滇西户撒盆地新近系褐煤微量元素地球化学特征
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摘要
为探讨滇西户撒盆地新近系褐煤的微量元素地球化学特征及指示意义,采集了5口验证钻孔内15层褐煤的新鲜样品,利用ICP-MS对微量元素含量进行测试。结果表明,与中国煤微量元素背景值进行比较,户撒盆地褐煤Rb、Cs、Th富集,Be、Sc、Cr、Cu、Ga、In、W、Pb、U稍富集。户撒褐煤富集的潜在有害微量元素有Be(5.32mg/kg)、Cr(39.8mg/kg)、Cu(39.7 mg/kg)、Pb(32.8 mg/kg)、Th(39.3 mg/kg)和U(7.39 mg/kg)。褐煤的REE总量为196.03~550.42 mg/kg,平均为306.71 mg/kg,远高于中国煤的REE总量均值(136 mg/kg),表现出LREE明显富集,HREE相对亏损特征。δCe值负异常与微量元素比值特征均表明户撒泥炭的沉积期主要为酸性还原环境。δE负异常与球粒陨石标准化分配模式表明户撒新近系褐煤稀土元素与盆缘酸性花岗岩的陆源供给有关。
In order to investigate geochemical signatures of the trace elements in the Neogene lignites in the Husa Basin,western Yunnan,a total of 15 layers of fresh lignite samples were collected in 5 boreholes,and the trace elements were determined by using ICP-MS. The Neogene lignites in the Husa Basin display significant enrichment of the elements Rb,Cs,Th,and slight enrichment of the elements Be,Sc,Cr,Cu,Ga,In,W,Pb and U when compared to the common Chinese coals. The potentially hazardous trace elements in the lignites in the Husa Basin include the elements Be( 5. 32 mg/kg),Cr( 39. 8 mg/kg),Cu( 39. 7 mg/kg),Pb( 32. 8 mg/kg),Th( 39. 3 mg/kg) and U( 7. 39 mg/kg). The REE concentrations in the lignites in the Husa Basin range from 196. 03 to 550.42 mg/kg,with an average of 306. 71 mg/kg,much higher than that of the common Chinese coals. The rightleaning REE distribution patterns suggest the significant LREE enrichment and relative HREE depletion,and are in general agreement with those of the upper crust. The negative Ce anomaly and trace elelment ratios indicate that the peats in the Husa Basin were once deposited in the acidic reducing sedimentary environments. The negative Eu anomaly and chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns indicate that the origins of the Neogene lignites in the Husa Basin have something to do with the terrigenous supply of acidic granites along the margins of the Husa Basin.
In order to investigate geochemical signatures of the trace elements in the Neogene lignites in the Husa Basin,western Yunnan,a total of 15 layers of fresh lignite samples were collected in 5 boreholes,and the trace elements were determined by using ICP-MS. The Neogene lignites in the Husa Basin display significant enrichment of the elements Rb,Cs,Th,and slight enrichment of the elements Be,Sc,Cr,Cu,Ga,In,W,Pb and U when compared to the common Chinese coals. The potentially hazardous trace elements in the lignites in the Husa Basin include the elements Be( 5. 32 mg/kg),Cr( 39. 8 mg/kg),Cu( 39. 7 mg/kg),Pb( 32. 8 mg/kg),Th( 39. 3 mg/kg) and U( 7. 39 mg/kg). The REE concentrations in the lignites in the Husa Basin range from 196. 03 to 550.42 mg/kg,with an average of 306. 71 mg/kg,much higher than that of the common Chinese coals. The rightleaning REE distribution patterns suggest the significant LREE enrichment and relative HREE depletion,and are in general agreement with those of the upper crust. The negative Ce anomaly and trace elelment ratios indicate that the peats in the Husa Basin were once deposited in the acidic reducing sedimentary environments. The negative Eu anomaly and chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns indicate that the origins of the Neogene lignites in the Husa Basin have something to do with the terrigenous supply of acidic granites along the margins of the Husa Basin.
引文
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[25]任德贻.煤的微量元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.393-401.
[26]张建军,牟传龙,周恳恳,等.滇西户撒盆地芒棒组砂岩地球化学特征及物源区和构造背景分析[J].地质学报,2017,91(5):1083-1096.
[27]杨瀚,谢渊,王正和,等.准噶尔盆地东南缘芦草沟组黑色泥页岩稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2017,37(1):88-96.
[28]Yuri Z N,Eder V G,Zamirailova A G.Composition and formation environments of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous black shale Bazhenov Formation(the central part of the West Siberian Basin)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,25:289-306.
[29]Hetzel A,M¨arz C,Vogt C,Brumsack H-J.Geochemical environment of Cenomanian-Turonian black shale deposition at Wunstorf(northern Germany)[J].Cretaceous Research,2011,32:480-494.
[2]李洋,陈萍,陈健,等.云南临沧富锗煤及煤渣中稀土元素地球化学特征[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,(s2):193-196.
[3]孙泽轩.盈江盆地盖层氧化带发育特征及其与铀矿化的关系[J].铀矿地质,2000,16(2):79-84.
[4]Eble C F,Hower J C.Coal quality trends and distribution of potentially hazardous trace elements in Eastern Kentucky coals[J].Fuel,1997,76(8):711-715.
[5]Gentzis T,Goodarzi F,Koukouzas C N,et al.Petrology,mineralogy,and geochemistry of lignites from Crete,Greece[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,1996,30(1-2):131-150.
[6]Ward C R,Spears D A,Booth C A,et al.Mineral matter and trace elements in coals of the Gunnedah Basin,New South Wales,Australia[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,1999,40(4):281-308.
[7]Wagner N J,Hlatshwayo B.The occurrence of potentially hazardous trace elements in five Highveld coals,South Africa[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,63(3-4):228-246.
[8]李峰,段嘉瑞.滇西地区板块—地体构造[J].昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版),1999,(1):29-35.
[9]孙泽轩,陈洪德,吴英,等.滇西新生代盆地与砂岩型铀矿成矿[J].地质论评,2006,52(4):494-500.
[10]杨启军,徐义刚,黄小龙,等.高黎贡构造带花岗岩的年代学和地球化学及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,2006,22(4):817-834.
[11]孙泽轩.滇西新生代盆地砂岩铀矿区域预测判据[J].四川地质学报,2000,(3):212-215.
[12]伍皓,江新胜,余谦,等.“煤铀兼探”找矿新思路在云南的初次应用——以滇西户撒盆地铀矿勘探为例[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2016,36(4):106-110.
[13]李再会,林仕良,丛峰,等.滇西高黎贡山群变质岩的锆石年龄及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,2012,28(5):183-195.
[14]王泽传,赵茂春,严城民,等.滇西北大地构造单元的划分与特征[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2015,35(2):66-75.
[15]钟大赉.滇川西部古特提斯造山带[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.23-25.
[16]Song S G,Niu Y L,Wei C J,et al.Metamorphism,anatexis,zircon ages and tectonic evolution of the Gongshan block in the northern Indochina continent:An eastern extension of the Lhasa Block[J].Lithos,2010,120:327-346.
[17]云南省煤炭地质勘查院.户撒盆地向董煤矿煤田地质普查报告[R].1982.17-28.
[18]Dai S,Seredin V V,Ward C R,et al.Enrichment of U-Se-MoRe-V in coals preserved within marine carbonate successions:geochemical and mineralogical data from the Late Permian Guiding Coalfield,Guizhou,China[J].Mineralium Deposita,2015,50(2):159-186.
[19]Dai S,Ren D,Chou C L,et al.Geochemistry of trace elements in Chinese coals:A review of abundances,genetic types,impacts on human health,and industrial utilization[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,94(3):3-21.
[20]唐修义.中国煤中微量元素[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[21]徐文东.电厂燃煤中主要有害元素的种类、迁移及潜在环境影响[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2004.102-110.
[22]Finkelman R B.Modes of Occurrence of Environmentally-Sensitive Trace Elements in Coal[M].Berlin:Springer Netherlands,1995.24-50.
[23]Finkelman R B.Modes of occurrence of potentially hazardous elements in coal:levels of confidence[J].Fuel Processing Technology,1994,39(1-3):21-34.
[24]杨磊,李洪英,李元昊.鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘煤中微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].低渗透油气田,2010,(3):19-23.
[25]任德贻.煤的微量元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.393-401.
[26]张建军,牟传龙,周恳恳,等.滇西户撒盆地芒棒组砂岩地球化学特征及物源区和构造背景分析[J].地质学报,2017,91(5):1083-1096.
[27]杨瀚,谢渊,王正和,等.准噶尔盆地东南缘芦草沟组黑色泥页岩稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2017,37(1):88-96.
[28]Yuri Z N,Eder V G,Zamirailova A G.Composition and formation environments of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous black shale Bazhenov Formation(the central part of the West Siberian Basin)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,25:289-306.
[29]Hetzel A,M¨arz C,Vogt C,Brumsack H-J.Geochemical environment of Cenomanian-Turonian black shale deposition at Wunstorf(northern Germany)[J].Cretaceous Research,2011,32:480-494.