煤层气封闭体系及其与煤层气富集的关系
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摘要
研究封闭体系对煤层气富集的控制作用对于指导煤层气勘探开发具有重要的意义。为此,分析了煤层气富集与封隔层(包括区域盖层、区域底板和直接顶底板)、后期构造调整、地层产状等地质要素的关系,结果发现具有区域性泥岩盖层及底板分布稳定、成藏期后构造抬升—回返幅度小,地层平缓且处于均势状态的地区煤层气易于富集。进一步结合多年来国内外煤层气的勘探开发实践,提出了封闭体系的概念,即具有阻止气体向上、下运移的封盖层和侧向稳定带组成的地质单元,在封闭体系环境中不仅煤层气富集,而且煤系气也可以富集成藏。最后根据煤层(系)气的封闭体系要素配置关系,划分了"三明治"式煤层气藏、煤层气—砂岩气共生气藏及煤成砂岩气藏等3种气藏类型,提出了煤层气勘探思路应由单纯的煤层气勘探向煤层气与煤系气立体勘探的方向转变,同时建立了煤层(系)气地质选区评价指标体系,指出在准噶尔盆地与鄂尔多斯盆地东缘开展煤层气与煤系气立体勘探有可能取得良好的应用效果。
It is of great significance to study the controlling effect of sealing systems on CBM enrichment in coalbed methane(CBM) exploration and development. In this paper, the relationships between CBM enrichment and geological elements were analyzed. The geological elements include sealing layers(e.g. regional cap rock, regional floor, and immediate roof and floor), later structural adjustment and strata production status. It is shown that CBM tends to enrich in the areas where regional mudstone cap rocks and floors are distributed stably, structures are uplifted and inversed slightly after the hydrocarbon accumulation period and the strata is gentle in a balanced state. Then, the concept of sealing system was put forward based on the worldwide CBM exploration and development practices over the years. A sealing system refers to a geological unit composed of a lateral stable zone and cap rock which prevents gas from migrating upward and downward. In a sealing system, CBM can get enriched and coal-measure gas can also be accumulated. Finally, three gas reservoir types(i.e., sandwich-type CBM reservoir, associated CBM-sandstone gas reservoir and coal-derived sandstone gas reservoir) were identified based on the configuration relationships between elements of the CBM(or coal-measure gas) sealing system. It is recommended to change the exploration ideas from simple CBM exploration to 3D CBM and coal-measure gas exploration. In addition, an evaluation index system of CBM(or coal-measure gas) geological selection was established. It is pointed out that good application effects may be realized if the stereoscopic CBM and coal-measure gas exploration is applied in the Junggar Basin and the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin.
It is of great significance to study the controlling effect of sealing systems on CBM enrichment in coalbed methane(CBM) exploration and development. In this paper, the relationships between CBM enrichment and geological elements were analyzed. The geological elements include sealing layers(e.g. regional cap rock, regional floor, and immediate roof and floor), later structural adjustment and strata production status. It is shown that CBM tends to enrich in the areas where regional mudstone cap rocks and floors are distributed stably, structures are uplifted and inversed slightly after the hydrocarbon accumulation period and the strata is gentle in a balanced state. Then, the concept of sealing system was put forward based on the worldwide CBM exploration and development practices over the years. A sealing system refers to a geological unit composed of a lateral stable zone and cap rock which prevents gas from migrating upward and downward. In a sealing system, CBM can get enriched and coal-measure gas can also be accumulated. Finally, three gas reservoir types(i.e., sandwich-type CBM reservoir, associated CBM-sandstone gas reservoir and coal-derived sandstone gas reservoir) were identified based on the configuration relationships between elements of the CBM(or coal-measure gas) sealing system. It is recommended to change the exploration ideas from simple CBM exploration to 3D CBM and coal-measure gas exploration. In addition, an evaluation index system of CBM(or coal-measure gas) geological selection was established. It is pointed out that good application effects may be realized if the stereoscopic CBM and coal-measure gas exploration is applied in the Junggar Basin and the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin.
引文
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[3]秦勇,傅雪海,岳巍,林大扬,叶建平,焦思红.沉积体系与煤层气储盖特征之关系探讨[J].古地理学报,2000,2(1):77-84.Qin Yong,Fu Xuehai,Yue Wei,Lin Dayang,Ye Jianping,Jiao Sihong.Relationship between depositional systems and characteristics of coalbed gas reservoir and its caprock[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2000,2(1):77-84
[4]傅雪海,秦勇.我国煤储盖层的成因类型、时空展布及控气特征[J].中国煤炭地质,2001,13(2):26-28.Fu Xuehai,Qin Yong.Genetical type,time area distribution and gas controlled features of coal reservoir caprock in China[J].Coal Geology of China,2001,13(2):26-28.
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[9]周芊芊.沁水盆地和顺区块煤层气富集地质控制因素分析[J].中国煤层气,2013,10(2):12-15.Zhou Qianqian.Geological control law of coalbed methane accumulation of Heshun Block in Qinshui Basin[J].China Coalbed Methane,2013,10(2):12-15.
[10]邓春苗,汤达祯,许浩,陶树.彬长地区延安组沉积作用对煤层气赋存的影响[J].洁净煤技术,2011,17(2):82-84.Deng Chunmiao,Tang Dazhen,Xu Hao,Tao Shu.Analysis on the influence of deposition of Yan'an Formation in Binchang district on coalbed methane concentration[J].Clean Coal Technology,2011,17(2):82-84.
[11]杨福忠,祝厚勤.澳大利亚煤层气地质特征及勘探技术——以博文和苏拉特盆地为例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013.Yang Fuzhong,Zhu Houqin.Geological features of and exploration technologies for CBM in Australia—A case study of Bowen and Surat Basins[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2013.
[12]Walter B,Ayers J.Coalbed gas systems,resources,and production and a review of contrasting cases from the San Juan and Powder River Basins[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1853-1890.
[13]Bastian PA,Wirth O,Wang L,Voneiff GW.Assessment and development of the dry Horseshoe Canyon CBM Play in Canada[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,9-12 October 2005,Dallas,Texas,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/96899-MS.
[14]Zhang E,Hill RJ,Katz BJ,Tang Y.Modeling of gas generation from the Cameo Coal Zone in the Piceance Basin,Colorado[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(8):1077-1106.
[15]Tyler R,Ambrose WA,Scott AR,Kaiser WR.Evaluation of the coalbed methane potential in the Greater Green River,Piceance,Powder River,and Raton Basins[C]//43rd Annual Field Conference Guidebook,Wyoming Geological Association,2016.
[16]傅广,陈章明,姜振学.盖层封堵能力评价方法及其应用[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(3):47-48.Fu Guang,Chen Zhangming,Jiang Zhenxue.The study on the characteristics and evolution regularity of product of gas under pyrolysis simulation experiments[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1995,22(3):47-48.
[17]鲁青青.乌尔逊凹陷油气保存条件及成藏作用研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2006.Lu Qingqing.Research on preservation conditions of oil and gas and reservoir-forming process in Wuerxun Depression[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,2006.
[18]冯赫青.徐深气田营城组一段盖层封气有效性研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2013.Feng Heqing.Research on sealing gas effectiveness of cap rock of the first member of the Yingcheng Formation in Xushen Gas Field[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2013.
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