利用热红外成像仪识别夜间林火
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摘要
通过对比有火和无火时森林红外背景温度标准差以及火燃烧的三维立体图像,利用热红外成像仪进行夜间林火的监测与识别试验.结果表明:即使夜晚时间和地点不同,森林背景温度标准差比较稳定,为1～9;夜晚明火阶段温度标准差为85～180,结合红外三维立体图像可判别林地夜晚是否有明火.动物体表监测的温度为20～30℃,波动小;而有火(包括余火)存在时,监测温度为50.8～275.0℃,波动大,可以排除动物体表的干扰.余火最高温度275℃,根据红外谱图的中心点温度可以判别余火.由此可得,使用热红外成像仪可对夜间林地是否有火情进行判别与监测.
A method of detecting forest fire at night based on thermal infrared imager was proposed. It was achieved by comparing the standard deviation between forest background infrared temperature and the temperature when forest fire took place, together with the assist of three-dimensional image. The results showed that despite of different location and time forest background temperature was relatively stable, with standard deviation ranging between 1 and 9. While the standard deviation varied between 85 and 180 when open flame occurred. And three-dimensional infrared images proved to effectively recognize flame in the forest at night. Monitoring temperature of animal body was mostly 20-30 ℃ with small fluctuation, while fire(including smoldering fire) temperature monitored ranged 50.8-275.0 ℃ with higher fluctuation, so the interference of animal can be ruled out. Smoldering fire at night could be detected based on the central temperature of infrared spectrum, with a maximum temperature being 275 ℃. Thus, thermal infrared imager could be applied to detect and monitor forest fire at night.
A method of detecting forest fire at night based on thermal infrared imager was proposed. It was achieved by comparing the standard deviation between forest background infrared temperature and the temperature when forest fire took place, together with the assist of three-dimensional image. The results showed that despite of different location and time forest background temperature was relatively stable, with standard deviation ranging between 1 and 9. While the standard deviation varied between 85 and 180 when open flame occurred. And three-dimensional infrared images proved to effectively recognize flame in the forest at night. Monitoring temperature of animal body was mostly 20-30 ℃ with small fluctuation, while fire(including smoldering fire) temperature monitored ranged 50.8-275.0 ℃ with higher fluctuation, so the interference of animal can be ruled out. Smoldering fire at night could be detected based on the central temperature of infrared spectrum, with a maximum temperature being 275 ℃. Thus, thermal infrared imager could be applied to detect and monitor forest fire at night.
引文
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[3] 程鑫.图像型火灾火焰探测报警系统[D].南京:东南大学,2004.
[4] 郭赞权.对东南林区夜间扑救森林火灾的几点思考[J].森林防火,2016(3):39-41.
[5] 靳大路,王德兴,杨鹏.红外热成像技术在崂山森林防火系统中的研究与应用[J].电脑知识与技术,2008(33):1 494-1 516.
[6] 王志民.航空红外扫描在探测大兴安岭森林火灾中的作用[J].国土资源遥感,1989(1):39-70.
[7] 金继忠,金晓钟.用红外技术探测森林火灾(一)[J].林业科技通讯,1979(5):26-28.
[8] 金晓钟.国外林火探测新技术[J].林业科技通讯,1986(8):30-31.
[9] 王思嘉,裴海龙.基于火焰图像红外动态特征的早期火灾识别算法[J].现代电子技术,2010,33(8):104-110.
[10] 李政霖.基于图像处理的火灾检测方法研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.
[11] 李杰.基于数字图像处理的森林火灾识别方法研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.
[12] 马芮,孙林,袁广辉,等.可见光红外成像辐射仪数据林火识别算法研究[J].遥感信息,2015,30(4):37-48.
[13] 周宇飞,李兴伟,王振师,等.红外热成像仪早期林火识别算法研究[J].林业资源管理,2012,5:119-124.
[14] 邬晓琳.红外图像型智能火灾探测系统的研究与实现[D].上海:东华大学,2013.
[15] 王婷婷.林火地面红外探测图像信号的采集与处理研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2011.
[16] 金钒石.基于GIS的红外图像火灾定位算法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.
[17] 周宇飞,李兴伟,李小川,等.红外热成像仪林火监测干扰源智能屏蔽技术研究[J].林业资源管理,2013(5):72-75.