考虑配电网安全性的虚拟电厂优化调度博弈模型
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摘要
以往的虚拟电厂(VPP)优化调度模型仅考虑VPP的经济性,所得最优调度方案往往无法满足配电网的安全需求,会造成线路过负荷、节点电压越限等问题,影响电力系统的安全稳定运行。为了权衡VPP的经济性与配电网的安全性,建立了基于非合作博弈理论的VPP优化调度博弈模型,并且采用随机规划法处理风/光可再生能源以及电价的不确定性。以某市城北变八引线配电网为算例,对VPP优化调度模型、配电网安全性模型以及非合作博弈模型三者的优化结果进行了比较,结果表明:当VPP与配电网以非合作方式进行博弈时,会采取相对保守的调度策略,削减各聚合单元的发电量,使VPP在获得较大利润的同时,配电网也能够保持较高的安全性,验证了所提非合作博弈模型的有效性和合理性。
The previous optimal dispatch models of VPP(Virtual Power Plant) only consider the economy of VPP and the obtained optimal dispatch schemes often fail to meet the security requirements of the distribution network,which may cause the problems of line over-load,node voltage over-limit and so on and affect the safe and stable ope-ration of the power system. In order to balance the economy of VPP and the security of distribution network,an optimal dispatch game model of VPP based on non-cooperative game theory is established and the stochastic programming method is applied to deal with the uncertainties of electricity price and renewable energy sources,such as wind power and photovoltaic power. The optimal results of optimal dispatch model of VPP,security model of distribution network and non-cooperative game model are compared based on the case of an eight-lead distribution network in the north of a city. The results show that,when VPP and distribution network play game in a non-cooperative way,the VPP will take a relatively conservative dispatch scheme by reducing the power generation of each aggregation unit,which will increase the profits of VPP and maintain high security of distribution network,verifying the validity and rationality of the proposed non-cooperative game model.
The previous optimal dispatch models of VPP(Virtual Power Plant) only consider the economy of VPP and the obtained optimal dispatch schemes often fail to meet the security requirements of the distribution network,which may cause the problems of line over-load,node voltage over-limit and so on and affect the safe and stable ope-ration of the power system. In order to balance the economy of VPP and the security of distribution network,an optimal dispatch game model of VPP based on non-cooperative game theory is established and the stochastic programming method is applied to deal with the uncertainties of electricity price and renewable energy sources,such as wind power and photovoltaic power. The optimal results of optimal dispatch model of VPP,security model of distribution network and non-cooperative game model are compared based on the case of an eight-lead distribution network in the north of a city. The results show that,when VPP and distribution network play game in a non-cooperative way,the VPP will take a relatively conservative dispatch scheme by reducing the power generation of each aggregation unit,which will increase the profits of VPP and maintain high security of distribution network,verifying the validity and rationality of the proposed non-cooperative game model.
引文
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[15]董文略,王群,杨莉.含风光水的虚拟电厂与配电公司协调调度模型[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):75-81,207.DONG Wenlue,WANG Qun,YANG Li.A coordinated dispatching model for a distribution utility and virtual power plants with wind/photovoltaic/hydro generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):75-81,207.
[16]WANG Yao,AI Xin,TAN Zhongfu.Interactive dispatch modes and bidding strategy of multiple virtual power plants based on demand response and game theory[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(1):510-519.
[17]张高,王旭,蒋传文.基于主从博弈的含电动汽车虚拟电厂协调调度[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(11):48-55.ZHANG Gao,WANG Xu,JIANG Chuanwen.Stackelberg game based coordinated dispatch of virtual power plant considering electric vehicle management[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(11):48-55.
[18]方燕琼,甘霖,艾芊,等.基于主从博弈的虚拟电厂双层竞标策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):61-69.FANG Yanqiong,GAN Lin,AI Qian,et al.Stackelberg game based bi-level bidding strategy for virtual power plant[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(14):61-69.
[19]路尧,刘继春,许立雄.非合作博弈下考虑用户满意度的虚拟电厂经济优化运行[J].分布式能源,2017,2(1):23-29.LU Yao,LIU Jichun,XU Lixiong.Economic optimization operation of virtual power plant considering the users’satisfaction based on non-cooperative game theory[J].Distributed Energy,2017,2(1):23-29.
[20]DABBAGH S R,SHEIKH-EL-ESLAMI M K.Risk-based profit allocation to DERs integrated with a virtual power plant using cooperative game theory[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2015,121:368-378.
[21]栗然,马慧卓,祝晋尧,等.分布式电源接入配电网多目标优化规划[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(1):6-13.LI Ran,MA Huizhuo,ZHU Jinyao,et al.Multi-objective optimization for DG integration into distribution system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(1):6-13.
[22]梅生伟,刘锋,魏韡.工程博弈论基础及电力系统应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:65-67.
[23]ROSEN J B.Existence and uniqueness of equilibrium points for concave N-person games[J].Econometrica,1965,33(3):520-534.
[24]Solar turbines[EB/OL].(2016-08-01)[2018-06-21].http:∥mysolar.Cat.com/cda/layout?m=41079&x=7.
[2]陈炜.含电动汽车储能与分布式风力发电的虚拟发电厂优化运行[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(10):45-59.CHEN Wei.Optimal operation of virtual power plant with electric vehicles and distributed wind farms[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(10):45-59.
[3]DING Huajie,HU Zechun,SONG Yonghua.Stochastic optimization of the daily operation of wind farm and pumped-hydro-storage plant[J].Renewable Energy,2012(48):571-578.
[4]夏榆杭,刘俊勇.基于分布式发电的虚拟发电厂研究综述[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(4):100-106,115.XIA Yuhang,LIU Junyong.Review of virtual power plant based on distributed generation[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(4):100-106,115.
[5]苏粟,马涛,王玮,等.基于虚拟电厂的车-网负荷平衡策略[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(8):256-263.SU Su,MA Tao,WANG Wei,et al.Strategy based on virtual power plant for load balancing between EVs and distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(8):256-263.
[6]孙国强,周亦洲,卫志农,等.基于混合随机规划/信息间隙决策理论的虚拟电厂调度优化模型[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(10):112-118.SUN Guoqiang,ZHOU Yizhou,WEI Zhinong,et al.Dispatch optimization model of virtual power plant based on hybrid stochastic programming and information gap decision theory[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(10):112-118.
[7]孙国强,袁智,许晓慧,等.碳排放约束下虚拟电厂鲁棒优化竞标模型[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(8):97-103.SUN Guoqiang,YUAN Zhi,XU Xiaohui,et al.Bidding model based on robust optimization for virtual power plant under carbon emission constraint[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(8):97-103.
[8]PANDZI? H,KUZLE I,CAPUDER T.Virtual power plant midterm dispatch optimization[J].Applied Energy,2013,101:134-141.
[9]PANDZI? H,MORALES J M,CONEJO A J,et al.Offering model for a virtual power plant based on stochastic programming[J].Applied Energy,2013,105:283-292.
[10]余爽,卫志农,孙国强,等.考虑不确定性因素的虚拟电厂竞标模型[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(22):43-49.YU Shuang,WEI Zhinong,SUN Guoqiang,et al.A bidding model for a virtual power plant considering uncertainties[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(22):43-49.
[11]臧海祥,余爽,卫志农,等.计及安全约束的虚拟电厂两层优化调度[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(8):96-102.ZANG Haixiang,YU Shuang,WEI Zhinong,et al.Safety-constrained two-layer optimal dispatch of virtual power plant[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(8):96-102.
[12]梅生伟,王莹莹,刘锋.风-光-储混合电力系统的博弈论规划模型与分析[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(20):13-19.MEI Shengwei,WANG Yingying,LIU Feng.A game theory based planning model and analysis for hybrid power system with wind generator-photovoltaic panels-storage batteries[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(20):13-19.
[13]陈彬.计及户用分布式电源的合作博弈智能用电技术[J].电力工程技术,2017,36(5):29-34.CHEN Bin.Cooperative game-based energy consumption technology considering household distributed generators[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2017,36(5):29-34.
[14]王敏,许建,潘永春,等.电动汽车参与配电侧电力市场竞价博弈的研究[J].广东电力,2017,30(2):1-7.WANG Min,XU Jian,PAN Yongchun,et al.Research on electric vehicles participating in bidding game in distribution side power market[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(2):1-7.
[15]董文略,王群,杨莉.含风光水的虚拟电厂与配电公司协调调度模型[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):75-81,207.DONG Wenlue,WANG Qun,YANG Li.A coordinated dispatching model for a distribution utility and virtual power plants with wind/photovoltaic/hydro generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):75-81,207.
[16]WANG Yao,AI Xin,TAN Zhongfu.Interactive dispatch modes and bidding strategy of multiple virtual power plants based on demand response and game theory[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(1):510-519.
[17]张高,王旭,蒋传文.基于主从博弈的含电动汽车虚拟电厂协调调度[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(11):48-55.ZHANG Gao,WANG Xu,JIANG Chuanwen.Stackelberg game based coordinated dispatch of virtual power plant considering electric vehicle management[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(11):48-55.
[18]方燕琼,甘霖,艾芊,等.基于主从博弈的虚拟电厂双层竞标策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):61-69.FANG Yanqiong,GAN Lin,AI Qian,et al.Stackelberg game based bi-level bidding strategy for virtual power plant[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(14):61-69.
[19]路尧,刘继春,许立雄.非合作博弈下考虑用户满意度的虚拟电厂经济优化运行[J].分布式能源,2017,2(1):23-29.LU Yao,LIU Jichun,XU Lixiong.Economic optimization operation of virtual power plant considering the users’satisfaction based on non-cooperative game theory[J].Distributed Energy,2017,2(1):23-29.
[20]DABBAGH S R,SHEIKH-EL-ESLAMI M K.Risk-based profit allocation to DERs integrated with a virtual power plant using cooperative game theory[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2015,121:368-378.
[21]栗然,马慧卓,祝晋尧,等.分布式电源接入配电网多目标优化规划[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(1):6-13.LI Ran,MA Huizhuo,ZHU Jinyao,et al.Multi-objective optimization for DG integration into distribution system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(1):6-13.
[22]梅生伟,刘锋,魏韡.工程博弈论基础及电力系统应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:65-67.
[23]ROSEN J B.Existence and uniqueness of equilibrium points for concave N-person games[J].Econometrica,1965,33(3):520-534.
[24]Solar turbines[EB/OL].(2016-08-01)[2018-06-21].http:∥mysolar.Cat.com/cda/layout?m=41079&x=7.
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