下挖式日光温室夜间土壤非稳态导热过程
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摘要
针对日光温室土壤温度不均衡的问题,运用传热学非稳态导热理论,测定分析跨度方向上不同测点地面温度变化率和土壤放热量之间的关系,对下挖式日光温室土壤夜间的非稳态导热过程进行研究。结果表明:1)日光温室地面放热量受地面温度和跨度位置综合作用,地面温度越高、跨度位置越大,土壤放热量越多;2)不同测点地面温度变化率和土壤放热量不成比例,土壤存在水平方向上的热量流动;3)土壤边际效是受到后墙下土壤、温室外土壤缓冲作用引起的;4)本试验中,受后墙下土壤缓冲,土壤放热增加量占土壤放热量比例为6.06%～7.34%;受温室外土壤缓冲,土壤放热减少量占土壤放热量比例为31.8%～50.28%;边际效应对土壤温度环境具有不利影响。
In view of the imbalance of soil temperature,this study analyzed the relationship between the change rate of temperature and soil heat-releasing volume of test points in span direction with unsteady heat conduction theory as foundation and took deep-bed solar greenhouse as trial subject,and conducted research on the process of the soil unsteady heat conduction.The results showed that the heat-releasing volume was affected by the ground temperature and the span position.The higher the surface temperature and the larger the span position,the more heat was released.The change rate of temperature and the heat-releasing volume were not proportional,and there was heat flowing in horizontal direction.The marginal effect of soil was caused by buffer from the soil under the back wall and the soil outside the greenhouse.In this experiment,the heat-releasing volume increased by soil buffer under the back wall was 6.06%-7.34% of total soil heat-releasing volume,and the heat-releasing volume reduced by soil buffer from outside greenhouse was 31.8%-50.28%of total soil heat-releasing volume.The marginal effect had a negative effect on the soil temperature environment.
In view of the imbalance of soil temperature,this study analyzed the relationship between the change rate of temperature and soil heat-releasing volume of test points in span direction with unsteady heat conduction theory as foundation and took deep-bed solar greenhouse as trial subject,and conducted research on the process of the soil unsteady heat conduction.The results showed that the heat-releasing volume was affected by the ground temperature and the span position.The higher the surface temperature and the larger the span position,the more heat was released.The change rate of temperature and the heat-releasing volume were not proportional,and there was heat flowing in horizontal direction.The marginal effect of soil was caused by buffer from the soil under the back wall and the soil outside the greenhouse.In this experiment,the heat-releasing volume increased by soil buffer under the back wall was 6.06%-7.34% of total soil heat-releasing volume,and the heat-releasing volume reduced by soil buffer from outside greenhouse was 31.8%-50.28%of total soil heat-releasing volume.The marginal effect had a negative effect on the soil temperature environment.
引文
[1]李式军,郭世荣.设施园艺学[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,2012:30Li S J,Guo S R.Protected Horticulture[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2012:30(in Chinese)
[2]于威,王铁良,刘文合,白义奎,佟国红.日光温室地中热水管加温对土壤温度的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2014,45(3):321-325Yu W,Wang T L,Liu W H,Bai Y K,Tong G H.Soil temperature in solar greenhouse with buried hot water pipes[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2014,45(3):321-325(in Chinese)
[3]白义奎,迟道才,王铁良,赵岽,任冰洁.日光温室燃池:地中热交换系统加热效果的初步研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(10):178-181Bai Y K,Chi D C,Wang T L,Zhao D,Ren B J.Experimental research of heating by fire-pit and underground heating exchange system in a solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(10):178-181(in Chinese)
[4]冯玉龙,刘恩举,孟庆超.根系温度对植物的影响:根温对植物代谢的影响[J].东北林业大学学报1995,23(4):94-99Feng Y L,Liu E J,Meng Q C.Influence of temperature of root system on plant:Influence of root temperature on plant metabolism[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,1995,23(4):94-99(in Chinese)
[5]冯玉龙,刘恩举,孙国斌.根系温度对植物的影响:根温对植物生长及光合作用的影响(I)[J].东北林业大学学报1995,23(4):63-69Feng Y L,Liu E J,Sun G B.Influence of temperature of root system on plant(i):Influence of root temperature on plant growth and photosynthesis[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,1995,23(4):63-69(in Chinese)
[6]高国训,靳力争,郭富常,顾自豪.节能日光温室温度分布及其变化[J].天津农业科学,2001,7(1):33-36Gao G X,Jin L Z,Guo F C,Gu Z H.Temperature distribution and variation in saving solar greenhouse[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2001,7(1):33-36(in Chinese)
[7]张海鑫,塔娜,康宏源.日光温室边际土壤温度试验及模拟研究[J].北方园艺,2017(5):41-48Zhang H X,Tana,Kang H Y.Experiment and simulation of soil temperature at edge area in solar greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2017(5):41-48(in Chinese)
[8]陈端生.日光温室小气候环境及其调节[J].中国花卉园艺,2013(8):47-52Chen D S.Microclimate environment and its regulation in solar greenhouse[J].China Flower&Horticulture,2013(8),47-52(in Chinese)
[9]孙治强,孙丽,王谦,李胜利.日光温室土壤温度环境边际效应[J].农业工程学报,2009,20(5):150-155Sun Z Q,Sun L,Wang Q,Li S L.Marginal effect of the soil temperature environment in greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(5):150-155(in Chinese)
[10]商量.日光温室周边地温对室内地温的影响研究[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2016Shang L.The influence of ground temperature on indoor and outdoor temperature in solar greenhouse[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2016(in Chinese)
[11]郜庆炉,薛香,段爱旺.日光温室内温度特点及其变化规律研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(6):50-53Gao Q L,Xue X,Duan A W.Temperature characteristics and its changing laws within solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2003,22(6):50-53(in Chinese)
[12]白义奎,刘文合,柴宇,车忠仕,佟国红.防寒沟对日光温室横向地温的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(5-6):595-597Bai Y K,Liu W H,Chai Y,Che Z S,Tong G H.Effect of cold-proof ditch on soil temperature changes in horizontal in solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2014,35(5-6):595-597(in Chinese)
[13]佟国红,王铁良,白义奎,刘文合,于威,赵荣飞.日光温室土壤温度分布边际效应的数值模拟[J].北方园艺,2010(15):65-68Tong G H,Wang T L,Bai Y K,Liu W H,Yu W,Zhao R F.Numerical modeling of marginal effect on soil temperature distribution in a Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2010(15):65-68(in Chinese)
[14]王思倩,张志录,侯伟娜,易东海,孙治强.下沉式日光温室南侧边际区域土壤温度变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(8):235-240Wang S Q,Zhang Z L,Hou W N,Yi D H,Sun Z Q.Variation characteristics of soil temperature at south edge area in sinking-mode greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(8):235-240(in Chinese)
[15]张靖周,常海萍.传热学[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2015:81,60-61Zhang J Z,Chang H P.Heat Transmission Science[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2015:81,60-61(in Chinese)
[16]梁世彬,方曜奇,刘润杰,朱彻.玻璃化状态下胎面胶粒和胶粉非稳态导热的分析与计算[J].工程热物理学报,1996(S1),17:143-146Liang S B,Fang Y Q,Liu R J,Zhu C.Analysis of transient heat transfer of scrap tire peel and its fine powder below the glass transition temperature[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1996,17(S1):143-146(in Chinese)
[17]高兴勇,陆蕴香.大型圆柱体钢锭非稳态导热的集总热容法应用[J].锻压技术,2011,36(2):116-118Gao X Y,Lu Y X.Application of lumped heat capacity method to large-scale circular cylinder steel ingot unsteady state heat conduction[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2011,36(2):116-118(in Chinese)
[18]樊海兵,曲方,谢正文.非稳态导热理论在矿井原岩温度测定中的应用[J].中国计量学院学报,2008,19(3):233-236Fan H B,Qu F,Xie Z W. Virgin rock temperature measurement depending on unstable heat conduction[J].Journal of China Jiliang University,2008,19(3):233-236(in Chinese)
[19]韩小良.窑炉砌体非稳态导热时温度分布及蓄热量的计算[J].陶瓷,2002(6):29-32Han X L.Calculation of temperature distribution and heat storage during unsteady heat conduction of kiln masonry[J].Pottery and Porcelain,2002(6):29-32(in Chinese)
[20]胡智敏,曾令可,吴建青,刘振群.周期性变化边界条件下窑墙非稳态导热的数值模拟[J].硅酸盐通报,1997(4):4-9Hu Z M,Zeng L K,Wu J Q,Liu Z Q.Numerical simulation of unsteady heat transfer in kiln wall with periodically variational boundary conditions[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,1997(4):4-9(in Chinese)
[21]马承伟,陆海,李睿,曲梅.日光温室墙体传热的一维差分模型与数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):231-237Ma C W,Lu H,Li R,Qu M. One-dimensional finite difference model and numerical simulation for heat transfer of wall in Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(6):231-237(in Chinese)
[22]张鸿雁,张志政,王元,崔海航.流体力学[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2014:1-2Zhang H Y,Zhang Z Z,Wang Y,Cui H H.Fluid Mechanics[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2014:1-2(in Chinese)
[23]瞿亮,凌民,傅昱,蔡立军.基于MATLAB的控制系统计算机仿真[M].北京:清华大学出版社,北京交通大学出版社,2006QU L,LING M,FU Y,Cai L J.Computer Simulation of Control System Based on MATLAB[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,Beijing Jiaotong University Press,2006(in Chinese)
[24]张传坤.日光温室地面围护隔热层:中国,201620974735.9[P].2017-04-19Zhang C K.Heat-insulating layer around the soil of solar greenhouse:China,201620974735.9[P].2017-04-19(in Chinese)
[2]于威,王铁良,刘文合,白义奎,佟国红.日光温室地中热水管加温对土壤温度的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2014,45(3):321-325Yu W,Wang T L,Liu W H,Bai Y K,Tong G H.Soil temperature in solar greenhouse with buried hot water pipes[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2014,45(3):321-325(in Chinese)
[3]白义奎,迟道才,王铁良,赵岽,任冰洁.日光温室燃池:地中热交换系统加热效果的初步研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(10):178-181Bai Y K,Chi D C,Wang T L,Zhao D,Ren B J.Experimental research of heating by fire-pit and underground heating exchange system in a solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(10):178-181(in Chinese)
[4]冯玉龙,刘恩举,孟庆超.根系温度对植物的影响:根温对植物代谢的影响[J].东北林业大学学报1995,23(4):94-99Feng Y L,Liu E J,Meng Q C.Influence of temperature of root system on plant:Influence of root temperature on plant metabolism[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,1995,23(4):94-99(in Chinese)
[5]冯玉龙,刘恩举,孙国斌.根系温度对植物的影响:根温对植物生长及光合作用的影响(I)[J].东北林业大学学报1995,23(4):63-69Feng Y L,Liu E J,Sun G B.Influence of temperature of root system on plant(i):Influence of root temperature on plant growth and photosynthesis[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,1995,23(4):63-69(in Chinese)
[6]高国训,靳力争,郭富常,顾自豪.节能日光温室温度分布及其变化[J].天津农业科学,2001,7(1):33-36Gao G X,Jin L Z,Guo F C,Gu Z H.Temperature distribution and variation in saving solar greenhouse[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2001,7(1):33-36(in Chinese)
[7]张海鑫,塔娜,康宏源.日光温室边际土壤温度试验及模拟研究[J].北方园艺,2017(5):41-48Zhang H X,Tana,Kang H Y.Experiment and simulation of soil temperature at edge area in solar greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2017(5):41-48(in Chinese)
[8]陈端生.日光温室小气候环境及其调节[J].中国花卉园艺,2013(8):47-52Chen D S.Microclimate environment and its regulation in solar greenhouse[J].China Flower&Horticulture,2013(8),47-52(in Chinese)
[9]孙治强,孙丽,王谦,李胜利.日光温室土壤温度环境边际效应[J].农业工程学报,2009,20(5):150-155Sun Z Q,Sun L,Wang Q,Li S L.Marginal effect of the soil temperature environment in greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(5):150-155(in Chinese)
[10]商量.日光温室周边地温对室内地温的影响研究[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2016Shang L.The influence of ground temperature on indoor and outdoor temperature in solar greenhouse[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2016(in Chinese)
[11]郜庆炉,薛香,段爱旺.日光温室内温度特点及其变化规律研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(6):50-53Gao Q L,Xue X,Duan A W.Temperature characteristics and its changing laws within solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2003,22(6):50-53(in Chinese)
[12]白义奎,刘文合,柴宇,车忠仕,佟国红.防寒沟对日光温室横向地温的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(5-6):595-597Bai Y K,Liu W H,Chai Y,Che Z S,Tong G H.Effect of cold-proof ditch on soil temperature changes in horizontal in solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2014,35(5-6):595-597(in Chinese)
[13]佟国红,王铁良,白义奎,刘文合,于威,赵荣飞.日光温室土壤温度分布边际效应的数值模拟[J].北方园艺,2010(15):65-68Tong G H,Wang T L,Bai Y K,Liu W H,Yu W,Zhao R F.Numerical modeling of marginal effect on soil temperature distribution in a Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2010(15):65-68(in Chinese)
[14]王思倩,张志录,侯伟娜,易东海,孙治强.下沉式日光温室南侧边际区域土壤温度变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(8):235-240Wang S Q,Zhang Z L,Hou W N,Yi D H,Sun Z Q.Variation characteristics of soil temperature at south edge area in sinking-mode greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(8):235-240(in Chinese)
[15]张靖周,常海萍.传热学[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2015:81,60-61Zhang J Z,Chang H P.Heat Transmission Science[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2015:81,60-61(in Chinese)
[16]梁世彬,方曜奇,刘润杰,朱彻.玻璃化状态下胎面胶粒和胶粉非稳态导热的分析与计算[J].工程热物理学报,1996(S1),17:143-146Liang S B,Fang Y Q,Liu R J,Zhu C.Analysis of transient heat transfer of scrap tire peel and its fine powder below the glass transition temperature[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1996,17(S1):143-146(in Chinese)
[17]高兴勇,陆蕴香.大型圆柱体钢锭非稳态导热的集总热容法应用[J].锻压技术,2011,36(2):116-118Gao X Y,Lu Y X.Application of lumped heat capacity method to large-scale circular cylinder steel ingot unsteady state heat conduction[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2011,36(2):116-118(in Chinese)
[18]樊海兵,曲方,谢正文.非稳态导热理论在矿井原岩温度测定中的应用[J].中国计量学院学报,2008,19(3):233-236Fan H B,Qu F,Xie Z W. Virgin rock temperature measurement depending on unstable heat conduction[J].Journal of China Jiliang University,2008,19(3):233-236(in Chinese)
[19]韩小良.窑炉砌体非稳态导热时温度分布及蓄热量的计算[J].陶瓷,2002(6):29-32Han X L.Calculation of temperature distribution and heat storage during unsteady heat conduction of kiln masonry[J].Pottery and Porcelain,2002(6):29-32(in Chinese)
[20]胡智敏,曾令可,吴建青,刘振群.周期性变化边界条件下窑墙非稳态导热的数值模拟[J].硅酸盐通报,1997(4):4-9Hu Z M,Zeng L K,Wu J Q,Liu Z Q.Numerical simulation of unsteady heat transfer in kiln wall with periodically variational boundary conditions[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,1997(4):4-9(in Chinese)
[21]马承伟,陆海,李睿,曲梅.日光温室墙体传热的一维差分模型与数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):231-237Ma C W,Lu H,Li R,Qu M. One-dimensional finite difference model and numerical simulation for heat transfer of wall in Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(6):231-237(in Chinese)
[22]张鸿雁,张志政,王元,崔海航.流体力学[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2014:1-2Zhang H Y,Zhang Z Z,Wang Y,Cui H H.Fluid Mechanics[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2014:1-2(in Chinese)
[23]瞿亮,凌民,傅昱,蔡立军.基于MATLAB的控制系统计算机仿真[M].北京:清华大学出版社,北京交通大学出版社,2006QU L,LING M,FU Y,Cai L J.Computer Simulation of Control System Based on MATLAB[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,Beijing Jiaotong University Press,2006(in Chinese)
[24]张传坤.日光温室地面围护隔热层:中国,201620974735.9[P].2017-04-19Zhang C K.Heat-insulating layer around the soil of solar greenhouse:China,201620974735.9[P].2017-04-19(in Chinese)