碳酸钠对白钨矿自载体浮选的影响及机理
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摘要
-10μm白钨矿的浮选回收率低,导致大量白钨矿损失于尾矿中,造成资源浪费,而载体浮选是提高-10μm白钨矿回收率的有效方法之一.根据粒级以及粒级组成对白钨矿浮选的影响,通过浮选试验、理论计算和仪器检测等方法研究了-10μm细粒级白钨矿的自载体浮选,同时研究了载体比例、载体含量和碳酸钠对白钨矿自载体浮选的影响.研究结果表明,油酸钠为捕收剂时,在合适的载体粒度和载体比例下,自载体浮选是提高-10μm白钨矿回收率的有效方法,碳酸钠可强化白钨矿的自载体浮选,扩大载体比例和载体粒度范围.机理研究表明,白钨矿颗粒间存在引力,使-10μm细粒级白钨矿黏附于载体颗粒上,且疏水性作用是白钨矿发生团聚的主要原因.加入碳酸钠后有利于促进油酸钠在白钨矿表面的吸附,增加颗粒间的疏水力,进而可提高白钨矿的自载体浮选效果.
Because of the low recovery of-10 μm fine scheelite particles in scheelite flotation,some amount of fine scheelite is lost in the tailing,resulting in the wasting of scheelite resources. It is urgently needed to solve the problems inherent in fine scheelite flotation and explore new processes of fine ores to effectively recover fine scheelite. The carrier flotation has proven to be an effective method of improving the recovery of scheelite by promoting the recovery of fine particles. Based on studies of the effect of particle size and particle fraction on scheelite flotation,the application of auto-carrier flotation in the recovery of-10 μm scheelite using sodium carbonate in both the presence and absence of sodium carbonate were studied. The effect of percentage carrier,particle size of carrier,and sodium carbonate on the auto-carrier flotation of scheelite were also studied through flotation tests,theoretical calculation,and instrument testing. The results indicate that the contents and particle size of coarse particles exert significant influence on auto-carrier flotation. The recovery of fine scheelite with a size of-10 μm is increased by using auto-carrier flotation with the proper carrier percentage and size. The addition of sodium carbonate strengthens the carrier flotation of scheelite and therefore improves the scheelite recovery. Furthermore,the addition of sodium carbonate can also expand the percentage and particle size range of carrier mineral. The results of mechanism studies indicate that there exists interaction among scheelite particles,which results in the adhesion of fine particle to carrier. The hydrophobic force is the main reason that the scheelite particles attracted each other,and the addition of sodium carbonateincreases the adsorption of sodium oleate onto the scheelite surface,thereby improving the hydrophobicity of scheelite and the hydrophobic force among scheelite particles. It can be concluded that the auto-carrier flotation of scheelite can be improved by adding sodium carbonate.
Because of the low recovery of-10 μm fine scheelite particles in scheelite flotation,some amount of fine scheelite is lost in the tailing,resulting in the wasting of scheelite resources. It is urgently needed to solve the problems inherent in fine scheelite flotation and explore new processes of fine ores to effectively recover fine scheelite. The carrier flotation has proven to be an effective method of improving the recovery of scheelite by promoting the recovery of fine particles. Based on studies of the effect of particle size and particle fraction on scheelite flotation,the application of auto-carrier flotation in the recovery of-10 μm scheelite using sodium carbonate in both the presence and absence of sodium carbonate were studied. The effect of percentage carrier,particle size of carrier,and sodium carbonate on the auto-carrier flotation of scheelite were also studied through flotation tests,theoretical calculation,and instrument testing. The results indicate that the contents and particle size of coarse particles exert significant influence on auto-carrier flotation. The recovery of fine scheelite with a size of-10 μm is increased by using auto-carrier flotation with the proper carrier percentage and size. The addition of sodium carbonate strengthens the carrier flotation of scheelite and therefore improves the scheelite recovery. Furthermore,the addition of sodium carbonate can also expand the percentage and particle size range of carrier mineral. The results of mechanism studies indicate that there exists interaction among scheelite particles,which results in the adhesion of fine particle to carrier. The hydrophobic force is the main reason that the scheelite particles attracted each other,and the addition of sodium carbonateincreases the adsorption of sodium oleate onto the scheelite surface,thereby improving the hydrophobicity of scheelite and the hydrophobic force among scheelite particles. It can be concluded that the auto-carrier flotation of scheelite can be improved by adding sodium carbonate.
引文
[1] Liu C,Feng Q M,Zhang G F,et al. Effect of depressants in the selective flotation of scheelite and calcite using oxidized paraffin soap as collector. Int J Miner Process,2016,157:210
[2] Yin W Z,Wang J Z. Effects of particle size and particle interactions on scheelite flotation. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China,2014,24(11):3682
[3] Rubio J,Capponi F,Rodrigues R T,et al. Enhanced flotation of sulfide fines using the emulsified oil extender technique. Int J Miner Process,2007,84(1-4):41
[4] Wang D Z. New Development in Flotation Theory. Beijing:Science Press,1992(王淀佐.浮选理论的新进展.北京:科学出版社,1992)
[5] Qiu G Z,Hu Y H,Wang D Z. Interactions between Particles and Flotation of Fine Particles. Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,1993(邱冠周,胡岳华,王淀佐.颗粒间相互作用与细粒浮选.长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1993)
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[7] Zhu Y G,Zhang G F,Feng Q M,et al. Autogenous-carrier flotation of fine ilmenite. Chin J Nonferrous Met,2009,19(3):554(朱阳戈,张国范,冯其明,等.微细粒钛铁矿的自载体浮选.中国有色金属学报,2009,19(3):554)
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[10] Ate爧ok G,Boylu F,elǐk M S. Carrier flotation for desulfurization and deashing of difficult-to-float coals. Miner Eng,2001,14(6):661
[11] Xiao J,Chen D X. Flotation of micro-fine scheelite by applying polystyrene as carrier. China Tungsten Ind,2015,30(6):14(肖骏,陈代雄.聚苯乙烯载体浮选微细粒白钨矿研究.中国钨业,2015,30(6):14)
[12] Chen X Z. Study on Process and Mechanism Research of Carrier Flotation of Fine Scheelite Used with Hydrophobic Polymers[Dissertation]. Changsha:Central South University,2014(陈秀珍.疏水性聚合物对细粒级白钨矿载体浮选工艺和机理研究[学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2014)
[13] Wang J Z,Yin W Z,Li Z. The mechanism and comparison of flotation behavior of scheelite and calcite. Conservation Util Miner Resour,2016(4):37(王纪镇,印万忠,李振.白钨矿与方解石浮选行为的差异及其机理研究.矿产保护与利用,2016(4):37)
[14] Shen H T,Gong Z G. The mechanism and method to eliminate the influence of calcite on scheelite flotation. Hunan Nonferrous Met,1996,12(2):36(沈慧庭,宫中桂.白钨矿浮选中方解石的影响及消除影响的方法和机理研究.湖南有色金属,1996,12(2):36)
[15] Chen C. Study on the Influence of Inorganic Anions on the Flotation Behavior of Three Typical Calcium Minerals and Its Mechanism of Action[Dissertation]. Changsha:Central South University,2011(陈臣.无机阴离子对三种典型含钙盐类矿物浮选行为影响及作用机制[学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2011)
[16] Sun W,Chen C,Tang H H. Effects and action mechanism of CO2-3on flotation rate of calcite. J China Univ Min Technol,2012,41(1):48(孙伟,陈臣,唐鸿鹄.碳酸根对方解石浮选速率的影响及机理研究.中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(1):48)
[17] Marinakis K I,Kelsall G H. The surface chemical properties of scheelite(CaWO4)I. The scheelite/water interface and CaWO4solubility. Colloids Surf,1987,25(2-4):369
[18] Zhao Z W,Cao C F,Li H G. Thermodynamics on soda decomposition of scheelite. Chin JNonferrous Met,2008,18(2):356(赵中伟,曹才放,李洪桂.碳酸钠分解白钨矿的热力学分析.中国有色金属学报,2008,18(2):356)
[19] Shi Q,Zhang G F,Feng Q M,et al. Effect of solution chemistry on the flotation system of smithsonite and calcite. Int J Miner Process,2013,119:34
[20] Feng B,Lu Y P,Weng C J. Dispersion mechanism of carbonate on flotation system of serpentine and pyrite. J Central S Univ Sci Technol,2016,47(4):1085(冯博,卢毅屏,翁存建.碳酸根对蛇纹石/黄铁矿浮选体系的分散作用机理.中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(4):1085)
[2] Yin W Z,Wang J Z. Effects of particle size and particle interactions on scheelite flotation. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China,2014,24(11):3682
[3] Rubio J,Capponi F,Rodrigues R T,et al. Enhanced flotation of sulfide fines using the emulsified oil extender technique. Int J Miner Process,2007,84(1-4):41
[4] Wang D Z. New Development in Flotation Theory. Beijing:Science Press,1992(王淀佐.浮选理论的新进展.北京:科学出版社,1992)
[5] Qiu G Z,Hu Y H,Wang D Z. Interactions between Particles and Flotation of Fine Particles. Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,1993(邱冠周,胡岳华,王淀佐.颗粒间相互作用与细粒浮选.长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1993)
[6] Koh P T L,Schwarz M P. CFD modeling of bubble-particle collision rates and deficiencies in a flotation cell. Miner Eng,2003,16(11):1055
[7] Zhu Y G,Zhang G F,Feng Q M,et al. Autogenous-carrier flotation of fine ilmenite. Chin J Nonferrous Met,2009,19(3):554(朱阳戈,张国范,冯其明,等.微细粒钛铁矿的自载体浮选.中国有色金属学报,2009,19(3):554)
[8] Valderrama L,Rubio J. High intensity conditioning and the carrier flotation of gold fine particles. Int J Miner Process,1998,52(4):273
[9] Lange A G,Skinner W M,Smart R S C. Fine:Coarse particle interactions and aggregation in sphalerite flotation. Miner Eng,1997,10(7):681
[10] Ate爧ok G,Boylu F,elǐk M S. Carrier flotation for desulfurization and deashing of difficult-to-float coals. Miner Eng,2001,14(6):661
[11] Xiao J,Chen D X. Flotation of micro-fine scheelite by applying polystyrene as carrier. China Tungsten Ind,2015,30(6):14(肖骏,陈代雄.聚苯乙烯载体浮选微细粒白钨矿研究.中国钨业,2015,30(6):14)
[12] Chen X Z. Study on Process and Mechanism Research of Carrier Flotation of Fine Scheelite Used with Hydrophobic Polymers[Dissertation]. Changsha:Central South University,2014(陈秀珍.疏水性聚合物对细粒级白钨矿载体浮选工艺和机理研究[学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2014)
[13] Wang J Z,Yin W Z,Li Z. The mechanism and comparison of flotation behavior of scheelite and calcite. Conservation Util Miner Resour,2016(4):37(王纪镇,印万忠,李振.白钨矿与方解石浮选行为的差异及其机理研究.矿产保护与利用,2016(4):37)
[14] Shen H T,Gong Z G. The mechanism and method to eliminate the influence of calcite on scheelite flotation. Hunan Nonferrous Met,1996,12(2):36(沈慧庭,宫中桂.白钨矿浮选中方解石的影响及消除影响的方法和机理研究.湖南有色金属,1996,12(2):36)
[15] Chen C. Study on the Influence of Inorganic Anions on the Flotation Behavior of Three Typical Calcium Minerals and Its Mechanism of Action[Dissertation]. Changsha:Central South University,2011(陈臣.无机阴离子对三种典型含钙盐类矿物浮选行为影响及作用机制[学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2011)
[16] Sun W,Chen C,Tang H H. Effects and action mechanism of CO2-3on flotation rate of calcite. J China Univ Min Technol,2012,41(1):48(孙伟,陈臣,唐鸿鹄.碳酸根对方解石浮选速率的影响及机理研究.中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(1):48)
[17] Marinakis K I,Kelsall G H. The surface chemical properties of scheelite(CaWO4)I. The scheelite/water interface and CaWO4solubility. Colloids Surf,1987,25(2-4):369
[18] Zhao Z W,Cao C F,Li H G. Thermodynamics on soda decomposition of scheelite. Chin JNonferrous Met,2008,18(2):356(赵中伟,曹才放,李洪桂.碳酸钠分解白钨矿的热力学分析.中国有色金属学报,2008,18(2):356)
[19] Shi Q,Zhang G F,Feng Q M,et al. Effect of solution chemistry on the flotation system of smithsonite and calcite. Int J Miner Process,2013,119:34
[20] Feng B,Lu Y P,Weng C J. Dispersion mechanism of carbonate on flotation system of serpentine and pyrite. J Central S Univ Sci Technol,2016,47(4):1085(冯博,卢毅屏,翁存建.碳酸根对蛇纹石/黄铁矿浮选体系的分散作用机理.中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(4):1085)