不同水平苜蓿添加量对断奶前羔羊生长性能和瘤胃发育的影响
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摘要
本文旨在研究羔羊开食料中添加不同水平的苜蓿干草对羔羊断奶前后生长性能和瘤胃形态结构发育的影响。试验选择年龄、体重相近的30只萨寒杂交一代去势公羔羊,采用完全随机试验设计,分为对照组、5%苜蓿添加组、10%苜蓿添加组,每组10只羊,每只羊为一个重复。研究结果表明,羔羊开食料中添加苜蓿显著提高了开食料的系水力(P<0.05),降低了容重(P<0.05)。羔羊开食料中添加苜蓿显著降低了羔羊的日均干物质采食量(P<0.05),对体重、平均日增重和料肉比无显著影响(P>0.05)。开食料中添加苜蓿降低了羔羊血液β-羟丁酸浓度,但对血液葡萄糖和非酯化脂肪酸浓度无不利影响。开食料中添加苜蓿提高了羔羊瘤胃壁角质化程度,增加了瘤胃壁肌层厚度,对其他瘤胃形态指标无不利影响。因此,羔羊开食料中添加苜蓿干草对羔羊生长性能无不利影响,可以促进瘤胃提早发育,苜蓿的添加量可达10%。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of adding different levels of alfalfa hay on the growth performance and rumen morphology development of lamb before and after weaning. A total of 30 castrated Suffolk × Small Tailed Han Sheep male lambs with similar age and weight were selected and divided into the control group,the 5% alfalfa addition group and the 10% alfalfa group,with 10 sheep in each group. The results showed that adding alfalfa hay to lamb starter diet increased the water holding capacity(P <0.05)and decreased bulk density(P <0.05). Adding alfalfa hay significantly reduced the average daily dry matter intake(P <0.05)of the lamb,and had no significant effect on weight,average daily gain and feed conversion ratio(P >0.05). The addition of Alfalfa hay in the diet reduced the concentration of beta hydroxybutyric acid in lambs,but had no adverse effect on the concentration of blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids. Adding alfalfa hay in the diet increased the keratinization level of the stomach wall,increased the thickness of the muscular wall of the stomach wall,and had no adverse effect on other rumen morphological indexes. Therefore,the addition of alfalfa hay in lamb starter diet has no adverse effect on the growth performance of lamb,which can promote the early development of the rumen,and the amount of alfalfa can reach 10%.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of adding different levels of alfalfa hay on the growth performance and rumen morphology development of lamb before and after weaning. A total of 30 castrated Suffolk × Small Tailed Han Sheep male lambs with similar age and weight were selected and divided into the control group,the 5% alfalfa addition group and the 10% alfalfa group,with 10 sheep in each group. The results showed that adding alfalfa hay to lamb starter diet increased the water holding capacity(P <0.05)and decreased bulk density(P <0.05). Adding alfalfa hay significantly reduced the average daily dry matter intake(P <0.05)of the lamb,and had no significant effect on weight,average daily gain and feed conversion ratio(P >0.05). The addition of Alfalfa hay in the diet reduced the concentration of beta hydroxybutyric acid in lambs,but had no adverse effect on the concentration of blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids. Adding alfalfa hay in the diet increased the keratinization level of the stomach wall,increased the thickness of the muscular wall of the stomach wall,and had no adverse effect on other rumen morphological indexes. Therefore,the addition of alfalfa hay in lamb starter diet has no adverse effect on the growth performance of lamb,which can promote the early development of the rumen,and the amount of alfalfa can reach 10%.
引文
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[2]吴天佑,赵睿,罗阳,等.不同粗饲料来源饲粮对湖羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(6):1907~1915.
[3]翁秀秀,张养东,李发弟,等.不同类型饲粮饲喂下奶牛瘤胃乳头的光镜和透射电镜观察[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(9):1998~2004.
[4]杨斌.早期补饲苜蓿调节幼龄湖羊生长和瘤胃发育的机制研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.
[5]张海涛,王加启,卜登攀,等.影响犊牛瘤胃发育的因素研究[J].乳业科学与技术,2008,31(2):86~89.
[6]Allen M S.Effects of diet on short term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(7):1598.
[7]Association of Official Analytical Chemists(AOAC).Official methods of analysis,2002,17th edn.,Arlington.
[8]Coverdale J A,Tyler H D,Rd Q J,et al.Effect of various levels of forage and form of diet on rumen development and growth in calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(8):2554~2562.
[9]Heinrichs,J.Rumen development in the dairy calf[J].Advances in Dairy Technology,2005,17:179~187.
[9]Hill T M,Bateman H G,Aldrich J M,et al.Roughage for diets fed to weaned dairy calves[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2009,25:283~288.
[10]Norouzian M A,Valizadeh R,Vahmani P.Rumen development and growth of Balouchi lambs offered alfalfa hay pre-and postweaning[J].Tropical Animal Health&Production,2011,43(6):1169.
[11]Porter J C,Warner R G,Pas A F K.Effect of Fiber Level and Physical Form of Starter on Growth and Development of Dairy Calves Fed No Forage[J].Professional Animal Scientist,2007,23(4):395~400.
[12]Quigley J D,Bernard J K.Effects of nutrient source and time of feeding on changes in blood metabolites in young calves[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(5):1543.
[13]Steele M A,Vandervoort G,Alzahal O,et al.Rumen epithelial adaptation to high grain diets involves the coordinated regulation of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis[J].Physiological Genomics,2011,43(6):308~316.
[14]Teimouri Y A,Valizadeh R,Naserian A,et al.Effects of alfalfa particle size and specific gravity on chewing activity,digestibility,and performance of Holstein dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(11):3912~3924.
[15]Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583~3597.