明代耀州诗人王图考
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摘要
王图(1557—1627)是明代中后期西安府耀州诗人,官至礼部尚书兼翰林院学士。为官清正,著述丰富。所撰《文集》《奏议》《文体颇评》《史记侧》《讲筵日录》《玉堂制草》《颕客偶谈》诸集今皆散佚,鲜为学界关注。明崇祯刻本《周雅续》及明清地方志中保留王图诗作共121首,内容涉及个人抒怀、咏物言志、纪游览胜、酬唱赠答等题材。兹以存世作品为内证,以史传志书记载为外证,对王图的生平、著述、交游等逐一考证,为明代地域文学及明代诗歌史等领域的相关研究提供参考。
Wang Tu(1557-1627) was a poet of Yao State belonging to Xi'an City in Ming Dynasty. He served as the Minister of Ministry of Rites and Hanlin Academician. He was upright in office and rich in writings. Most of his many works had been lost, such as his collected works, Memorials to the Emperor, Comments on Some Writings, An Annotation to Historical Records, Daily Thoughts, Yutangzhicao, Yingkeoutan. He was barely noticed by the Chinese literary circle. Now there are 121 poems left in Zhouyaxu published in Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty and local chronicles of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The contents present his feelings, express his ambition, depict his travel notes and include his words of advice. By studying his works and the records of local chronicles and historical books, this paper makes a comprehensive search of Wang Tu's family, life, works and friends-making so as to provide a reference for the related research in Ming Dynasty's regional literature and history of poetry sphere.
Wang Tu(1557-1627) was a poet of Yao State belonging to Xi'an City in Ming Dynasty. He served as the Minister of Ministry of Rites and Hanlin Academician. He was upright in office and rich in writings. Most of his many works had been lost, such as his collected works, Memorials to the Emperor, Comments on Some Writings, An Annotation to Historical Records, Daily Thoughts, Yutangzhicao, Yingkeoutan. He was barely noticed by the Chinese literary circle. Now there are 121 poems left in Zhouyaxu published in Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty and local chronicles of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The contents present his feelings, express his ambition, depict his travel notes and include his words of advice. By studying his works and the records of local chronicles and historical books, this paper makes a comprehensive search of Wang Tu's family, life, works and friends-making so as to provide a reference for the related research in Ming Dynasty's regional literature and history of poetry sphere.
引文
[1] 钱谦益.钱牧斋全集:第二册[M].钱曾,笺注.上海:上海古籍出版社,2003.
[2] 沈青崖.(雍正)陕西通志[M]//影印文渊阁四库全书:第554册.北京:北京出版社,2012.
[3] 王庭譔.松门稿[M]//四库全书存目丛书:集部167册.济南:齐鲁书社,1997.
[4] 钟研斋.(乾隆)续耀州志[M]//中国地方志集成·陕西府县志辑:第27册.南京:凤凰出版社,2007.
[5] 张廷玉,等.明史:第十九册[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[6] 赵金丹.明崇祯刻本《周雅续》三考[J].汕头大学学报(人文社会科学版),2016(2):47-52.
[7] 赵金丹.明代渭南诗人南宪仲生平著述考[J].渭南师范学院学报,2018(3):92-97.
[8] 沈青崖.(雍正)陕西通志[M]//影印文渊阁四库全书:第555册.北京:北京出版社,2012.
(1)钱谦益《王公行状》云王国之母为雷氏,当误。据王庭譔《王母党孺人墓志铭》可知,雷氏为王邦宪元配,无子早卒。
(2)案,钱谦益《王公行状》云:“丙子举乡试第一,丙戌举进士,选翰林院庶吉士。”据此知王图考中进士的时间为万历十四年。《明清进士题名碑录索引》、《明三元考》、《周雅续》之《王图小传》等史料亦皆载王图为万历十四年进士。而清万斯同《明史》卷三三六、清张廷玉等《明史》卷二一六则云王图为万历十一年进士。又,《皇明贡举考》所收录的最后一科会试为万历十一年癸未科,此科进士的名单中没有王图。综上可知,王图乃万历十四年进士,清万斯同《明史》、清张廷玉等《明史》之记载有误。
(3)据《明神宗实录》卷四六七“万历三十八年二月乙卯”条记载,万历三十年庚戌科会试主试官为薛云举与王图,而明张弘道《明三元考》卷十四则云:“万历三十八年庚戌科大魁中式三百名,主试官吏部侍郎兼侍读学士萧云举,丙戌进士;掌翰林院事吏部侍郎王国,丁丑进士。”《明史》卷二一六《王图传》《王公行状》皆言王图其主庚戌会试,又,“掌翰林院事”“吏部侍郎”等职与王图身份相符,而王国历官御史、兵部侍郎等职,未曾任翰林、吏部侍郎,故可知《明三元考》所载之“王国”,乃“王图”之误。
(4)如《寄怀伯兄》《再寄伯兄并述乡思》。
(5)如《过慈寿寺赠超如上人》《赠独空上人住持隆庆寺》《赠静修上人》《送葛山人壶春归楚中》《题修吾王孙宴坐斋》《题修吾王孙好修堂》《题修吾王孙最乐处》。
[2] 沈青崖.(雍正)陕西通志[M]//影印文渊阁四库全书:第554册.北京:北京出版社,2012.
[3] 王庭譔.松门稿[M]//四库全书存目丛书:集部167册.济南:齐鲁书社,1997.
[4] 钟研斋.(乾隆)续耀州志[M]//中国地方志集成·陕西府县志辑:第27册.南京:凤凰出版社,2007.
[5] 张廷玉,等.明史:第十九册[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[6] 赵金丹.明崇祯刻本《周雅续》三考[J].汕头大学学报(人文社会科学版),2016(2):47-52.
[7] 赵金丹.明代渭南诗人南宪仲生平著述考[J].渭南师范学院学报,2018(3):92-97.
[8] 沈青崖.(雍正)陕西通志[M]//影印文渊阁四库全书:第555册.北京:北京出版社,2012.
(1)钱谦益《王公行状》云王国之母为雷氏,当误。据王庭譔《王母党孺人墓志铭》可知,雷氏为王邦宪元配,无子早卒。
(2)案,钱谦益《王公行状》云:“丙子举乡试第一,丙戌举进士,选翰林院庶吉士。”据此知王图考中进士的时间为万历十四年。《明清进士题名碑录索引》、《明三元考》、《周雅续》之《王图小传》等史料亦皆载王图为万历十四年进士。而清万斯同《明史》卷三三六、清张廷玉等《明史》卷二一六则云王图为万历十一年进士。又,《皇明贡举考》所收录的最后一科会试为万历十一年癸未科,此科进士的名单中没有王图。综上可知,王图乃万历十四年进士,清万斯同《明史》、清张廷玉等《明史》之记载有误。
(3)据《明神宗实录》卷四六七“万历三十八年二月乙卯”条记载,万历三十年庚戌科会试主试官为薛云举与王图,而明张弘道《明三元考》卷十四则云:“万历三十八年庚戌科大魁中式三百名,主试官吏部侍郎兼侍读学士萧云举,丙戌进士;掌翰林院事吏部侍郎王国,丁丑进士。”《明史》卷二一六《王图传》《王公行状》皆言王图其主庚戌会试,又,“掌翰林院事”“吏部侍郎”等职与王图身份相符,而王国历官御史、兵部侍郎等职,未曾任翰林、吏部侍郎,故可知《明三元考》所载之“王国”,乃“王图”之误。
(4)如《寄怀伯兄》《再寄伯兄并述乡思》。
(5)如《过慈寿寺赠超如上人》《赠独空上人住持隆庆寺》《赠静修上人》《送葛山人壶春归楚中》《题修吾王孙宴坐斋》《题修吾王孙好修堂》《题修吾王孙最乐处》。