平武县兴坪沟泥石流特征及其工程防治效果分析
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摘要
地震对地质环境的改变,产生的地质灾害效应会在5~10a或者更长的时间显现,汶川地震前后平武县发育泥石流数变化较大。根据多次现场调查,收集分析近8a的各类资料,对平武县地震前后发育泥石流情况及特征做了分析对比研究,对兴坪沟泥石流的基本特征、形成机制、近年来的发展演化情况以及工程防治效果进行详细分析,得出:(1)平武县境内因汶川地震诱发的泥石流灾害85%左右在地震后的5a内趋于稳定不再存在安全隐患;(2)兴坪沟因其物源极为丰富、主沟纵坡降较小、流域面积较大、支沟众多等特征目前还存在较大安全隐患;(3)兴坪沟泥石流防治工程效果良好;(4)下一步防治建议:在大沙坝段(距沟口1.1km处)修建单边防护堤,及时对郑家山滑坡进行工程治理,加强物源区耕地、弃渣管理,保护汇水区植被。
An earthquake can change the geological environment and show the geohazard effect within 5 to 10 years or even longer. The development numbers of debris flows in Pingwu County change a lot before and after Wenchuan earthquake. According to a series of investigation,by collecting and analyzing all kinds of data in the past 8 years,this paper tries to do a comparative research of the development situation and characteristics of debris flows before and after the earthquake in Pingwu County. It analyzes the basic features and debris flow mechanism and the evolution in recent years and engineering control effects. Then it finally gets the following conclusions.( 1) About85% debris flow disasters caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in Pingwu County are stable and have no potential safety hazard within 5 years after the earthquake.( 2) Because of its extremely rich source,the small main channel of longitudinal slope,the large watershed area and the large number of branches,there is still big debris flow risk in Xingping ditch.( 3) The effect of debris flow prevention engineering in Xingping ditch is good.( 4) Prevention and control recommendations are to build an unilateral protection embankment in the Dasha dam( from entrance ofthe ditch 1. 1km) and to stabilize Zhengjiashan Landslide.Engineering management in time,in order to strengthen the management of the provenance farmland and waste slag and protect the catchment vegetation.
An earthquake can change the geological environment and show the geohazard effect within 5 to 10 years or even longer. The development numbers of debris flows in Pingwu County change a lot before and after Wenchuan earthquake. According to a series of investigation,by collecting and analyzing all kinds of data in the past 8 years,this paper tries to do a comparative research of the development situation and characteristics of debris flows before and after the earthquake in Pingwu County. It analyzes the basic features and debris flow mechanism and the evolution in recent years and engineering control effects. Then it finally gets the following conclusions.( 1) About85% debris flow disasters caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in Pingwu County are stable and have no potential safety hazard within 5 years after the earthquake.( 2) Because of its extremely rich source,the small main channel of longitudinal slope,the large watershed area and the large number of branches,there is still big debris flow risk in Xingping ditch.( 3) The effect of debris flow prevention engineering in Xingping ditch is good.( 4) Prevention and control recommendations are to build an unilateral protection embankment in the Dasha dam( from entrance ofthe ditch 1. 1km) and to stabilize Zhengjiashan Landslide.Engineering management in time,in order to strengthen the management of the provenance farmland and waste slag and protect the catchment vegetation.
引文
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Gan J J,Sun H Y,Huang R Q,et al.2012.Study on mechanism of formation and river blocking of Hongchuangou giant debris flow at Yingxiu of Wenchuan County[J].Journal of Catastrophology,27(1):5~9,16.
Gou F G.2012.The analysis of the development rules and risk of landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology.
Jiang Y Y.2010.Formation conditions and distribution law of debris flow in the nine railway[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology.
Jiang Z F.1996.Geological hazards,their forming conditions and control along Sichuan-Xi Zang highway[J].Acta Geological Sichuan,16(3):244~249.
Li D H,Xu X N,Ji F,et al.2013.Engineering management and its effect of large debris flow at Hongchun valley in Yingxiu town Wenchuan county[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,21(2):260~268.
Li Y,Qu X Y,Fang H,et al.2013.A study of comprehensive evaluation index system and methods for geo-harzard[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,40(5):129~132.
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Wang C X,Liu L N,Ren Z S,el al.2012.Study on the formation and dynamic characteristics of debris flow of three Chahe[J].Gansu Water Conservancy and Hydropower Technology,48(3):25~29,32.
Wang N Q,Han B,Pang Q,et al.2015.Post-Evaluation model on effectiveness of debris flow control[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(2):219~226.
Xu Q.2010.The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flows in Sichuan province:Characteristic,genetic mechanism and suggestions[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,18(5):596~608.
Zhang C M,Wang G X.2008.Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake disaster on ecosystem and its spatial pattern:ease study of Qingehuan,Pingwuand Maoxian counties[J].Aeta Ecologica Sinica,28(12):5833~5841.
崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.2008.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].中国科学院院刊,23(4):317~323.
甘建军,孙海燕,黄润秋,等.2012.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大型泥石流形成机制及堵江机理研究[J].灾害学,27(1):5~9,16.
苟富刚.2012,汶川地震滑坡发育规律及危险性分析[D].成都:成都理工大学.
蒋瑜阳.2010.成九铁路泥石流形成条件与分布规律研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.
姜泽凡.1996.川藏公路沿线地质灾害及其形成条件与整治对策[J].四川地质学报,16(3):244~249.
李德华,许向宁,吉峰,等.2013.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大泥石流工程防治及初步效果分析[J].工程地质学报,21(2):260~268.
李媛,曲雪妍,房浩,等.2013.地质灾害综合评价指标体系和评价方法研究[J].水文地质工程地质,40(5):129~132.
王成喜,刘丽娜,任中山,等.2012.三岔口河泥石流形成条件及运动特征研究[J].甘肃水利水电技术,48(3):25~29,32.
王念秦,韩波,庞琦,等.2015.泥石流防治工程效果后评价初探[J]工程地质学报,23(2):219~226.
许强.2010.四川省8·13特大泥石流灾害特点、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报,18(5):596~608.
张春敏,王根绪.2008.汶川大地震灾害对区域生态系统的影响---以青川、平武和茂县为例[J].生态学报,28(12):5833~5841.
Gan J J,Sun H Y,Huang R Q,et al.2012.Study on mechanism of formation and river blocking of Hongchuangou giant debris flow at Yingxiu of Wenchuan County[J].Journal of Catastrophology,27(1):5~9,16.
Gou F G.2012.The analysis of the development rules and risk of landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology.
Jiang Y Y.2010.Formation conditions and distribution law of debris flow in the nine railway[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology.
Jiang Z F.1996.Geological hazards,their forming conditions and control along Sichuan-Xi Zang highway[J].Acta Geological Sichuan,16(3):244~249.
Li D H,Xu X N,Ji F,et al.2013.Engineering management and its effect of large debris flow at Hongchun valley in Yingxiu town Wenchuan county[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,21(2):260~268.
Li Y,Qu X Y,Fang H,et al.2013.A study of comprehensive evaluation index system and methods for geo-harzard[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,40(5):129~132.
Li Y F,Wang Z Y,Shi W J,et al.2010.Slope Debris Flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake Area[J].Journal of Mountain Science,7(3):226~233.
Wang C X,Liu L N,Ren Z S,el al.2012.Study on the formation and dynamic characteristics of debris flow of three Chahe[J].Gansu Water Conservancy and Hydropower Technology,48(3):25~29,32.
Wang N Q,Han B,Pang Q,et al.2015.Post-Evaluation model on effectiveness of debris flow control[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(2):219~226.
Xu Q.2010.The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flows in Sichuan province:Characteristic,genetic mechanism and suggestions[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,18(5):596~608.
Zhang C M,Wang G X.2008.Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake disaster on ecosystem and its spatial pattern:ease study of Qingehuan,Pingwuand Maoxian counties[J].Aeta Ecologica Sinica,28(12):5833~5841.
崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.2008.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].中国科学院院刊,23(4):317~323.
甘建军,孙海燕,黄润秋,等.2012.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大型泥石流形成机制及堵江机理研究[J].灾害学,27(1):5~9,16.
苟富刚.2012,汶川地震滑坡发育规律及危险性分析[D].成都:成都理工大学.
蒋瑜阳.2010.成九铁路泥石流形成条件与分布规律研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.
姜泽凡.1996.川藏公路沿线地质灾害及其形成条件与整治对策[J].四川地质学报,16(3):244~249.
李德华,许向宁,吉峰,等.2013.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大泥石流工程防治及初步效果分析[J].工程地质学报,21(2):260~268.
李媛,曲雪妍,房浩,等.2013.地质灾害综合评价指标体系和评价方法研究[J].水文地质工程地质,40(5):129~132.
王成喜,刘丽娜,任中山,等.2012.三岔口河泥石流形成条件及运动特征研究[J].甘肃水利水电技术,48(3):25~29,32.
王念秦,韩波,庞琦,等.2015.泥石流防治工程效果后评价初探[J]工程地质学报,23(2):219~226.
许强.2010.四川省8·13特大泥石流灾害特点、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报,18(5):596~608.
张春敏,王根绪.2008.汶川大地震灾害对区域生态系统的影响---以青川、平武和茂县为例[J].生态学报,28(12):5833~5841.