泌乳初期奶牛相关脂肪因子及生理生化指标与脂肪肝的相关性
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摘要
为探究泌乳初期奶牛血清脂肪因子及生理生化指标与脂肪肝的相关性,选取四川某规模化奶牛场1～4胎围产期奶牛64头,分别于产后第7、14天早饲前尾静脉采血,检测产后第14天奶牛血清谷草转氨酶、血糖、游离脂肪酸水平,根据脂肪肝判定公式判定是否发生脂肪肝,检测并分析血清脂肪因子及生理生化指标与肝功能指标和能量代谢指标之间的相关性。结果显示,脂肪肝奶牛血清瘦素、脂联素水平显著低于健康奶牛(P<0.05),TNF-α水平显著高于健康奶牛(P<0.05),IL-6水平差异不显著(P>0.05)。瘦素水平与血糖、白蛋白呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与游离脂肪酸、β-羟基丁酸、谷草转氨酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、总蛋白呈显著负相关(P<0.05),提示泌乳初期奶牛能量负平衡是脂肪肝发生的重要原因。脂联素水平与游离脂肪酸、β-羟基丁酸、谷草转氨酶呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与总蛋白、白蛋白呈显著正相关(P<0.05),提示泌乳初期脂肪肝奶牛存在着明显的肝功能损伤与脂质代谢紊乱。TNF-α水平与总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷丙转氨酶呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与血糖、白蛋白呈显著负相关(P<0.05);IL-6水平与谷丙转氨酶呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与总蛋白、白蛋白呈显著负相关(P<0.05),提示泌乳初期脂肪肝奶牛存在着明显的炎性反应。血清瘦素与脂联素水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与TNF-α呈显著负相关(P<0.05);TNF-α与脂联素呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与IL-6呈显著正相关(P<0.05),提示泌乳初期脂肪肝奶牛存在着糖脂代谢调控紊乱。综上所述,泌乳初期奶牛能量负平衡导致体脂动员,使得奶牛血清脂联素和瘦素水平下降,造成大量脂质合成于肝脏,肝脏功能受损,诱发炎性反应,TNF-α与IL-6水平随之上升,进而导致奶牛脂肪肝的发生,脂联素、瘦素和TNF-α可作为预测产后奶牛脂肪肝发生的指标。
To explore correlations between adipokine, biochemical indicators in early lactation cows with fatty liver, 64 perinatal Chinese Holstein cows from a farm in Sichuan province were used in the present study. Tail vein blood was collected before morning feeding on 7 and 14 days after delivery, serum AST, Glu and NEFA levels of 14 days after delivery were tested. According to fatty liver determination formula, cows were grouped into fatty liver group and control group. Some adipokine and biochemical indicators were tested and their correlations with liver function indexes and energy metabolism indexes were analyzed. The results showed that leptin, adiponectin level of fatty liver early lactation cows were significantly lower than the normal group(P<0.05). TNF-α level of fatty liver early lactation cows was significantly higher than the normal group(P<0.05), IL-6 level appeared no significant difference between fatty liver cows and normal cows(P>0.05). Leptin had significant positive correlations with Glu and ALB levels(P<0.05), significant negative correlations with AST, TBIL, DBIL, TP, NEFA and BHBA levels(P<0.05), indicated that negative energy balance was an important factor of fatty liver. Adiponectin level had significant negative correlations with NEFA, BHBA and AST(P<0.05), significant positive correlations between TP and ALB(P<0.05), speculating liver function and energy metabolism disorders were occurred in fatty liver early lactation cows. TNF-α level had significant positive correlations with TBIL,DBIL and ALT levels(P<0.05), significant negative correlations with Glu and ALB(P<0.05). IL-6 level had a significant positive correlation with ALT level(P<0.05), significant negative correlations with TP and ALB levels(P<0.05), showed that obvious inflammatory stress was appeared in fatty liver cows. Leptin levels showed a significant positive correlation with adiponectin level(P<0.05), significant negative correlation with IL-6 levels, speculating metabolism regulation disorder in fatty liver cows. In summary, the negative energy balance of early lactation cows induced body fat mobilization and downregulated adiponectin and leptin levels, causing lipids accumulate in liver and damaged liver function and triggered inflammatory stress, rising IL-6 and TNF-α levels and induced fatty liver, adiponectin. Thus, leptin and TNF-α levels could be able to be a predicative index of fatty liver in early lactation cows.
To explore correlations between adipokine, biochemical indicators in early lactation cows with fatty liver, 64 perinatal Chinese Holstein cows from a farm in Sichuan province were used in the present study. Tail vein blood was collected before morning feeding on 7 and 14 days after delivery, serum AST, Glu and NEFA levels of 14 days after delivery were tested. According to fatty liver determination formula, cows were grouped into fatty liver group and control group. Some adipokine and biochemical indicators were tested and their correlations with liver function indexes and energy metabolism indexes were analyzed. The results showed that leptin, adiponectin level of fatty liver early lactation cows were significantly lower than the normal group(P<0.05). TNF-α level of fatty liver early lactation cows was significantly higher than the normal group(P<0.05), IL-6 level appeared no significant difference between fatty liver cows and normal cows(P>0.05). Leptin had significant positive correlations with Glu and ALB levels(P<0.05), significant negative correlations with AST, TBIL, DBIL, TP, NEFA and BHBA levels(P<0.05), indicated that negative energy balance was an important factor of fatty liver. Adiponectin level had significant negative correlations with NEFA, BHBA and AST(P<0.05), significant positive correlations between TP and ALB(P<0.05), speculating liver function and energy metabolism disorders were occurred in fatty liver early lactation cows. TNF-α level had significant positive correlations with TBIL,DBIL and ALT levels(P<0.05), significant negative correlations with Glu and ALB(P<0.05). IL-6 level had a significant positive correlation with ALT level(P<0.05), significant negative correlations with TP and ALB levels(P<0.05), showed that obvious inflammatory stress was appeared in fatty liver cows. Leptin levels showed a significant positive correlation with adiponectin level(P<0.05), significant negative correlation with IL-6 levels, speculating metabolism regulation disorder in fatty liver cows. In summary, the negative energy balance of early lactation cows induced body fat mobilization and downregulated adiponectin and leptin levels, causing lipids accumulate in liver and damaged liver function and triggered inflammatory stress, rising IL-6 and TNF-α levels and induced fatty liver, adiponectin. Thus, leptin and TNF-α levels could be able to be a predicative index of fatty liver in early lactation cows.
引文
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[3] KALAITZAKIS E ,PANOUSIS N ,ROUBIES N,et al.Clinicopathological evaluation of downer dairy cows with fatty liver[J].Canadian veterinary journal,2010,51(51):615-622.
[4] THARWAT M,ENDOH D,OIKAWA S.Hepatocyte apoptosis in dairy cows with fatty infiltration of the liver[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2012,93(3):1281-1286.
[5] 张庆华,柴旭,冯志伟.奶牛脂肪肝病因及防治研究进展[J].饲料博览,2011(12):42-44.ZHANG Q H,CHAI X,FENG Z W.Research progress on etiology and management fatty liver of dairy cow[J].Feed Review,2011(12):42-44.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] KIRSHENBAUM L A.Regulation of autophagy in the heart in health and disease[J].Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology,2012,60(2):109.
[7] SHARMA D,WANG J,FU P P,et al.Adiponectin antagonizes the oncogenic actions of leptin in hepatocellular carcinogenesis[J].Hepatology,2010,52(5):1713-1722.
[8] BUGIANESI E,PAGOTTO U,MANINI R,et al.Plasma adiponectin in nonalcoholic fatty liver is related to hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic fat content,not to liver disease severity[J].The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,2005,90(6):3498-3504.
[9] TARGHER G,BERTOLINI L,RODELLA S,et al.NASH predicts plasma inflammatory biomarkers independently of visceral fat in men[J].Obesity,2008,16(6):1394-1399.
[10] REID I M,DEW S M,COLLINS R A,et al.The relationship between fatty liver and fertility in dairy cows:a farm investigation[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1983,101(2):499-502.
[11] KELESIDIS T.Narrative review:the role of leptin in human physiology:emerging clinical applications[J].Annals of Internal Medicine,2010,152(2):93-100.
[12] JIME' NEZ B,MONTOLIU C,MACINTYRE D A,et al.Serum metabolic signature of minimal hepatic encephalopathy By1h-nuclear magnetic resonance[J].Journal of Proteome Research,2010,9(10):5180-5187.
[13] GRUMMER R R,MASHEK D G,HAYIRLI A.Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period[J].Veterinary Clinics of North America:Food Animal Practice,2004,20(3):447-470.
[14] FRANCISCO C C,CHAMBERLAIN C S,WALDNER D N,et al.Propionibacteria fed to dairy cows:effects on energy balance,plasma metabolites and hormones,and reproduction[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(7):1738-1751.
[15] LIEFERS S C,VEERKAMP R F,TE PAS M F W,et al.Leptin concentrations in relation to energy balance,milk yield,intake,live weight,and estrus in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(3):799-807.
[16] 郑家三,夏成,张洪友,等.瘦素与奶牛泌乳早期能量平衡和生殖机能的关系[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(3):75-82.ZHENG J S,XIA C,ZHANG H Y,et al.Correlation between leptin with energy balance and reproductive function of dairy cows during the early lactation[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2010,15(3):75-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] 何宝祥,廖艳娟,黄静,等.奶牛部分肝功能指标检测及其与血酮的相关性[J].中国兽医杂志,2007,43(3):24-25.HE B X,LIAO Y J,HUANG J,et al.Study on liver function indexes and its correlation with serum ketone in dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2007,43(3):24-25.(in Chinese)
[18] MALLOY P,THRANE S,WINSTON T,et al.Do nurses who care for patients in palliative and end-of-life settings perform good self-care?[J].Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing,2013,15(2):99-106.
[19] UNGER T.Bj?rn fokow award lecture the angiotensin type 2 receptor[J].Journal of Hypertension,1999,17(12):1775-1786.
[20] JIANG L,WANG Q,YU Y,et al.Leptin contributes to the adaptive responses of mice to high-fat diet intake through suppressing the lipogenic pathway[J].PLoS One,2009,4(9):e6884.
[21] OKAMATSU K,TAKEUCHI M,NAKAI H,et al.Effects of aging on left atrial function assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography[J].Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography,2009,22(1):70-75.
[22] YAMAUCHI T,NIO Y,MAKI T,et al.Targeted disruption of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 causes abrogation of adiponectin binding and metabolic actions[J].Nature Medicine,2007,13(3):332-339.
[23] GOLDSTEIN B,FAEDER J R,HLAVACEK W S.Mathematical and computational models of immune-receptor signalling[J].Nature Reviews Immunology,2004,4(6):445-456.
[24] JARRAR M H,BARANOVA A,COLLANTES R,et al.Adipokines and cytokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[J].Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics,2007,27(5):412-421.
[25] HUI J M,FARRELL G C,KENCH J G,et al.High sensitivity C-reactive protein values do not reliably predict the severity of histological changes in NAFLD[J].Hepatology,2004,39(5):1458-1459.
[26] KAMADA Y,MATSUMOTO H,TAMURA S,et al.Hypoadiponectinemia accelerates hepatic tumor formation in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model[J].Journal of Hepatology,2007,47(4):556-564.
[27] ZOU C C,LIANG L,HONG F,et al.Serum adiponectin,resistin levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children[J].Endocrine Journal,2005,52(5):519-524.
[28] LAVOIE F,FRISCH F,BRASSARD P,et al.Elevation of Plasma Free Fatty Acids (FFA) reduces circulating high molecular weight adiponectin (HMWAd)[J].Diabetes,2007,56:A367.
[29] 张辉,窦凤鸣,丛立新,等.脂肪细胞因子脂联素与围产期奶牛脂肪动员关系[J].畜牧与兽医,2009,41(5):56-58.ZHANG H,DOU F M,CONG L X,et al.Study on relationship between adipocytokine adiponectin and perinatal fat mobilization in cows[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2009,41(5):56-58.(in Chinese)
[30] YOKOYAMA H,HIROSE H,OHGO H,et al.Inverse association between serum adiponectin level and transaminase activities in Japanese male workers[J].Journal of Hepatology,2004,41(1):19-24.
[31] KUSUMAWATI N R,MEXITALIA M,ROMADHONA S,et al.Aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index,adiponectin and body mass index in children with fatty liver[J].International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology,2013,2013(S1):P107.
[32] 白莲梅,马玉珍,王清莲.TNF-a瘦素与非酒精性脂肪性肝病发生发展相关性的研究进展[J].内蒙古医学杂志,2012,44(9):1086-1088.BAI L M,MA Y Z,WANG Q L.Research progress on the correlation between TNF-a leptin and the occurrence and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[J].Inner Mongolia Medical Journal,2012,44(9):1086-1088.(in Chinese)
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