Chinese)
[19] HUBA J D,KRALL J.Impact of meridional winds on equatorial spread F:revisited[J].Geophysics research letters,2013,40(7):1268-1272.
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